Abstract: Objective To study the occurrence of depression symptoms and associated family environment factors in primary and middle school students of Daqing and provide basic data and basis for the students' mental health intervention. Methods Multiple random sample method was used in the study.1 673 primary and middle school students were sampled.Depression Self-rating Scale for Children (DSRSC) and Family Environment Scale-Chinese Version(FES-CV) were used in the sampled students. Results 1) The mean score of DSRSC was 9.93±5.13,boys' and girls' were 9.96±5.09 and 9.88±5.16,respectively and difference was not statistically significant(t=0.264，P＞0.05);The incidence of depression in boys and girls also had no statistical significant difference(χ²=0.538，P＞0.05).2) Close degree,emotional expression,success,informative,entertaining,moral religion and organized in family environment factors had negative correlations with depression(P＜0.01),contradictoriness had passive correlation with depression(P＞0.01).3) Stepwise regression analysis showed that close degree,emotional expression,contradictoriness,informative,moral religion and organized turned into the regression equation,regression coefficients were -0.466,-0.330,0.506,-0.223,-0.163,-0.161 and -0.349 respectively. Conclusions Family environment is one of the reasons which influent primary and middle school students' depression,improving the family environment helps to improve the primary and middle school students' mental health level.