关键词: 儿童下肢骨骼发育, 步态分析, Q角, 踝距, 生理性膝外翻, 力线, 过度旋前

Abstract: Objective To analyze the relationship between skeletal development and gait problems of lower limbs in children aged 1~5 years,in order to provide pediatric clinicians with evidence for early diagnosis and intervention.Methods A total of 741 children were randomly selected from January 2012 to December 2016 in Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Care Outpatient. Gait, Q angle, lower extremity ankle distance,lower extremity rotation and lower limb angle were measured. Results 1)There were statistically significant differences in Q angle and ankle distance among children of different age groups(F=51.28、11.27,P＜0.05). 2)Q angle continued to increase with age, reaching a peak at four years old, and then the Q angle decreased.There was no gender difference in Q angle trend between 1~5 years.3)In children with physiological knee valgus, flat feet, foot overpronation,foot pronation of these lower limb development problems,Q angle and ankle distance values were generally larger(P＜0.05).Conclusions It is a dynamic change process in the change of 1 to 5-year-old children quadriceps muscle angle,lower extremity ankle distance,and it shows the first increase with age and then reduces the law ; Q angle and ankle distance values are too larger in children with physiological knee valgus,flat feet,foot overpronation,foot pronation of these lower limb gait problems.

Key words: children′s lower limb skeletal development, gait analysis, Q angle, ankle distance, physiological knee valgus, alignmentfeet, overpronation