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Chinese Journal of Child Health Care    2023, 31 (6): 581-585.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2023-0347 Abstract （548）      PDF （910KB）（1013）       Knowledge map    Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical intervention of language delays and language disorders LIU Xue-man Chinese Journal of Child Health Care    2022, 30 (8): 813-817.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2022-0871 Abstract （792）      PDF （1370KB）（772）       Knowledge map    Language delays and language disorders are the most common type of childhood developmental disorders. The exploratory design and initial attempts to implement a Chinese model of an evidence-based clinical intervention pathway for language delays and language disorders were guided by the Clinical Framework of children's language development and the concept of response to intervention (RTI).The early exploratory design also incorporated China's well developed nationwide maternal and children's health care system into the internationally recognized evidence-based tertiary clinical intervention pathway to achieve some initial Results in China. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Guidelines of health nurturing care for children under 3 years old (trial implementation) National Health Commission of the People′s Republic of China Chinese Journal of Child Health Care    2023, 31 (1): 1-9.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2022-1446 Abstract （505）      PDF （3768KB）（767）       Knowledge map    Related Articles | Metrics

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Chinese Journal of Child Health Care    2023, 31 (9): 929-934.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2023-0679 Abstract （320）      PDF （1156KB）（603）       Knowledge map    Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Early screening, diagnosis and intervention of learning disabilities in children CAO Aihua Chinese Journal of Child Health Care    2023, 31 (6): 590-594.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2023-0498 Abstract （359）      PDF （655KB）（575）       Knowledge map    Learning disabilities are neurodevelopmental disorders, which are classified as dyslexia, dysgraphia and dyscalculia according to the DSM-5 and ICD-11. Learning disabilities have a significant impact on children's schooling, but they will not be identified until children show poor academic performance at school. Therefore, screening for learning disabilities at preschool age and early intervention is essential. This article focuses on early screening, diagnosis and comorbidity of children with learning disabilities, and summarizes the treatment of learning disabilities in children from three aspects: education, cognitive behavior and medical interventions. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Chinese Journal of Child Health Care    2023, 31 (3): 233-237.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2023-0133 Abstract （299）      PDF （674KB）（540）       Knowledge map    Related Articles | Metrics

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Evaluation and intervention of hot- and cool-executive function in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder YANG Bin-rang, CHEN Qiao-ru Chinese Journal of Child Health Care    2022, 30 (12): 1277-1281.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2022-1315 Abstract （328）      PDF （734KB）（454）       Knowledge map    Executive function impairment emerges as a primary cognitive deficit in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), involving prefrontal cortex and multi-level brain network dysfunction. Executive function has been functionally classified into cool and hot. Cool-executive function impairment mainly manifests in response inhibition, working memory and cognitive flexibility, while hot-executive function impairment usually involves delayed gratification, reward/punishment-related decision-making, self-regulation and emotion regulation. A variety of traditional paradigms have been used when assessing executive function in ADHD children, some of which are reliably modified and culturally adapted. Based on the literature, clinical practice should not focus exclusively on cool executive function. Children′s impairment in hot executive function (with emotional and social components) should also be noted as significant indicators when evaluating the state of children′s condition. Additionally, dynamic follow-up and intervention should be required to achieve the best results in the long term. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Treatment and intervention of autism spectrum disorder in China and suggestions for further practice JING Jin Chinese Journal of Child Health Care    2023, 31 (9): 939-944.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2023-0680 Abstract （269）      PDF （831KB）（420）       Knowledge map    Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a group of neurodevelopmental disorders with unknown etiology, high heterogeneity and rapidly increasing prevalence. Early education and training is the main method of rehabilitation. The intervention for ASD in China is still developing. Various medical and rehabilitation education institutions have carried out a variety of interventions, hoping to improve the function of ASD and reduce the family and social burden caused by ASD. Based on this, this article analyzes and expounds the progress in evidence-based practice of ASD, the current situation of ASD intervention in China, the limitations and the future development direction. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Evaluation and treatment of complex attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in childhood CHEN Li Chinese Journal of Child Health Care    2023, 31 (9): 935-938.