Table of Content

06 August 2013, Volume 21 Issue 8

Previous Issue    Next Issue

Effects of serum sialic acid in pregnant women on neonatal physical growth

QIAO Yang,BAI Zeng-hua,WANG Jiong,JIN Hua,BAI Dan-dan,MA Ya-ping,GU Gui-xiong

2013, 21(8):  789-792. 

Asbtract ( )   PDF (567KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To investigate the correlation between the maternal serum sialic acid (SA) contents,umbilical cord serum SA contents,SA placenta transport rate with infant early growth and development. Methods Prospective cohort study was carried from early pregnancy,followed up to middle,late pregnancy and delivery.The relationships between maternal serum sialic acid at three stages of pregnancy,with offspring birth weight,height,head circumference and Kaup index were carried out. Results There were no significant differences in the neonatal birth weight,birth length,birth head circumference and Kaup index respectively in different serum SA contents in early pregnancy,middle pregnancy and late pregnancy(P>0.05).And there were no significant differences of umbilical cord serum SA and SA placenta transfer rate on neonatal outcome either(P>0.05). Conclusions There are no significant effects of maternal serum SA contents during pregnancy,fetal umbilical cord SA levels and SA placenta transfer rate on birth physical growth.SA doesn't cause obesity to infants.SA placenta transport rate can reflect the nutritional needs for fetal growth and development.

Relationship between physical development and changes of TSH,FT4 and IGF-1 before and after treatment in children with congenital hypothyroidism

ZHENG Min,PAN Li-zhen,TAN Jian-qiang,CAI Ren

2013, 21(8):  793-795. 

Asbtract ( )   PDF (447KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To study the changes of serum insulin-like growth factor-1(IGF-1),thyroid stimulating hormone(TSH) and free thyroxine(FT4) in children with congenital hypothyroidism(CH) by levothyroxine(L-T4) substitution therapy,and to analyse the effects on physical growth in these children. Methods IGF-I,TSH and FT4 were detected by chemiluminescence method which were collected from 27 untreated neonatus with CH,21 children with CH after therapy,30 healthy neonatus and 30 healthy children(as controls).Body weight (BW) and body length (BL) of each groups were measured. Results The levels of serum IGF-1,TSH and FT4 in neonatus with CH were significantly lower than those in healthy neonatus (P<0.05) while there were not differ between healthy children and children with CH after therapy (P>0.05).TSH,FT4,BW and BL had no correlations with IGF-1.BW and BL had inverse correlations with TSH while direct correlations with FT4 in neonatus with CH. Conclusions Physical growth of children with CH in fetal period may be affected by TSH and FT4.The normal levels of TSH,FT4 and IGF-1 may be possible factors for normal growth of children with CH.

Study on immunization status among children aged 12~23 months in 14 counties of western China

ZHANG Yan,ZHOU Hong,WANG Yan

2013, 21(8):  796-798. 

Asbtract ( )   PDF (426KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To learn the immunization status of children in some areas of western China so as to provide scientific basis for improving immunization program. Methods A cross-sectional study with three-stage stratified random sampling method was conducted,and a total of 1 159 children aged 12~23 months old from 14 counties in western China was chosen to investigate their basic informations with self-administrated questionnaire and to get their information of immunization from "vaccination certificate". Results The coverage rate of BCG,the first HBV,3 times of HBV,3 times of OPV,3 times of DPT,the first measles vaccine and all five vaccines were 38.6%,68.4%,34.8%,32.6%,38.5%,25.0%,2.4% respectively,while the qualified vaccination times among children aged 12~23 months were 97.1%,99.2%,93.5%,94.4%,92.6%,54.2%,47.7% respectively.There were positive correlations between hospital delivery rate (HDR) and coverage rate of BCG within 24 h as well as between HDR and coverage rate of the first HBV within 24 h.However,there were still gaps between HDR and the two coverage rates above. Conclusions Timely vaccination was at a low level in these areas.Immunization status still remains to be improved among hospital-born children.

Association between obesity and blood pressure,vital capacity among children aged 7~12 years old in Weihua primary school in Zhangjiakou

XU Yun-peng,WANG Wen-dong,QI Wen-feng,CHANG Xiao-tong

2013, 21(8):  799-801. 

Asbtract ( )   PDF (450KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To investigate the prevalence of overweight and obesity among children aged 7~12 years old in Weihua primary school in Zhangjiakou,and analyze their relationships between obesity and blood pressure,vital capacity. Methods In September 2012,1 530 children aged 7~12 years old were involved by a cluster sampling method in Weihua primary school in Zhangjiakou.The weight,height,blood pressure,vital capacity,and other related indexes were measured,with body mass index (BMI) being calculated.According to the BMI value,the overweight and obese children were defined.The relationships between obesity and blood pressure levels,vital capacity were also analyzed. Results The total prevalence of overweight and obesity in involved children were 13.01% and 14.25%,respectively.Among boys and girls,the prevalences were 17.2% and 8.31% for overweight,while 14.23% and 8.59% for obesity,respectively.Both the prevalences of overweight and obesity in boys were significantly higher than those in girls (P<0.01).The systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) levels were higher in overweight and obese children than those in the normal weight children (P<0.01).The detection rates of high blood pressure among overweight,obesity and normal children were 10.55%,39.95% and 4.85%,respectively,which had a significant difference(P<0.01).When the children's BMI was less than 30,BMI was positively correlated with vital capacity,and when the children's BMI was greater than or equal to 30,BMI was negatively correlated with vital capacity. Conclusions The prevalences of overweight and obesity are high among children in Weihua primary school in Zhangjiakou,and higher prevalence is found in the boys.The SBP and DBP levels of children are increasing continuously following by increasing obesity,and the prevalence of high blood pressure is also increasing from normal weight,overweight to obesity.When children's BMI is greater than or equal to 30,the obesity has already affected lung's function.Results show that overweight and obesity in childhood made the function of heart and lung reduced.Therefore,the prevention and control of obesity is imperative in childhood.

