关键词: 新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征, 支气管肺发育不良, 反复呼吸道感染, 喘息, 早产儿

Abstract: Objectives To explore the risk factors of bronchopulmonary dysplasia(BPD) in premature infants with neonatal respiratory distress syndrome(NRDS),and to observe the outcome of follow-up. Methods Preterm infants hospitalized in the Neonatal Pediatrics Department of Beijing Friendship Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University and diagnosed with NRDS were enrolled in this study from 1st January,2013 to 31st December,2016,and were divided into BPD group and control group(non-BPD group).The risk factors of BPD in premature infants with NRDS were analyzed.After discharge,the patients was followed up by telephone or through the outpatient to observe the incidence of respiratory infection,wheezing times and readmission rate under one year old,as well as the pulmonary function after 2 years old. Results Totally 79 children were enrolled in this study,of which 32 cases were in BPD group,and 47 cases were in control group.Single factor analysis showed that gestational age and birth weight in BPD group were significantly lower than those in control group(P＜0.01),and the time for mechanical ventilation,the ratio of the application of PS and maternal eclampsia during pregnancy were significantly higher than those in control group(P＜0.01).However,there were no significant differences on maternal age,the ratio of premature rupture of membranes and gestational diabetes(P＞0.05).The incidence of respiratory tract infection and wheezing times in BPD group was significantly higher than those in control group within one year after birth(P<0.01),but there were no significant differences on the readmission rate under 1 year old and pulmonary function in 2 years old between the two groups(P＞0.05).Multivariable Logistic regression analysis indicated that the gestational age(≤28 weeks OR=23.00,95%CI:6.767-78.172;>28-32 weeks OR=4.518,95%CI:1.359-15.020) and mechanical ventilation time more than 7 days(OR=4.380,95%CI:2.581-6.146) were risk factors for BPD. Conclusions Gestational age and mechanical ventilation more than 7 days may be the risk factors for BPD in NRDS premature infants.BPD may lead to repeated respiratory tract infection and wheezing in infants and young children,and whether it can lead to the change of long-term pulmonary function or not needs to be further studied.

Key words: neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, recurrent respiratory infections, wheezing, premature infants