Abstract: Objectives To investigate family functioning of only-child families in Shanghai,and to analyze the socio-demographic factors influencing family functioning. Methods Totally 1 189 only-child families were selected from 11 primary schools in 4 districts of Shanghai from April 2016 to January 2017,and family functioning was assessed by the Family Assessment Device-General Functioning Scale(FAD-GF).Chi-square test,t-test,variance analysis,Spearman correlation analysis and Logistic regression were used to analyze the influencing factors of family functioning. Results Among 1 189 only-child families,the average score of GF was 1.64 and 317 families(26.7%) were rated as "unhealthy" by GF.There were statistical differences on the GF scores and the proportion of families with "unhealthy" family functioning among families with different family incomes,parental education attainment and parental age at first birth(P＜0.05).The influences of the maternal education attainment and maternal age at first birth on family functioning were statistically significant(P＜0.05).The higher educational level of mothers was the protective factor of "healthy" family functioning(OR=0.477,95% CI:0.318-0.718),and the elder primipara(>35 years old) was the risk factor of "unhealthy" family functioning(OR=2.812,95%CI:1.480-5.344). Conclusion Maternal education attainment and maternal age at first birth are the influencing factors for family functioning of only-child family in Shanghai,suggesting that the advocation of mothers giving birth at the appropriate age and improving women′s educational level can facilitate the improvement of family functioning.

Key words: family functioning, Family Assessment Device-General Functioning Scale, only-child family

摘要： 目的 调查上海市独生子女家庭的家庭功能,分析对家庭功能产生影响的社会人口学因素。方法 于2016年4月-2017年1月选取上海市4个区11所小学共1 189个独生子女家庭,使用家庭功能评定量表-总的功能(FAD-GF)评定家庭功能。使用χ²检验、t检验、方差分析、Spearman相关分析及Logistic回归分析家庭功能的影响因素。结果 1 189个独生子女家庭中GF均值为1.64,GF评定为“不健康”家庭功能的家庭共317个(26.7%)。在不同的家庭经济状况、父母受教育程度及儿童出生时父母年龄的家庭中,GF得分以及“不健康”家庭功能的家庭所占的比例差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。母亲受教育程度及儿童出生时母亲年龄对家庭功能的影响差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中母亲受教育程度高为“健康”家庭功能的保护性因素(OR=0.477,95%CI:0.318~0.718),母亲高龄初产(＞35岁)为“不健康”家庭功能的危险性因素(OR=2.812,95%CI:1.480~5.344)。结论 上海独生子女家庭母亲首次生育年龄及母亲受教育程度为家庭功能的影响因素,提倡母亲适龄生育及提高女性受教育程度有助于家庭功能的改善。

关键词: 家庭功能, 家庭功能评定量表-总的功能, 独生子女家庭