Discussion of clinical diagnostic value of vitamin D deficiency rickets

HUO Ting-zhu,CHEN Jing,YANG Yao,WU Kang-min

2013, 21(8):  802-805. 

Asbtract ( )   PDF (487KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To investigate the diagnostic values of vitamin D deficiency rickets,including serum 25-(OH)D₃,bone alkalinity phosphatase(BALP),total calcium and so on. Methods A total of 1 190 children were tested and investigated aged 0~4 years old.Part of them were randomly selected to check BALP,25-(OH)D₃,total calcium,phosphorus,alkalinity phosphatase,bone mineral density(BMD) and taken X-ray. Results Serum 25-(OH)D₃ in rickets was significantly lower than the control group,the area of 25-(OH)D₃'s ROC curve is 0.633 (95%CI:0.581~0.684) which was moderate diagnostic.For Xichang crowd,the most appropriate concentration for cutoff point of diagnosing Vitamin D Deficiency is 72.86 nmol/L.Using this cutoff point to diagnose rickets,the sensitivity is 65.35%,and the specificity is 56.02%.Bone density,calcium,phosphorus,alkaline phosphatase,bone alkaline phosphatase can be used as indicators of a variety of inspection rickets secondary screening tool,as their diagnostic are weak.Combine 25-(OH) D₃ and bone alkaline phosphatase to diagnosis early and active phase rickets,the sensitivity increased to 76.67%,and specificity increased to 90.91%.Conclusion Serum 25-(OH)D₃ concentration is a good index for Rickets diagnosis.BALP is more sensitive and specific,which can be used for Vitamin D Deficiency Rickets screen.It clearly indicates we can diagnose better when we combined BALP and 25-(OH)D₃`s results,especially recognizing more patients in their early period or active period.

Investigation and analysis of childhood obesity-related factors

XU Er-di,YIN Chun-yan,CHANG Ming,XIAO Yan-feng

2013, 21(8):  806-808. 

Asbtract ( )   PDF (459KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To investigate the obesity-related factors in the school-age children,and to provide a basis for proposed preventing and interfering measures. Methods Among the children with simple obesity,who were present at the pediatric growth and development clinic in the hospital from 2010 to 2011,86 (male 50,female 36) were randomly selected at the age of 7 to 18 years old,averaged 14 years old.Questionnaires were used in the 1∶1 matched case-control study,including such obesity-related factors as genetic factors,early feeding,dietary behaviors,learning and sporting and family environment.The obtained data were analyzed by univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analyses. Results It was shown in the Logistic regression analyses that the obesity-related risk factors in the school-age children included fast eating,liking to eat snacks and more family numbers with diabetes,and anti-obesity factors cover sporting and working mother. Conclusions As the high-risk factors identified in the study,both poor eating habits and family history of diabetes cause increased risk of obesity.This suggests that for the children at high risk due to family history of diabetes,special attention should be paid to dietary patterns and serious efforts taken to develop good eating habits and reduce exposure to such risk factors,in order to prevent the children from suffering from obesity.

Current status of 2 055 migrant infants and young children feeding practices

HU Shi-yun,TAN Hui,GUO Su-fang,WU Jian-mei,PAN Xu-hong,JIANG Hong,PENG Ai-ping,DAI Yue,QIAN Xu

2013, 21(8):  809-811. 

Asbtract ( )   PDF (478KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To understand current situation of infants and young children feeding(IYCF) practice among internal migrants in study areas of China and to explore the existing problem on IYCF. Methods A cross-sectional study with two-stage cluster sampling method was conducted,and totally 2 055 caregivers of children under 2 years old from two districts with high density of immigrants of Guangdong province and Zhejiang province were selected to investigate their feeding practice with standard questionnaire designed by UNICEF.8 indicators listed in the WHO document "Indicators for assessing infant and young child feeding practice" were described and analyzed. Results A total of 8 indicators among migrant children in study areas were:early initiation of breastfeeding 18.0%,exclusive breastfeeding under 6 months 13.6 %,continued breastfeeding at 1 year old 17.0%,continued breastfeeding at 2 years old 5.2%,introduction of solid,semi-solid or soft foods 81.1%,minimum dietary diversity 53.9%,minimum meal frequency 26.9%,minimum acceptable diet 16.9%. Conclusions Indicators IYCF including breastfeeding and complementary feeding practice among migrants in study areas are poorer than those from rural areas of middle and western China.Our study suggests health promotion targeted IYCF and utilization of child health care of migrant children should be improved in inflow areas.

Clinical significance of food intolerance-specific IgG antibody detection in neonates

GAO Sha-sha,YU Sheng-lin,BAO Li-li

2013, 21(8):  812-814. 

Asbtract ( )   PDF (426KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To ascertain the significance of food intolerance-specific IgG antibody detection and suspicious risk factors of food intolerance in neonates. Methods The food intolerance-specific IgG antibodies in serum were measured by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbnent Assay (ELISA) in 60 neonates who were considered to be food intolerance(especially cow's milk) and in 60 control neonates,analyzed the influential factors of IgG results by Logistic regression models. Results 93.3% of patients appeared positive results in different food IgG antibodies;In the single factor analysis,3 indexes were obviously significant (P<0.05) and 2 of them were also significant in the multi-factor stepwise regression analysis (P<0.05);There were no relationships between the sex,delivery ways,gestational age,smoking during pregnancy and the result of IgG results. Conclusions Neonates can show a series of food intolerance symptoms in the neonatal period and specific IgG antibody detection has higher positive rate.The results indicate that family history of atopic diseases was the risk factor of specific IgG positive result,while breast feeding was protective.Raising awareness for food intolerance of neonates,and intervention should be given to avoid a serious effect on growth as early as possible.

Effect on perinatal high energy diet on lipid metabolism in childhood

WANG Ling,LIU Ying,WANG Meng-meng,WEI Teng-da,ZHANG Hui

2013, 21(8):  815-816. 

Asbtract ( )   PDF (312KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To explore the effect of perinatal high energy on lipid metabolism in SD rat offspring. Methods A total of 15 pregnant SD rats were divided randomly into control group,high fat group and high fat and high carbohydrate group,which were fed with lab chow,high fat diet(containing 20% of lard) and high fat and high carbohydrate diet(containing 20% of lard and 20% of sucrose) respectively.The pups of 4 weeks old were killed,and their body weight,the mass of liver and visceral fat and the levels of plasma TC,TG,HDL and leptin were determined. Results With aspects of body weight,the mass of liver and visceral fat,the data of high fat group(90.05±6.71),(3.73±0.18) and (0.41±0.12)g and high fat and high carbohydrate(89.82±5.08),(3.82±0.27) and (0.41±0.13)g were higher than those of control group(70.60±17.30),(2.87±0.83) and (0.22±0.07)g (P＜0.05);The level of plasma TC of high fat and high carbohydrate(1.72±0.10) was higher than that of high fat group(0.9±0.33) and control group(0.8±0.3)(P＜0.05);The levels of plasma TG of high fat group (0.83±0.54) and high fat and high carbohydrate group(1.02±0.22) were higer than that of control group(0.45±0.21)(P＜0.05);The level of plasma HDL and leptin of high fat group(0.23±0.08),(1.16±0.06) and high fat and high carbohydrate group(0.26±0.09),(1.15±0.04) were higher than those of control group(0.50±0.03),(1.26±0.08)(P＜0.05).Conclusion Perinatal high energy leads lipid dysfunction including obesity,disorder of plasma lipid,decline of plasma leptin and so on.

Influence of extrinsic estrogen estradiol benzoate on the reproductive system of prepubertal male rats

JI Jia-fen,LI Hui-li,YANG Pei-pei,ZHAO Yue-hua,LIU Chang-yun

2013, 21(8):  817-819. 

Asbtract ( )   PDF (464KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To observe the influence of extrinsic estrogen on the reproductive system of prepubertal male rats. Methods A total of 45 rats were randomly divided into high dose group,low dose group and control group.E2B was administered through gastric tube in male rats with 15 000 μg/kg,15 μg/kg,0 μg/kg,dose respectively.One time every two days,after three weeks,normal breeding to ninth weeks,then put to death and draw materials,and measured corresponding index. Results Compared with control group,T concentration of low dose decreased(P<0.05),but FSH,LH and E2 concentration increased,the differences were statistically significant (P<0.01).Four kinds of hormone of high dose changed more apparent(P<0.01).In two experimental group,the differences of T,FSH,LH and E2 concentration had statistical significances (P<0.05).The testicular reproductive small tube and AGD of two experimental group were both abnormal changed,but changes in high dose group were more obvious than those in low group.Conclusion EES can change the normal serum sex hormone levels and reproductive small tube of preadolescence male rats.

Effect of lactase activity and intestinal microflora on infant's weight gain

YAN Yin-mei,ZHANG Yan,YAN Yu-jing,TANG Hua,BAI Ling,LU Chun,WANG Ke

2013, 21(8):  834-836. 

Asbtract ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To investigate the effect of lactase activity and intestinal microflora on infant's weight gain,and the change of weight increasing rate after lactase and probiotics therapy. Methods From 2011 June to 2012 August,97 cases of infants (52 males,45 females) under 42 days were randomly collected from outpatients section.The experimental group were 58 cases of frail infants (33 males,25 females) whose weight increase in the first month of birth were less than 600 g; The control group were 32 cases of normal infants (19 males,13 females) volunteered by parents.They were given urinary galactose and fecal intestinal flora test.The experimental group was given the lactase and probiotics treatment and their weight increase were observed one month later. Results The positive rate of urinary galactose test for experimental group was much higher than control group (P<0.005) and intestinal flora showed disorder (P<0.01),indicating that experimental group had low lactase activity and intestinal flora disturbance.After a month of therapy,all the infants in experimental group had intestinal flora>10∶1,and the increase of weight had no significant difference with control group (P>0.05).This was the evidence of their recovery of intestinal function and their rates of weight increase keep up with the control group.Therefore,the therapy of treating frail infants with lactase and double probiotics was proved to be effective. Conclusions One of the reasons of low weight increase rate of frail infants is the low lactase activity and intestinal flora imbalance.It is effective to supple lactase and probiotics.

