关键词: 学龄前儿童, 心理卫生, 长处与困难问卷

Abstract: Objective To explore the prevalence and the risk factors for mental health problems in preschool children,in order to provide reference for taking intervention. Methods A total of 15 008 children from 86 kindergartens were selected in the Nanshan by cluster sampling from March to June 2018.All parents were asked to fill out the basic information questionnaire and Strength and Difficulty Questionnaire(SDQ).And Logistic analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of mental health problems. Results 1) A total of 6.5% preschool children were detected with abnormal results.Peer interaction problem was the most prevalent mental health problem,followed by conduct problem,prosocial behavior,emotional symptoms and hyperactivity-inattention according to the prevalence rate.The emotional problems of girls was higher than that of boys(χ²=18.000),while the hyperactivity(χ²=63.499)and prosocial behaviors(χ²=131.533)of boys were significantly higher than those of girls(P＜0.05).2) Mental health problems were significantly higher in children who were at lower age(χ²=45.990),with high risk factors at birth(χ²=19.165),unregistered residents in Shenzhen(χ²=182.178),born outside Shenzhen(χ²=28.470),with younger mother and father(χ²=56.082,74.737),with less-educated mother and father(χ²=243.298,247.481),complex family structure(χ²=43.567),and second-hand smoking(χ²=103.434).3) Multivariate analysis indicated that the risk factors for mental health problems included high risk factors at birth(OR=1.535),short dwelling time in Shenzhen(OR=1.729),less-educated mother and father(OR=2.318,1.492)and second-hand smoking(OR=1.293),while the core family type was a protective factor(OR=0.564). Conclusions The peer interaction problem is the most common mental health problem for preschool children.And the mental health problems are affected by biological factors and environmental factors.

Key words: preschool children, mental health, Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire