Abstract: Objective To investigate the risk factors affecting children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and to offer basis for etiology,pathogenesis and prevention for ASD. Methods A total of 80 children with ASD and 80 normal children were investigated in this case-control study.Risk factors were obtained through self-administered questionnaires which were completed by parents. Results Logistic analysis according to their contributive values showed the risk factors were postterm delivery (OR=20.396,P<0.01),atificial feeding (OR=7.567,P<0.01),neonatal jaundice (OR=7.234,P<0.01),hypoxia (OR=6.411,P<0.05),risk factors during pregnancy (OR=3.354,P<0.01),plastic toys (OR=3.115,P<0.01) and mother's introversion character (OR=2.086,P<0.05).However,regular family education was the protect factor. Conclusions The environment factors,the unfavorable events in pregnant and delivery,the neonatal and developmental phase could increase the incidence of autism spectrum disorder.Some effective should be taken to control these risk factors.

Key words: autism spectrum disorder, autism, influencing factor, risk factor, childhood

摘要： 目的 探讨孤独症谱系障碍发病的影响因素,为孤独症谱系障碍的病因、发病机制及防治提供依据。方法 采用自制的孤独症谱系障碍影响因素调查表对80例孤独症谱系障碍患儿和80例正常儿童进行病例对照研究。结果 经非条件多因素回归分析结果显示,有统计学意义的各个危险因素中,对孤独症谱系障碍发病的影响值从大到小依次为:过期产(OR=20.396,P<0.01),人工喂养(OR=7.567,P<0.01),新生儿黄疸(OR=7.234,P<0.01),宫内或新生儿缺氧(OR=6.411,P<0.05),孕期接触不良因素(OR=3.354,P<0.01),塑料玩具(OR=3.115,P<0.01),母亲性格内向(OR=2.086,P<0.05),而常规的家庭教育为保护因素(OR=0.093,P<0.01)。结论 孤独症谱系障碍儿童的发病可能与遗传,环境因素,孕期和出生高危因素存在一定关系,控制这些因素可能会降低孤独症谱系障碍的发生。

关键词: 孤独症谱系障碍, 孤独症, 影响因素, 危险因素, 儿童