Abstract: Objective To explore the neuropsychological behavior development states of children with preterm and low birth weight,make early intervene and improve the long-term outcome. Methods All the 14 community health centres of Lianhu district and Beilin district in Xi'an were chosen as the research sites.The resident population of children with preterm and low birth weight was 303,born between October 1st,2011 and September 30th,2013.According to the parents' informed consent,one hundred and forty-four cases (144/303)were included as the the study group and based on random principle,52 term-born children of the same age from the same community were chosen as the control group.The prevalences of cerebral palsy,motor delay and autism spectrum disorders (ASD) were compared between the two groups as well as the level of mental development. Results Among the study group,54 children scored abnormally in GESELL Development Diagnosis Scale (GESELL) scale.There were 10 cases diagnosed ASD,2 cases with cerebral palsy (type spastic),and 11 cases with motor delay.In the control group,3 children showed abnormal results in GESELL scale.Only 1 child was diagnosed motor delay,nobody was with cerebral palsy or ASD.Compared scores of GESELL scale,the scores of the study group were obviously lower than those of the control group,the differences between the two groups were statistically significant(P<0.05). Conclusion s Children with preterm and low birth weight are at high risk of the neural psychological behavior disorders.In the early development,more measures should be taken to supervise the neural and behavior development of these children,since it plays an important role in prevention of the neuropsychological behavior disorders.

Key words: children with preterm and low birth weight, neuropsychological behavior, autism spectrum disorders, cerebral palsy

摘要： 目的 探索早产、低出生体重儿神经心理行为发育,以早期干预,改善预后。方法 以西安市莲湖区和碑林区14所社区卫生服务中心为项目点,调查项目点内2011年10月1日-2013年9月30出生的所有常住早产儿、低出生体重儿共303人。根据知情同意将144名早产、低出生体重儿(144/303)设为研究组、随机选取52名同期出生、同社区居住的正常足月儿为对照组,比较两组脑瘫、运动发育落后、孤独症谱系障碍的发生率,对比两组婴幼儿智力发育水平。结果 研究组144例GESLL测评(GESLL)异常54例,孤独症谱系障碍筛查阳性10例,脑瘫(痉挛型)2例,运动发育落后11例。对照组52例GESLL测评异常3例,1例诊断为运动发育落后,无脑瘫及孤独症谱系障碍病例。两组GESELL各能区分值比较:研究组各能区分值明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 早产、低出生体重儿有高风险出现神经心理行为发育障碍,加强发育早期的监测对预防神经心理行为发育障碍具有重要意义。

关键词: 早产低出生体重儿, 神经心理行为, 孤独症, 脑瘫