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2023-0845 Abstract （186）      PDF （501KB）（415）       Knowledge map    Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders in childhood. Complex ADHD in children is relatively unique. These cases differ from typical ADHD cases in various ways, such as the atypical age at which symptoms appear or the presence of complex coexisting conditions. Additionally, the symptoms and functional impairment experienced by children with complex ADHD tend to be more severe.Therefore, these children require comprehensive interdisciplinary evaluation and treatment, as well as long-term standardized follow-up and chronic disease management. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Status and challenges of early recognition and early diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder KE Xiaoyan Chinese Journal of Child Health Care    2023, 31 (3): 238-240.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2023-0013 Abstract （335）      PDF （421KB）（384）       Knowledge map    Autism spectrum disorder(ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that seriously impacts the development of children. It has become a clinical consensus that early identification and early intervention are effective means. For professional reference, this paper mainly reviews and discusses the progress in early detection, early screening and early diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder in the domestic and overseas researches, as well as the problems in clinical practice. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Early identification and early intervention of infants and toddlers with faltering growth MAO Meng Chinese Journal of Child Health Care    2023, 31 (4): 349-352.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2023-0083 Abstract （251）      PDF （572KB）（383）       Knowledge map    Faltering growth in infants and toddlers is a common problem in clinical practice, and it can lead to a variety of short- and long-term health outcomes. Early life is a critical window for faltering growth identification and intervention, so a comprehensive understanding of how to identify and intervene faltering growth at early stage is of critical importance for achieving early appropriate catch-up growth and improving the lifetime health of infants and children. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Development of children's movement skills and the cultivation of exercise habits should be valued in early childhood development TONG Mei-ling Chinese Journal of Child Health Care    2022, 30 (6): 581-584.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2022-0598 Abstract （274）      PDF （720KB）（356）       Knowledge map    As a crucial component of early childhood development, physical activity can facilitate the development of children's physical, mental and social abilities. Caregivers incorporate physical activities into daily nurturing care to progressively develop children's movement skills and to cultivate children's exercise habits, which contributes to early childhood development and children's long-term health, and is also an important move to upgrade population quality as well as to strengthen the country and individuals. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Responsive care in early childhood development nurturing care systems NI Xue-fei, FAN Li-chun Chinese Journal of Child Health Care    2023, 31 (1): 62-65.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2022-0049 Abstract （331）      PDF （586KB）（353）       Knowledge map    The early childhood development nurturing care consists of five major contents:child health, adequate nutrition, safety and security, responsive care and early learning opportunities. Among them, responsive care is an important way to promote early childhood development. This article summarizes and reviews the connotation, challenges, implementation and evaluation of responsive care, and explores the influence of responsive care on early childhood development. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Review of diagnostic scales for the assessment of early neurodevelopment in infants and toddlers HUANG Heng-ye, YU Guang-jun Chinese Journal of Child Health Care    2023, 31 (2): 162-166.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2022-0627 Abstract （413）      PDF （693KB）（334）       Knowledge map    Early infant and toddler development is a critical period in the life span of children, and preterm or high-risk infants are at a high risk of neurodevelopmental disorders. Therefore, early detection and intervention are of great importance to improve neurodevelopmental outcomes in infants and toddlers. This review summarizes common diagnostic scales for neurodevelopmental assessment of infants and toddlers in home and abroad, especially history of evolution, current status of application, advantages and disadvantages of Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Gesell Development Schedules, Griffiths Mental Developmental Scales, and Chinese Children Development Scales, so as to provide a reference for pediatricians′ clinical work. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Nutrition intervention for faltering growth in children under 6 years old YU Xiaodan Chinese Journal of Child Health Care    2023, 31 (10): 1048-1050.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2023-0914 Abstract （209）      PDF （396KB）（327）       Knowledge map    A report published in 2020 on the Nutrition and Chronic Disease Status of Chinese Residents revealed that the rate of faltering growth in Chinese children under 6 years old is 4.8%. This paper focuses primarily on the influence of weight deviation and nutrient deficiency on height (length) in children, and proposes early intervention measures, in order to provide valuable insights for healthcare professionals in the early prevention and treatment of faltering growth in clinical practice. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Early identification and treatment on childhood anxiety disorders ZHANG Jinsong Chinese Journal of Child Health Care    2023, 31 (12): 1277-1279.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2023-1196 Abstract （200）      PDF （537KB）（324）       Knowledge map    Anxiety disorders are prevalent in children, and early identification and treatment are crucial to minimize their impact on children's development. There are several subtypes of anxiety disorders, and the symptoms in children are diverse and atypical, often manifesting as behavioral and physical responses. Raising awareness of early identification can be achieved by reinforcing correct understanding, enhancing foresight, focusing on high-risk children, and maintaining sensitivity. This article provides a brief overview of common manifestations for identifying anxiety symptoms, the process of early identification and diagnosis of anxiety disorders, and a treatment plan for childhood anxiety disorders that integrates preventive intervention and comprehensive treatment. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Brain injury and early assessment in infants ZHANG Yu-ping Chinese Journal of Child Health Care    2023, 31 (2): 123-125.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2022-1560 Abstract （195）      PDF （434KB）（306）       Knowledge map    With the improvement of survival rate of critically ill neonates, the number of infants at high risk of brain injury has also increased.Clinicians need to recognize infant brain injury and grasp the methods of early identification of infant brain injury.In this paper, different types of infant brain injury and their long-term development outcomes are briefly described, and the early assessment of infant brain injury is introduced from three aspects: clinical history, auxiliary examination and standardized evaluation, thereby providing reference for early intervention and improvement of long-term development outcomes of infants with brain injury. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Status of vitamin A, vitamin D and comorbidity of both deficiency in Chinese children YIN Shian, YANG Zhenyu Chinese Journal of Child Health Care    2024, 32 (3): 301-306.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2024-0146 Abstract （245）      PDF （617KB）（304）       Knowledge map    Vitamin A and vitamin D deficiencies or insufficiencies in children remain global public health problems. The deficiencies of both vitamin A and vitamin D exist in Chinese children, the deficiency of vitamin A is mainly marginal (about 30%) in children aged 0 - 12 years.Vitamin D deficiency and prevalence are common in healthy children aged 0 - 18 years, among which the severe deficiency rate is 2.46%, the deficiency rate is 21.57%, and the marginal deficiency rate is 28.71%.The deficiency rate gradually increases with the increase of age.Since the respective bioactive metabolites of vitamin A and vitamin D, retinoic acid and 1 and 25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 have hormone-like properties, and both metabolites are synthesized from their vitamin precursors by different tissues and cells in the body, there may be a synergistic effect between both on target cells remotely by binding to nuclear hormone receptors.A high proportion of concurrent vitamin A and vitamin D deficiencies (comorbidities) in malnourished children under 5 years of age in low- and middle-income countries and poor areas will affect the immune response in a highly specific way, in addition to causing growth and developmental disorders (e.g., growth retardation, motor retardation), it also increases susceptibility to infectious diseases (e.g., recurrent respiratory infections, diarrhea), allergic diseases (e.g., asthma, atopic dermatitis), and neurodevelopmental disorders (touretic disorder, autism spectrum disorder).Therefore, children in the period of growth and development may benefit from supplementing with vitamin A and vitamin D. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Parent-implemented early language intervention strategies for children HAO Yan, ZHAO Jin-zhu Chinese Journal of Child Health Care    2022, 30 (8): 818-821.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2022-0796 Abstract （255）      PDF （473KB）（303）       Knowledge map    Early language acquisition in children is a complex process. It is important to provide evidence-based interventions for children with language delays in early childhood to improve their prognosis. Conducting child early language interventions in natural contexts and training parents to incorporate language and communication opportunities into daily parent-child interactions, allowing children to learn the language and practice new skills in natural and authentic learning experiences, can maximize opportunities for children to learn the language and generalize skills, yet there is limited knowledge in this area in China. This article provides a review of parent-implemented strategies for early childhood language intervention. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Chinese norm of General Physical Activity Scale for children aged 3 to 6 HE Yan-lu, YANG Zhi-yong, LIU Feng, DONG Wen-hong, KUANG Xiao-ni, ZHANG Xue-jiao, WANG Nian-rong, LUO Yan,YANG Lin, WANG Xiao-juan, WU Jian-xin, ZHANG Ting, ZHU Zong-han, WANG Jian, GUAN Hong-yan, TONG Mei-ling Chinese Journal of Child Health Care    2022, 30 (6): 594-598.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2021-1495 Abstract （469）      PDF （777KB）（302）       Knowledge map    Objective To establish Chinese norm of General Physical Activity Scale for children aged 3 to 6, and to explore its cut-off score for the norm, thus to provide a practical tool for clinical application. Methods From August 2020 to May 2021, a stratified cluster sampling approach was utilized to recruit 1 616 children aged 3 to 6 years from eight cities in six major administrative regions of China. The norm distribution and scores were analyzed, and its cut-off score was discussed. Results The scores of each dimension was significantly different among eight cities( F=10.964 - 117.766, P<0.001). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the total score of the scale is 0.937(95% CI:0.916 - 0.957). The maximum Yuden Index(YI) was 0.74, and the corresponding total score was in the 17th percentile( P 17) in the norm, with the sensitivity of 0.871 and specificity of 0.864. When P 15 (76)and P 20(80)were taken as the threshold point, the corresponding YI was 0.69 and 0.72, respectively, and the sensitivity and specificity were both above 0.8. Conclusions The norm sample of this study is representative, and the cut-off score is appropriate, which can be popularized and applied in clinic practice. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Exercise ability and early childhood development GUO Jian-jun, WANG Chao Chinese Journal of Child Health Care    2022, 30 (6): 591-593.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2022-0565 Abstract （273）      PDF （455KB）（270）       Knowledge map    Early childhood development is crucial for the wellbeing and health of individuals in adulthood and even in old age. It has attracted more and more concerns from society. This paper summarizes the role of motor ability development in early education from the perspective of early physical growth, intellectual development, neuropsychological development and its effect on the intervention of special children's diseases, in order to find pathways and directions to promote children's healthy growth. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Reliability and validity of grammar subscale of Children's Language Development Scale CHEUNG Hin-Tat, LI Xue, LIAO Min Chinese Journal of Child Health Care    2022, 30 (8): 822-827.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2022-0131 Abstract （372）      PDF （663KB）（252）       Knowledge map    Objective To evaluate the reliability and validity of grammar subscale of Children's Language Development Scale(CLDS). Methods A stratified cluster sampling method was adopted to randomly select 1 704 preschool children(including 852 boys and 852 girls) in Chengdu from December 2018 to June 2019. Children's language ability was evaluated with CLDS, then the reliability and validity of the grammar subscale of CLDS were tested. Results There were 1 701 completed Results in sum. The grammar scale contained 40 items of picture selection after listening to a sentence. Internal consistency reliability Cronbach's α coefficient was 0.834, and the half-fold reliability was 0.795. The infit and outfit MNSQ values of the subjects and the items were 1.00, 0.93 and 0.99, 0.93 respectively. The discrimination validity was 1.73, and the reliability of the scale was 0.75. The infit MNSQ values of 40 items were between 0.86 and 1.2 logits, which fitted well with the Rasch model. The difficulty value of items ranged from -2.55 to 1.82 logits, and the individual ability value was between -2.78 and 5.0 logits. Conclusions The grammar subscale of the CLDS has good reliability and validity. It can be applied to simply and effectively measure 3- to 6-year-old children's grammar development, so as to provide reference for diagnosing and treating speech and language disorders in Chinese children. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Cultivate healthy dietary behavior and keep away from childhood obesity MA Guan-sheng, ZHANG Fan Chinese Journal of Child Health Care    2023, 31 (1): 10-14.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2022-1199 Abstract （251）      PDF （628KB）（243）       Knowledge map    Obesity has become an increasingly serious public health challenge endangering the childhood health in China. In recent 30 years, the continuous growth of childhood obesity rate in China is closely related to the improvement of living standards and the changes of dietary behavior. Dietary behavior refers to individuals′ habitual eating activities, including food selection and purchase, eating frequency, eating quantity, cooking method, eating place, etc. Eating frequency and regular eating, dining atmosphere, breakfast, western fast food and other dietary behaviors, drinking and snack eating behaviors are related to childhood obesity. Unhealthy dietary behaviors lead to weight gain and obesity in children by affecting energy intake. Parents, schools, society and the government must work together to create a healthy eating environment for children, help them cultivate healthy dietary behaviors, keep away from obesity, and provide necessary guarantees for the healthy growth of children. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress in responsive caregiving for infants and toddlers XU Yu-ying, WANG Xue-na, LI Jia, AN Zi-fen, YU Li-ping Chinese Journal of Child Health Care    2023, 31 (1): 71-75.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2022-0343 Abstract （520）      PDF （551KB）（241）       Knowledge map    Responsive caregiving plays an important role in the early development of infants and toddlers. It can not only promote brain development, emotional and language development of infants and toddlers, but also enhance parent-child attachment and promote their social development. This paper focuses on the researches on responsive caregiving for infants and toddlers at home and abroad from three aspects:measurement tools, influencing factors and intervention measures, in order to provide theoretical reference for further study of responsive caregiving for infants and toddlers. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Intervention progress in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in preschool children ZHU Pei-ying, WANG Yu Chinese Journal of Child Health Care    2022, 30 (12): 1332-1335.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2021-0610 Abstract （228）      PDF （551KB）（239）       Knowledge map    Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder in childhood,with inattention,hyperactivity and impulsivity as the main symptoms,and it is mainly manifested as hyperactivity in preschool period. ADHD has a seriously negative impact on children′s academic performance,interpersonal communication,physical and mental development and other aspects,and can continue to adolescence or adulthood. Early intervention can reduce the core symptoms of ADHD and reduce the incidence of comorbidities. Current interventions for preschool ADHD include behavioral therapy,physical therapy and drug therapy. Drug treatment can significantly improve the core symptoms of ADHD,but it can not improve the social interaction and executive functions of preschool children,and the side reactions of drugs can cause problems such as drug addiction and poor compliance. Behavior therapy can not only improve children′s social function and emotional problems,reduce the pressure of parenting,but also have no problems such as drug side reactions,which has become a current research hotspot. This article reviews the intervention progress in ADHD in preschool children. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Chinese Journal of Child Health Care    2024, 32 (4): 349-358.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2024-0279 Abstract （87）      PDF （1552KB）（233）       Knowledge map    Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Early intervention of emotionalization and socialization on high-risk children XIONG Zhonggui, ZHENG Xiaoyun, BIAN Xiaoyan, XU Haiqing Chinese Journal of Child Health Care    2023, 31 (11): 1161-1164.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2023-0985 Abstract （156）      PDF （662KB）（220）       Knowledge map    High-risk children are confronted with a serial of medical issues, such as early development of emotionalization and socialization, in which there were significant difference in neurobehavioral development between high-risk children and normal children. Early intervention could promote healthy development of high-risk children. This study is aimed at early development of emotionalization and socialization to achieve the optimal potential development on high-risk children. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on the relationship between steroid hormones and autism spectrum disorder HE Qing, XU Lei, XIE Jiang Chinese Journal of Child Health Care    2022, 30 (11): 1221-1225.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2021-0747 Abstract （97）      PDF （605KB）（218）       Knowledge map    Autism spectrum disorder(ASD) is a neuropsychiatric developmental disorder that begins in infancy and childhood. Steroid hormones may result in the onset of ASD by affecting neuropsychiatric development. This article reviews the relationship between common steroid hormones and ASD. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical features and influencing factors of children with language delay ZHANG Ying, WANG Jun-feng, DING Yan-hua Chinese Journal of Child Health Care    2022, 30 (8): 912-915.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2021-0910 Abstract （264）      PDF （530KB）（217）       Knowledge map    Objective To investigate the clinical features and high influencing factors of language delay in children, in order to provide reference for the early detection and intervention. Methods From November 2019 to July 2020, a total of 126 children with language delay in the Department of Child Health Care, Children's Hospital of Fudan University were enrolled in case group. While 100 normally developed children who visited the hospital from May to July 2020 were selected as control group. Children in case group were assessed by Gesell test. For both groups, a self-designed questionnaire about individual information and family environment was used to collected related information, including gestational age, pregnancy interval, delivery mode, birth weight, initial walking age, main caregivers, screen time and maternal education level. Results The first visit age for 126 children with language delay was (29.2±4.5) months. The ratio of boys and girls was 2.7∶1. Developmental quotients (DQs) of language, gross motor, fine motor, adaptive and social in Gesell Development Scale were 49.9±16.3, 73.5±15.4, 72.4±18.1, 70.2±16.2 and 60.4±16.4, respectively. The ratio of the preterm birth in the case group was higher than that in the control group( χ 2=4.873, P<0.05). For children in the case group, the initial walking age was later than that in the control group [(14.7±2.4) months vs. (12.6±2.0) months, t=5.766, P<0.05]. The screen time of children in case group was longer than that of the control group [(3.6±1.9) h vs. (1.20±1.0) h, t=10.587, P<0.05]. The level of maternal education of case group was lower than that of control group ( t=7.973, P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the main caregiver, pregnancy interval and delivery mode between the two groups ( P>0.05). Conclusions Children with language delay may suffer from problems in other developmental areas as well. The longer screen time, lower maternal education and preterm birth may be the influencing factors for language delay in childhood. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Development andapplication of assessment system for children's physical activity and early development in China YANG Yufeng Chinese Journal of Child Health Care    2023, 31 (5): 465-469.