Study on vitamin D nutritional status among 25 295 children in Guangzhou area in 2012

LIN Tao,CHEN Huan-hui,CHEN Yi,ZHU Bing,LIU Xiao-min,ZHAO Ming-qi,LIAN Guang-wan

2013, 21(8):  836-839. 

Asbtract ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To analyze vitamin D nutritional status among 25 295 children in Guangzhou area and investigate its correlation with age and season. Methods The serum samples of healthy children from Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center in 2012 were tested.Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D[25-(OH)D] concentration was determined by ELISA kits.Serum Vitamin D status was classified into 3 groups according to its serum 25-(OH)D levels,severe deficiency(<12.5 nmol/L),deficiency(12.5~37.5 nmol/L) and insufficiency(37.5~50.0 nmol/L).Statistical analysis were done with SPSS 17.0 software. Results Totally,25 295 children samples were detected in 2012.The average serum 25-(OH)D concentration was 72.41 nmol/L.No significant correlation was found between the serum 25-(OH)D concentration and gender.Severe deficiency case was not found.The vitamin D concentration <50 nmol/L was 13.22%.The 25-(OH)D concentration decreased with age.The lowest concentration of vitamin D was found in Jan 2012.Then it increased gradually from Jan.to July,peaking in Aug.and Sep.and slow declined.Meanwhile,he vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency rate was peaking in Jan.and lowest in Sep..Conclusion The vitamin D concentration is lower in autumn and winter.The vitamin D nutritional status of children over 3 years old in Guangzhou is deficiency.

Analysis of allergens among 3~7 years old children with allergic rhinitis in Urumqi

GAO Yue,LIAO Jian-jun,XU Pei-ru

2013, 21(8):  839-842. 

Asbtract ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To analyse the allergens among 3~7 years old children with allergic rhinitis and provide scientific basis for prevention in Urumqi. Method A total of 176 children with allergic rhinitis was recruited for the inhaled reactions and 90 cases of them had the food tests at the same time. Results The total positive rate of the inhaled tests was 99.4% among the 176 cases with allergic rhinitis.The highest positive rate was mites 61.9%.The positive rate of other allergens were:blackbeetle 31.7%,fungi 46.6%,phoenix tree 41.5%,elm 38.1%,dog coat 31.8%,cat coat and ragweed 31.8%,arlemisia 16.5%,scandent hop 11.9%.The total positive rate of the food tests was 84.4% among the 90 cases with allergic rhinitis.The positive rate of wheat and peanut (54.4%) was the highest.The positive rate of heneggs,pea,nut,cow,smilk,crab,tomato,cod fish and shrimp were 50.0%,42.2%,31.1%,23.3%,16.7%,11.1%,8.9%,8.9% respectively.Conclusion The mites is the most common allergen among 3~7 years old children with allergic rhinitis in Urumqi.To carry out disinfection and preventive care in nurseries and kindergartens has an important guiding meaning.

Agreement between general movements assessment and neonatal behavioral neurological assessment in premature.

SONG Guo-ying,MENG Ling-dan,DONG Rong-zhi,MA Liang,LIU Fang,LV Pan-pan

2013, 21(8):  842-844. 

Asbtract ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To study the agreement between general movements assessment during writhing period and neonatal behavioral neurological assessment (NBNA) in evaluating central nervous system development situation of premature. Method A total of 169 premature infants were evaluated with two methods at 2 weeks after term of corrected gestational age. Results For the GMs,119 cases were assessed as normal writhing movement,42 as poor repertoire general movements,8 as cramped-synchronised.For the NBNA,120 cases were≥35 points,49 cases were <35 points.Kappa value=0.710.Conclusion GMs and NBNA have good consistency in the evaluation of the premature infant's central nervous system development.

Clinical studies of recombinant human growth hormone therapy of small for gestational age children with short stature height growth analysis and SGA groups

SHU Xin-xian,LI Hong-wei,XU Xiang-fen,SHI Mei-hua,KONG Wei-xing,LANG Qiao-ying,YING Er-ya

2013, 21(8):  845-847. 

Asbtract ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To investigate the clinical value of small for gestational age (SGA) children with short stature rhGH treatment and the appropriate course of treatment,comparing SGA groups height growth and normal groups differences. Methods A total of 526 children of SGA born from 2000 to 2006 were observed,and 88 cases of SGA children with short stature were divided into treatment group with 34 children and control group with 54 children.rhGH treatment was administered in the treatment group.And the efficacy of height growth during 6 months,1 year,1.5 years,2 years were compared.All of 526 SGA children's height growth were being monitored for two years. Results After two years observed,31 cases (91.2%) of treatment group had an effective catch-up growth,however,only 5 cases (9.3%) of control group had an effective catch-up growth (P<0.01).RhGH efficacy of different treatment period was different (P<0.01).But there was no statistically significant differences (P=0.45) compared with 1.5 years treatment and 2 years treatment.Height growth characteristics of the entire SGA groups,except for the impact of rhGH treatment,most individuals were carried at the growth of the growth curve trajectory height compared to the normal population of the SGA groups obviously partial short. Conclusions RhGH treatment can effectively promote SGA children with short stature accelerated height growth,the treatment costs and benefit were the highest at therapeutic doses days 0.15 U/kg with the 1.5 years treatment.SGA height of the entire group compared to the normal was population obviously partial short,trends was unable to reverse over time after two years of monitoring .

Effect of T-lymphocyte subsets in children with asthmatic disease

ZHOU Wei,JI Wei,YU Jun

2013, 21(8):  848-850. 

Asbtract ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To explore the expression of T-lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood of children with asthmatic disease. Method Flow cytometry (FCM) was applied to measure the expression of T-lymphocytes in children within acute asthma group,asthmatic pneumonia group and healthy control group. Results Percentages of CD3⁺ lymphocytes of acute asthma group and asthmatic pneumonia group were significantly lower than that of healthy control group (P<0.01),with no statistical variance found between acute asthma group and asthmatic pneumonia group (P>0.05).Compared to healthy control group,percentage of CD4⁺ lymphocytes in acute asthma group and asthmatic pneumonia group were significantly higher (P<0.05),with significant differences between asthmatic pneumonia group and healthy control group.Compared with healthy control group,percentages of CD8⁺ lymphocytes was significantly lower than that in acute asthma group and asthmatic pneumonia group (P<0.05),with no significant difference between acute asthma group and asthmatic pneumonia group (P>0.05).CD3^-CD19⁺and CD19⁺CD23⁺ lymphocytes of acute asthma group and asthmatic pneumonia group were markedly increased than those of healthy control group (P<0.05),but variances of these two subsets in exacerbation asthma group and asthmatic pneumonia group were not statistically significance (P>0.05).Conclusion Cellular immunity disorder was involved in the pathogenesis in children with asthma and asthmatic pneumonia.

Impact of prenatal hormones on the full-term child respiratory distress syndrome which was elective cesarean section

QI Feng-feng,WANG Yu-fang,MA Yun-li

2013, 21(8):  851-853. 

Asbtract ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To investigate the effect of elective cesarean section prenatal hormones on the full-term infants respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) incidence and complications. Methods The 2 606 cases of survival of full-term infants born in Huzhou Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital between January,2010 to January,2011.Cases were divided into two groups:dexamethasone was used for a course more than 24 hours before the baby was born as observation group;the other group was the control group without dexamethasone.And the two groups were divided into three groups,depending on gestational age,respectively.which were gestational age 37~37⁺⁶ weeks,gestational age 38~38⁺⁶ weeks,gestational age 39~40 weeks.The different gestationgal age of the incidence of RDS and complications were compared. Result The incidence of RDS in the observation group was significantly lower than the control group,and the incidence in the different gestational was different,and the condition of the observation group was light compared with the control group.Conclusion 37~38 weeks cesarean section prenatal use of hormones is worth promoting.

Prevalence of self-reported food allergy and related factors for infants and young children in southwest of China

WANG Yu,RUI Li,SUN Xiao-hong,HUANG Lu-jiao,PANG Xue-hong,ZENG Guo

2013, 21(8):  853-856. 

Asbtract ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To investigate the prevalence and related factors of self-reported food allergy for infants and young children in southwest China. Methods A cross-sectional study on food allergy was carried out among 3 344 infants and young children aged 6~24 months who were selected from urban and rural of Yunnan,Guizhou and Sichuan provinces by stratified random cluster method.Data on morbidity of self-reported allergy,food allergens and basic informations about both child and their family were collected from a questionnaire through interviewing infants' caregivers.The related factors on food allergy were analyzed by Logistic regression models. Results The morbidity of self-reported food allergy in infants and young children was 9.54%,the difference between urban(13.62%) and rural(5.69%) group was statistically significant (χ²=61.51,P<0.05),and no differences were found in gender and age.The main food allergens were fish and shrimp (34.65%),eggs (29.53%) and fruits (9.45%) in urban,and there were fish and shrimp (30.63%),eggs (27.03%) and dairy (18.02%) in rural.The risk of food allergy for children in cesarean group was higher than that of children in natural delivery group (OR=1.53,P<0.05);Breastfeeding in 4 months after birth related to food allergy.The risk of food allergy in mixed feeding group was higher than that of exclusive breastfeeding group (OR=2.17,P<0.05).The risk of food allergy for infants in breastfeeding with less than 4 months was higher than that of infants in breastfeeding with more than 4 months (OR=1.55,P<0.05). Conclusions The problem should cause our attention that the morbidity of self-reported food allergy in infants and young children is relatively high.Natural delivery and breastfeeding is likely to benefit to prevent food allergy in infants and young children.

Study on allergen in 1 538 eczema of children

LI Jing,LAN Feng-rong,CHEN Ya-qiu,CHEN Yu,ZHAO Li-yuan,SHAO Ping,LI Wei-qin,LENG Jun-hong

2013, 21(8):  856-858. 

Asbtract ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To understand the proportion of allergen in eczema of children for providing foundation for prevention and treatment of eczema. Method Bioresonance technology allergy therapy was used to detect the allergen of eczema in children. Results A total of 1 538 children with eczema were detected,1 272(82.70%) patients,among them had positive food allergen test.653(42.46%) patients had positive inhaled allergen test.504(32.77%) patients had positive allergen test both in food test and inhaled test.Cereal(1 020,66.32%) was the most common allergen in food allergen,followed by milk,egg,sea food,nut,bean,food preservative,beef and lamb;Dust(340,22.11%) was the most common allergen in inhaled allergen,followed by mite,flower,animal fur,mould,waste gas,cigarettes,cooking oil fume.Among different aging groups,there were significant differences in the positive rates between food allergen group and inhaled allergen group(P<0.05).Food allergen was the main allergen in infant eczema,with the growth of the age,inhaled allergen was the main allergen in elder children eczema.Conclusion The inducing factor of eczema can be found out by the detection of allergen,which providing the foundation for the prevention and treatment of eczema.

Correlation between mental health of parents and dietary therapy compliance for children with phenylketonuria

LIU Feng- yan,SHAO Feng

2013, 21(8):  859-861. 

Asbtract ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To analyze the relationship between mental health in parents and dietary treatment for children with phenylketonuria(PKU),in order to find measures of improving compliance with diet therapy. Methods The Symptom Checklist 90(SCL-90),Self-Rating Depression Scale(SDS)and Self-Rating Anxiety Scale(SAS)were used to assess the mental health levels of parents with PKU children among 63 people whose children were diagnosed and treated continuously in neonatal screening center of Taian,and to survey the concentration of phenylalanine,follow-up period during follow-up treatment.Under the investigation on mental health of parents with PKU children,the factor scores were divided into I,II groups,and made general questionnaire.The normal people whose children were checked in child healthcare department were taken as control. Results 1)The mental health levels of parents with PKU children were significantly lower than those of control group(t＞2.78,P＜0.01,except fear and interpersonal sensitivity factors).2)The mental health levels of parents with PKU children in group Ⅰ were significantly lower than those of Ⅱ(χ²>4.084,P<0.01,except fear factor).3)The control to concentration of phenylalanine in group I was better than that of II (χ²=29.866,P＜0.01),follow-up period was shorter(t=3.535,P＜0.01),this showed a good diet treatment compliance;4)There were significant differences in the educational level and the knowledge level about disease between group I and group II(χ²=13.445,9.718,P＜0.01).Conclusion The partents with lower mental health has better dietary treatment compliance,the compliance relates to parents' income,the educational level and the knowledge level.The parents are the key to imporve dietary treatment compliance and make normal development of intelligence

Clinical analysis of 240 children with severe cerebral palsy

LIU Wei-peng,QU Su-qing,LUAN Zuo

2013, 21(8):  862-864. 

Asbtract ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective In terms of clinical features as a comprehensive observation and analysis of children with severe cerebral palsy(CP),to determine the efficacy of the results and better prevention. Methods A total of 240 severe CP children were examined by perinatal history,history of growth and development,symptom,signs,imaging studies,electroencephalogram,and Gross Motor Function Measure(GMFM),Peabody Developmental Motor Scale-Fine Scale (PDMS-FM),to detect the clinical features. Result Among the 240 cases of CP,103 cases (42.9%) with spastic type CP,81 cases (33.8%) with dyskinetic type,49 cases(20.4%) with mixed type,7 cases (2.9%) with hypotonia type ,gross motor function classification were than grade Ⅳ;the main risk factors for preterm delivery (37.9%),intrauterine hypoxia (20.4%),neonatal jaundice (15.8%);90% cases with mental retardation,44% cases with visual impairment,8.3% cases with hearing impairment,27.1% cases with symptomatic epilepsy,42.9% patients with swallowing dysfunction lead to malnutrition;brain morphological damage reduced to white matter volume,myelination delay,periventricular leukomalacia,multiple brain softening,cerebral dysplasia,basal ganglia lesions.Conclusion The pathogenic factors of severe cerebral palsy are complex and diversiform;severe CP patients' motor function is severely restricted;with even multiple concurrent disorders.To know these disease risk factors and complications of damage could help us to prevent and treat severe CP better.

Importance of stunting's early childhood intervention

CEN Xue-song,CEN Dong-mei,ZHAO Lu

2013, 21(8):  865-867. 

Asbtract ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To investigate the importance of stunting's early childhood intervention. Methods According to 3-month-old babies detected parents of voluntary principles were divided into two groups,the intervention group:a total of 71 cases,including 36 cases of premature babies in intervention group 1,full-term 35 cases in the intervention group 2,using of early integrated application,listen to stimulate,baby gymnastics,massage,swimming,sports intervention training,feeding guidance.Gesell scale assessments were carried before the intervention,after the intervention of a month,three months,five months respectively.As a control group who did not receive intervention training (a total of 62 cases,including 30 cases of premature babies in control group Ⅰ,32 full-term patients in control group Ⅱ). Results Assessment after the intervention of 1 month,3 months,5 months ,intervention Ⅰ group compared with the control group Ⅰ,height increased by 0.6,0.9 and 1.3 cm,respectively (P<0.05);Body weight,an increase of 0.62 0.70 and 0.76 kg respectively (P<0.05),DQ average growth 5,9 and 12 respectively (P<0.05).Intervention group Ⅱ compared with the control group Ⅱ,height increased by 0.5,0.9,1.5 cm (P<0.05),weight growth 0.59,0.74,0.80 kg (P<0.05),respectively;DQ average growth 4,7,10 (P<0.05).Conclusion The integrated early intervention can promote stunting children's physical,movement,behavior and psychological development.

Health trend analysis of scattered 0~6-year-old children in Xicheng district of Beijing from 2006 to 2012

SONG Qin-su

2013, 21(8):  867-869. 

Asbtract ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To understand the health trend of scattered 0~6-year-old children in Xicheng district of Beijing during 2006 to 2012. Methods Based on systematic physical examination of 0~6-year-old children's height,weigh and hemoglobin level,accordina to weight and height evaluation criteria recommended by WHO and analyzed the health status of scattered children for the past 7 years. Results Malnutrition prevalence of scattered 0~6-year-old children had basically for the past 7 years in this region.Prevalence of childhood obesity among <3-year-old children increased year by year,and since 2008,<3-year-old children had shown a significantly higher prevalence of childhood obesity than 3~6-year-old children.The prevalence of anemia among 0~6-year-old children in the region increased year by year and <3-year-old children had shown a significantly higher prevalence of anemia than 3~6-year-old children. Conclusions The prevention and control of children's nutritional anemia needs to be emphasized in children's health-care work,and more effort needs to be made to monitor and manage anemia among <3-year-old children.The prevention of childhood obesity should start as soon as a child is born.

Investigation on serum vitamin D levels in preterm infants and their mothers knowledge of vitamin D

ZHANG Li-ping,YAN Rui-xia,SUN Yu-min,REN Jian-li,YU Cai-xia

2013, 21(8):  870-872. 

Asbtract ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To study the serum vitamin D levels in preterm infants and the influencing factors of the vitamin D and calcium intakes of maternal in Cangzhou. Methods The 158 preterm infants from Cangzhou People's Hospital were selected in the study,serum 25-(OH)D in preterm infants was measured by ELISA.The nutrition knowledges of pregnant women on vitamin D were investigated by using a self-designed questionnaire. Results It was high prevalence of moderately severe vitamin D deficiency in preterm infants.The proportion of vitamin D deficiency was 97.4%.It was related to the nutrition knowledge and vitamin D intakes of pregnant women.Only 6.9% of pregnant women took in the calcium with vitamin D,without the rule.Intakes of vitamin D did not meet the requirements of the Chinese Nutrition Society recommended intake of pregnant women.Conclusion Clinical staff should strengthen health education on maternal,to recognize the importance of reasonable supplement of vitamin D.

Clinical alysis of misdiagnosed antibiotics encephalophy caused by over dose antibiotics in children

GU Jia-fu,HUANG Wei-hua,YANG Xiao-feng

2013, 21(8):  872-875. 

Asbtract ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To explore antibiotics encephalopathy clinical features in pediatric patients caused by overdose antibiotic applications and with clinical differential viral encephalitis. Methods Using HIS system to retrieve and access to medical records,a review of a hospital clinical diagnosis from January 20,2009 to 2011 June 20 collected 504 cases of children with viral encephalitis,records the history of clinical use of drugs in children,disease,and evolution of clinical test results,and analysed the children antibiotics encephalopathy clinical features and children with viral encephalitis identify. Results The children antibiotics encephalopathy was directly related to overdose use of antibiotics,clinical manifestations of vomiting,unconsciousness,convulsions,diarrhea,meningeal irritation,laboratory tests,pathogenic examination and brain imaging tests were negative cerebrospinal fluid pressure,white blood cell count (>200),procalcitonin (PCT) were lower compared with viral encephalitis.Data of the two groups of children were statistically significant differences (P<0.05). Conclusions Children overdose antibiotics encephalopathy is direct,strictly adhere to the indications for the use of antibiotics,type and dosage are the keys to prevention;fully understand children with antibiotics combined with laboratory tests,pathogenic examination and imaging tests of the brain tissue are reliable basis for identification of viral encephalitis.

Analysis of monitoring results of death for the children under 5 years old in Tongling

FANG Hong-ying,ZHU Li-li,GAO Hong-qiong

2013, 21(8):  878-880. 

Asbtract ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To know the current death situation and the change of children under 5 years old in Tongling city and explore the feasibility of intervention measures. Method A retrospective investigation method was used to analyze the monitoring data of death of children under 5 years old from 2006 to 2012. Results During the 7 years,in neonates,infants and children under 5 years old,the average mortality rates were 3.26 ‰,5.17 ‰ and 7.07 ‰,respectively.Infant deaths accounted 73.08% for the death number of children under 5 years old.Congenital anomaly,various types of accidents,preterm delivery and low birth weight were the main cause of death in children under 5 years old. Conclusions The key to reduce the death rate of children under 5 years old is to reduce the death of infant and neonates.To improve the quality of perinatal health care and obstetric quality,take birth defect intervention,strengthen health education,improve safety awareness,the popularity of simple and effective emergency rescue technology are effective measures to reduce the mortality of children under 5 years old.

Astigmatism distribution characters of age and relationship with meridian amblyopia in children

DENG Min,XU Jiang-tao,MA Yan-ling,SUN Qing,HAO Yu-xing.

2013, 21(8):  880-882. 

Asbtract ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To investigate the relationship of ≥1.00DC astigmatism and meridian amblyopia in 4~8 years old children. Method A total of 1 005 out-patients (1 910 eyes) were analyzed which regular astigmatism degree ≥1.00DC by retinoscopy under cycloplegia. Results There were 1 636 eyes(85.7%) of different astigmatism in 4~6 years old children,and 274 eyes(14.3%) in 7~8 years old children.Compound hyperopic astigmatism(53.2%)was the most astigmatism type,and then mixed astigmatism (29.4%).There was significant difference in astigmatism constituent ratio(χ²=134.52,P<0.05)in different ages.There were 1 796 eyes(92.4%) with amblyopia cause by asitgmatism,mild amoblypia shared of big part (69.3%),and moderate amblypia was in the minority (23.1%).Only 3 eyes were severe amblyopia.There was significant difference in astigmatism degree and best corrected visual acuity(χ²=362.732,P<0.05). Conclusions Mild and moderate amblyopia are easy to occur and become the main components in children while astigmatism degree ≥1.00DC.There are different distributions of astigmatism type in children.The main type is compound hyperopic astigmatism and then is mixed astigmatism.With the increasing astigmatism degree,best corrected visual acuity has been falling.The most important period of astigmatism screening and optical correction is pre-school.

Survey on the status and influencing factors of myopia in Baotou primary school pupils

HAO Guang-yu,WANG Ying

2013, 21(8):  883-885. 

Asbtract ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To investigate the present status and the possible influencing factors of myopia in Baotou primary school pupils,and provide basic data for working out health care policies. Method Logistic regression model was uesd to screen the possible influencing factors of myopia. Results The incidence of myopia in Baotou primary school pupils was 24.86% with 23.07% in boys and 26.71% in girls.Eleven factors were found to be significantly associated with myopia by logistic regression analysis. Conclusions The investigation suggests that the incidence of myopia in Baotou primary school pupils has reached a higher level.Whether at home or at school,there are many problems in their visual environments.Workable measures should be taken to reduce the incidence of myopia in the primary school pupils.

Analysis of the 0 to 6 years old children's refraction

FENG Jing-jing,LI Dong,CHEN Wei,QU Dong-yi

2013, 21(8):  885-887. 

Asbtract ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To investigate the current situation of 0 to 6 years old children's refraction,and provide information for detecting refrangibility. Methods A total of 17 356 children aged from 0 to 6 years old were examined with Suresight hand-held refractometer.The data were ananlysed statistically. Results Compound hypermetropia astigmatism and simple hypermetropia were predominant in the reflection types in 0~6 years old children.Hypermetropia and compound hypermetropia astigmatism decreased with the age increase(P<0.01).Emmetropia,myopia,simple myopia increased with the age increase(P<0.01).The spherical diaopter and the cylinder diopter decreased with the age increase.The reference ranges of all aged groups were gained. Conclusions It is necessary to check the 0~6 years old children's refraction.Much attention should be paid attention to detecting refrangibility and the age factor to prevent overdiagnosis.

Research on nutritional status of 0~6 years old children in Dongcheng district from 2007 to 2011 in Beijing

WANG PEI-hua,SUN Si-wei,LIU Bao-hua

2013, 21(8):  888-890. 

Asbtract ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To explore the change trend of 0~6 years old scattered children's nutritional status in 2007-2011 of Beijing Dongcheng district and to take corresponding measures to improve the nutritional status of children. Method Analysing the scattered children's health status form 2007 to 2011 year in Dongcheng district and testing the change trend of nutrition index of scattered children along with time by SPSS trend χ² test. Results The child malnutrition (low body weight,growth retardation,weight loss) prevalence rate of 3~6 years old children's was higher than of 0~2 years old; showing a declining trend year by year (P< 0.05).The prevalence of anemia in children was mainly to mild anemia,the obesity rate was between 3.08% and 3.89%;the prevalence rate of anemia,obesity of 0~2 years old children was more than of 3~6 years old.The prevalence of anemia and obesity did not show a downward trend (P>0.05).Conclusion The nutritional status of children in the region is good,the malnutrition prevalence rate of scattered children showed a drop tendency,should focus on Intervening the 0~2 years old children's anemia and obesity,adopting comprehensive prevention and control measures.

Analysis of related factors of helicobacter pylori infections in 864 children in Lanzhou

XU Xiao-hong,JIANG Cheng-peng,LIU Dong-hai,WANG Bao-lin,CHAO Rong

2013, 21(8):  892-893. 

Asbtract ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To analyze the related factors of helicobacter pylori(Hp) infections in children,and provide theory basis for prevention. Methods A total of 864 cases,aged 2 to 15 years old outpatient or hospitalized children with gastrointestinal symptoms in May 2007-May 2011,received the study of Hp infection assure R rapid serological screening positive for Hp stool antigen determination. Results Hp infection rate for children aged 2~15 in Lanzhou was 30.4%,the percentages of infection for male and female were 29.9% and 30.9%,respectively.There had an irregular increasing trend of Hp infection rate with the increasing of age,and the group aged 13~15 showed the highest infection rate.Hp infection rate of children whose parents had a history of gastroduodenal diseases was significantly higher than children whose parents without a history of gastroduodenal diseases.There had statistical differences.Hp infection in children in urban and rural had significant differences. Conclusions Hp infection rates for children aged 2~15 are at the higher level,and there are no difference between girls and boys.Hp infection was irregular increasing with the increasing of age.Family aggregation of Hp infection was shown in this study.

Rehabilitative functions of visual aids to low vision children

ZHU Wen-hui,LIAO Rui-duan,ZHOU Jian-hua,LIN Xian-xuan,FANG Yi-jun,CHEN Yong-chong

2013, 21(8):  894-896. 

Asbtract ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To investigate the visual rehabilitation of 6~14-years old low vision children after refraction correction and using visual aids. Methods 86 cases (172 eyes) of low vision patients aged 6~14 years old were recruited.All of them received refraction correction and visual aids after optometry combining retinoscopy. Results The refractive error of 6~14 years old low vision children was mainly high-degree myopia.After refraction correction,27.4% had enhanced visual acuity.After using visual aids,81.4% had visual acuity improvement,and 58.3% became non-disabled.Comparing grade I and grade II low vision children,the latter had higher ratio of becoming non-disabled(P<0.01). Conclusions Refraction correction and using visual aids are both positively helpful in rehabilitation and using visual aids has a better rehabilitative effect.Low vision children with better the residual visual acuity have more ideal visual rehabilitation.