关键词: 对硝基酚, 暴露评估, 生物监测, 尿, 儿童

Abstract: Objective To estimate exposure levels of urinary para nitrophenol (PNP) concentrations using biomonitoring data on 3-year-old children from an agricultural county,Jiangsu Province. Methods Questionnaires and spot urine samples were collected from 441 3-year-old children whose mothers participated our birth cohort study,which was named as "Effects of prenatal environmental chemicals exposure on the development of infants".The questionnaire survey included children's general demographic and socio-economic information and their lifestyles with potential exposure to PNP.Urinary PNP concentrations were measured using gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS).Non-parametric test and multiple linear regression analysis were used to evaluate exposure of PNP. Results The PNP concentrations were detectable in all urinary samples.The geometric mean values of creatinine-adjusted and unadjusted were 12.14 μg/g cre.and 5.08 μg/L,respectively.Urinary concentrations of PNP in summer showed statistically higher than thoses of other seasons (P<0.05).No sex-specific difference was obtained in this study.PNP concentrations in children's urine were higher than other studies. Conclusions The findings suggested that the children are widely exposed to the PNP or precursor compounds at high levels in this county.The exactly biological mechanisms concerning the potential adverse effects on children deserve further investigations.   

Key words: para-nitrophenol, exposure assessment, biomonitoring, urine, children