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2023-0399 Abstract （197）      PDF （897KB）（217）       Knowledge map    The ultimate goal of early childhood development is to help children achieve their maximum potential, and to improve the overall quality of the population, thereby achieving the goals of national development and human health. Physical activity in children is the main form and means for early development. With the renewal of the times and the improvement of life quality, there has been a general decrease in physical activity and movement and an accelerated emergence of physical, psychological and behavioral problems in children. Scientific monitoring and assessment is particularly important in order to better promote early development by increasing children's physical activity and movement. This article will introduce the importance of establishing children's physical activity and early development assessment system of China and the common methods of monitoring and assessing children's physical activity and early development. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Communication disorders in children with autism spectrum disorder from speech language pathology perspective YANG Feng Chinese Journal of Child Health Care    2024, 32 (3): 233-236.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2024-0114 Abstract （174）      PDF （722KB）（217）       Knowledge map    Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) face varying degrees of difficulties in communication, language, and social interactions.This article analyzes the basic communication abilities, language development characteristics, and social pragmatic features of ASD children from the perspective of speech pathology, introduces corresponding assessment tools and proposes intervention strategies based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF).Meanwhile, this article emphasizes the adoption of a comprehensive intervention model that involves medical, family, and school components to enhance the communication, language, and social skills of this group comprehensively, with the aim of effectively improving their overall quality of life. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Assessment and treatment for sleep disorders in children with autism spectrum disorder CHEN Cen, CHENG Hui, JIANG Fan, SHEN Min, WANG Guang-hai Chinese Journal of Child Health Care    2022, 30 (6): 637-641.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2021-0195 Abstract （222）      PDF （689KB）（215）       Knowledge map    Sleep disorders, as one of the most common comorbid disorders in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), have attracted extensive clinical and research attention in recent years.Sleep disorders are significantly related to the core symptoms of ASD, affect the children's function, quality of life and efficacy of intervention and rehabilitation, and also cause great parenting distress and economic burden on parents.At the international level, sleep disorders especially for insomnia have been integrated in the assessment and treatment for ASD, yet the relevant work in China is much less developed and pediatric professionals has insufficient ability to assess and treat sleep disorders in ASD children.Therefore, this review introduces the assessment and treatment strategies for sleep disorders in ASD children in order to inform clinical and research work. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Preliminary development and reliability and validity test of Physical Activity Afterschool Questionnaire for preschooler WANG Xiao-juan, XU Meng-xue, ZHANG Meng-nan, REN Xia, JIANG Yuan-yuan, ZHANG Xue-jiao, YANG Lin, WU Jian-xin, ZHANG Ting, ZHU Zong-han, GUANHong-yan Chinese Journal of Child Health Care    2022, 30 (12): 1304-1308.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2022-0233 Abstract （187）      PDF （25873KB）（213）       Knowledge map    Objective To develop a Physical Activity Afterschool Questionnaire for Preschooler (P-PAQ), and to examine its reliability and validity, so as to provide a reliable and effective measurement tool for assessing Chinese preschooler′s physical activity after school. Methods P-PAQ was developed after reviewing the literature and consulting physical activity experts, also integrating with the characteristic of Chinese preschooler′s physical activity after school. The frequency and duration of children′s physical activity after school with various intensities in the past week (including 5 school days and 2 weekend days) was investigated. Recruitment of children aged 3 to 6 years was conducted utilizing a convenience sampling method in three kindergartens from Beijing, Shenyang and Xi′an from November to December 2020. Totally 225 children′s primary caregivers filled in P-PAQ twice with two-day interval to explore the test-retest reliability. Additional 229 children wore accelerometers (ActiGraph GT9X) for one week, then their primary caregivers filled in P-PAQ. Results The intra-group correlation coefficient(ICC) of test-retest on school days and weekends for the light physical activity, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, and total physical activity time ranged from 0.636 to 0.844 ( P<0.01). Spearman correlation coefficient between time spent on moderate-to-vigorous activity on schooldays and weekends was 0.153 and 0.151, respectively ( P<0.05). Bland-Altman plots showed that P-PAQ and accelerometer had great consistency in measuring preschooler′s physical activity after school. Conclusion P-PAQ has good reliability and validity, which can be used to investigate physical activity behavior of preschool children, and to guide caregivers to improve children′s physical activity level after school in community and family settings. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Nurturing care based on the perspective of brain science CHI Xia Chinese Journal of Child Health Care    2022, 30 (11): 1161-1163.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2022-1999 Abstract （161）      PDF （602KB）（212）       Knowledge map    It has been widely recognized that the early stage of life is a critical period for brain development, which is of high plasticity. Evidence from brain science has demonstrated that nurturing care environment has an important influence on the structure and function of children's brains, as well as their psychological and behavioral development. During this critical stage, good health, adequate nutrition, responsive care, security and safety, and opportunities for early learning all together provide an early environment that children's brain development requires, and further promote the development of children's cognitive functions, including sensory, perceptual, sensorimotor, language, cognitive, emotional and social abilities, to fully make the rise of early developmental potential. Taken together, in an effort to promote children's health, it is of pivotal importance to widely carry out nurturing care under the guidance of brain science and also create an optimal caring environment to support early development and especially the development of the brain. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Neonatal nutrition and early childhood development LIU Li, WEI Si-meng, JIANG Te Chinese Journal of Child Health Care    2022, 30 (8): 879-883.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2021-1142 Abstract （254）      PDF （603KB）（212）       Knowledge map    Early childhood development refers to the growth and development of the physical, psychological and social ability of the fetus to the preschool children, which is affected by the genetic environment and other aspects. Quality nutrition of newborns is an important material basis for the early development of children. Breastfeeding in neonatal period, neonatal diseases screening, and proper feeding of premature and low birth weight infants are all key factors in promoting early child development. This review will comprehensively summarize its role in the early development of children from the perspective of neonatal nutrition, so as to provide a new orientation and reference for better optimizing maternal and infant nutrition and promoting the early childhood development. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis on the needs of family nurturing guidance for infants YIN Chun-lan, XI Xiang-yun, TONG Mei-ling, ZHU Ling, ZHANG Hua, LIU Yun-fen, HUANG Yan, ZHANG Yong-hua, ZHANG Li-li, CUI Xin-hua, NI Yu, ZHONG Xin-wen, LI Xia, XU Pei-bin Chinese Journal of Child Health Care    2023, 31 (1): 32-36.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2021-1653 Abstract （185）      PDF （574KB）（211）       Knowledge map    Objective To investigate the needs and influencing factors of family nurturing for infants, so as to provide reference for promoting the combination of medical education and care services. Methods From September to November 2020, 3 439 infants were selected from 9 provinces and 12 cities in China for questionnaire survey. Parents were asked to fill in general information and family rearing questionnaire to collect the needs of infant families for nurturing guidance. Results Among 3 439 infants, 29.7% had the need for nurturing guidance, especially for responsive care and early learning opportunities. Logistics regression analysis showed that the main caregivers were father( OR=0.476,95% CI:0.361 - 0.629)and(maternal) grandparents( OR=0.455,95% CI:0.304 - 0.681), farmers( OR=0.395,95% CI:0.240 - 0.649)and retirement( OR=0.612,95% CI:0.500 - 0.750)were protective factors for guidance needs for infants and toddlers family nurturing care. Stem family( OR=1.295,95% CI:1.101 - 1.523), single-parent family( OR=2.631,95% CI:1.405 - 4.927), caregivers with educational level of college/graduate( OR=2.180,95% CI:1.600 - 2.971), postgraduate and above( OR=3.116,95% CI:2.109 - 4.811)and average monthly household income of >10 001 - 20 000 yuan( OR=1.815,95% CI:1.407 - 2.340), above 20 000 yuan( OR=2.846,95% CI:2.125 - 3.813)were risk factors for demand for high guidance needs for infants and toddlers family nurturing care. Conclusions At present, families in China have a certain need for guidance on the nurturing care of infants and toddlers. Medical and health care institutions, especially maternal and child health care institutions, should continue to improve their professional guidance and health services for the nurturing care of infants and toddlers in order to further improve the quality of family care. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Family parenting and early childhood language development SHEN Shi-fang, SHAO Jie Chinese Journal of Child Health Care    2022, 30 (8): 865-868.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2021-1294 Abstract （294）      PDF （519KB）（210）       Knowledge map    Language learning is the product of the interaction between children's learning ability and language environment, which occurs in the social environment where children actively participate in. Differences in language ability begin to appear in infants and toddlers, and run through and affect people throughout their lives. In recent years, more and more domestic and foreign scholars have studied the effect of family parenting on early childhood language development. Understanding the influence of family parenting on the early language development of children can provide basis for formulating prevention and intervention strategies from the perspective of family parenting to promote the best development of early childhood language. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical features of language delay in children WANG Shao-wen, CHEN Jing-jing, YAO Yu-jia, WEI Xiu-li, YE Bei, FANG Shuan-feng Chinese Journal of Child Health Care    2022, 30 (11): 1254-1257.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2022-0322 Abstract （209）      PDF （490KB）（208）       Knowledge map    Objective To investigate the clinical features of language delay in children, in order to provide reference for the early detection and intervention. Methods From June 2019 to April 2020, a total of 151 children with language delay in the Department of Child Health care, Henan Children's Hospital were enrolled in this study. Children's intelligence was assessed by Gesell Development Scale. The ratios of developmental language delay and global developmental delay in children aged 1- years, 2- years and 3 - 4 years were analyzed. The differences of developmental quotients (DQs) in each area among the three age groups were compared, which were also compared between children younger and older than 3 years old. Results 1) The proportion of global developmental delay in children with language retardation as the main complaint increased gradually with the increase of age, which was 45.5%,61.2% and 95.5% in children in 1-,2-, 3 - 4 age group, respectively. 2) With the increase of age, the DQs of adaptability, gross motor, fine motor, language and social interaction area decreased gradually ( F=26.175, 17.341, 18.516, 6.747, 4.180, P<0.05). There was a significantly sequential downward trend in adaptability, gross motor, fine motor, and language area from group 1- years to 2- years then to 3 - 4 years old (P<0.05). In social interaction area, there was only significant difference between children aged 1- years and 3 - 4 years ( F=2.835, P=0.005). 3) The DQ values of children over 3 years old were significantly lower than those under 3 years old ( F =5.521, 4.710, 4.933, 2.919, 2.670, P<0.01). Conclusions With the increase of age, the vast majority of children with language delay are not simple language problems, but more likely to be global developmental delay. Early screening, early diagnosis and early intervention are very important in the critical period of language development in children before the age of 3. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Validation and norms of the Chinese Toddler Sleep Assessment Scale FENG Wei-wei, ZHANG Tong, WANG Hui-shan, YANG Yu-feng, XU Zhi-fei, PAN Xiao-ping, WANG Guang-hai, XU Tao, Working Group on Norms Establishment of Chinese Infants and Toddlers Sleep Assessment Scales Chinese Journal of Child Health Care    2023, 31 (1): 42-45.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2022-0642 Abstract （236）      PDF （680KB）（205）       Knowledge map    Objective To verify the reliability and validity of Chinese Toddler Sleep Assessment Scale(TSAS), and to establish national norm and cut-off score. Methods Using multistage random sampling, totally 2 816 urban and rural caregivers whose child aged 12 to 35 months were selected in 14 cities of 7 provinces from May to December 2021. The internal consistency reliability, split-half reliability and confirmatory factor analysis were used to verify the reliability and validity of the scale. The percentile norm( P 5, P 15, P 50, P 85 and P 95) was established, and the total TSAS scores exceeding P 85 and P 97 were determined as the cut-offs for identifying poor sleep and abnormal sleep. Results The Cronbach′s α coefficients of TSAS was 0.73, the split-half reliability was 0.81, and the factor structure models were stable, which showed good reliability and validity. The age norm of TSAS was established. The total score >40 indicated poor sleep, and > 45 indicated abnormal sleep. Conclusions TSAS has stable reliability and validity. The established norm and cut-off can provide Objective reference for its promotion and application. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Behavioral and language characteristics of chidren with language development delay LIU Huiyan, SONG Yanyan, ZHANG Shuqin, XIAO Wanqi Chinese Journal of Child Health Care    2023, 31 (4): 365-368.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2022-0682 Abstract （171）      PDF （526KB）（204）       Knowledge map    Objective To analyze the characteristics of children with language development delay at diffierent ages, so as to provide scientific basis for early clinical detection and intervention. Methods A study was conducted in children aged 1.5 to 6 years with questionnaire survey during January 2020 to January 2021.The S-S linguistic retardation assessment was adopted.Then the language development characteristics and influencing factors were analyzed. Results 1) The age of delayed speech visits was mainly between 1.5 and 3.5 years old, with an average of 2.6 years old, and significantly more boys than girls.Among children with delayed speech visits, 52.48% had an expressive vocabulary of less than 10 words, and 12.38% visited the hospital because they did not speak, the level of language comprehension was mainly at the symbolic stage of things, 80.20% had behavioral problems, 58.29% had dietary behavioral problems.And 62.87% were exposed to electronic screens for more than 1h/d, 50.99% parent-child interaction was less than 2h/d.2) The proportion oflanguage comprehension delay and operational task delaywere significantly different among different age groups ( χ 2=13.68, 17.62, P<0.01).The proportion of delayed language comprehension gradually increased with age, and the difference was most significant around 2 years old.The rate of operational task delay was higher in each age groups.3) Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that higher education level of the main caregiver was a protective factor for language comprehension ( OR=0.81, 95% CI:0.67 - 0.97, P＜0.05), while behavioral problems increased the risk of operational task delay ( OR=2.84, 95% CI:1.21 - 6.65, P＜0.05). Conclusions Language development delays mostly occur in children around 2.5 years of age and are prone to behavioral problems.After 2 years of age, in addition to language delays, children are more likely to have a combination of comprehension delays and operational delays, and behavioral problems increase the risk for operational delays.Therefore, early screening and targeted interventions are necessary, and scientific parenting and favorable behavior habits may help to children's early language development. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics