Chinese Journal of Child Health Care

Mutation and copy number variation analyses of FOXP1 gene in autistic children of nuclear family.

YANG Cao-hua,DU Ya-song,LIU Wen-wen,ZHANG Lin-na,WANG Hong-yan,GONG Xiao-hong.

2013, 21(6): 567-570.

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Objective To study the transcription factor FOXP1 exon in the Han Chinese children with autism nuclear families,and finish the initial function prediction. Methods The gene sequencing in FOXP1 exon regions of 288 cases of children with autism and their biological parents were conducted to detect the copy number variation (CNV) of FOXP1.The POLYPHEN and SIFT software were used to do the function prediction. Results In 4 patients,four missense mutations were found in FOXP1 exon region,P42S,H53Q,L68R,and M590V.And there were the negative results in the detection of copy number variation.After the function prediction,the four rare mutations might not have an important impact on the protein. Conclusion In the Han Chinese population,the FOXP1 gene may not be one of the important autism disease-causing genes.

Family-based association study of the TSC1,TSC2 genes polymorphisms in children with autism.

LIU Yi,ZHANG Yan-xia,YU Shun-ying,DU Ya-song.

2013, 21(6): 571-574.

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Objective To explore the characteristics of TSC1 and TSC2 genes polymorphisms in children with autism. Methods Eight tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped inTSC1 and TSC2 genes,from 97 autistic trios using SNaPshot technique.Single SNP haplotype association analysis were performed using the family-based association test (FBAT) and Haploview software. Resluts 1)In a family-based association test,two SNPs showed significant associations with autism (rs1050700 A:Z=2.708,P=0.006769;rs2074968 G:Z=3.244,P=0.001180).After the FDR correction,they all remained significant.2) Haplotype association analysis showed that three haplotypes,G-C(rs2074968-rs2072314),A-C( rs3761840-rs2809244),C-C(rs2074968-rs2072314)displayed the significant associations with autism. Conclusions The SNPs of TSC1 and TSC2 genes might be the susceptive genes in autism.It suggested that these genes polymorphisms might play the important roles in the pathogenesis of autism.

Study on parental awareness of the symptoms and the influencing factors of severity.

LIU Wen-wen,YANG Cao-hua,ZHANG Lin-na,LI Yan,JIANG Wen-qing,DU Ya-song.

2013, 21(6): 575-577.

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Objective To investigate the cognition of parents in the different symptoms of children with autism and the influencing factors which affected the severity of the symptoms. Methods The self-designed general condition questionnaire was used to collect the general informations of autism which was diagnosed by attending doctor or to the superior,chi-square test was used to all of relevant factors,then the positive results were analyzed by the multivariate logistic regression analysis.The parents were guided to fill in the DSM-IV diagnostic criteria,ABC scale,CARS scale. Results The parents and professionals had different cognitions in the understanding of autism symptoms.Especially the typical defect of language and communication was the most concern for parents.Children with autism tended to be heavier in the symptoms who had the characteristics included female,low education level of parents,neonatal asphyxia and cesarean section,character of sensitivity and eccentric and irritability,attachment type of indifferent and chaos,the longer time interval from finding symptoms to seek treatment (P<0.05). Conclusions It is better to strengthen parental understanding of autism symptoms actively,and increase the opportunity for children with autism to integrate into society through early detection,early diagnosis,early treatment.

Study on central auditory processing characteristics in autism spectrum disorder and developmental language delayed children.

LIANG Chun,HONG Qi,LUO Xiao-xing,JIANG Tao-tao,GAO Yan,YAO Xiao-fang,ZHUO Xiu-hui,LU Guang-jin.

2013, 21(6): 578-580.

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Objective To investigate and characterize the relationship of brainstem auditory evoked potential changes between the autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and the developmental language delayed (DLD) disorder in young children. Methods Absolute latencies of waves I,III,V,and interpeak latencies(IPLs)of I to III,I to V,and III to V in Brainstem Auditory Evoked Potentials(BAEP)in the ASD group and the DLD group were compared.Either group enrolled 20 children. Results In comparison with normal children,IPLs of I to III and I to V in both ASD group and DLD group were significantly prolonged.However,there were no significant differences between two groups. Conclusion These two disorders might share the same pathological mechanism in the auditory disorder.

Study on nutritional status survey of children with autism.

SUN Cai-hong,LI Nan-nan,ZHAO Dong,XIA Wei.

2013, 21(6): 581-583.

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Objective To compare the nutritional status of children with autism and typically developing children. Methods A total of 53 children with autism and 53 typically developing children were enrolled in this study.The parents of the participated children were asked to provide a three-day food diary that was used to assess the nutritional intakes.Biochemical assessment and anthropometry were also completed for all the subjects. Results The levels of vitamins A and B6,zinc,and calcium intakes were <80% of the dietary reference intakes in both groups.In addition,the proportions of vitamin C and calcium intake deficiencies in the autism group were significantly higher than those in the control group.Serum zinc levels were less than the normal reference range in both groups.Serum calcium and folate levels in children with autism were significantly lower compared with those in children without autism.According to physical assessment,ZWA,ZBMIA and BMI of children with autism,and ZWH of autistic children under 6 years old were significantly higher than those of the typically developing children. Conclusion Inadequate nutritional status was observed in children with autism and typically developing children in China,but the nutritional deficiency in children with autism is worse,especially for calcium,zinc,vitamin C and folic acid.

Study on the relationship between left-behind adolescents' life events and health quality in Jilin Province.

JIN Ying-hua,GU-Yan,ZHAO Hong-ji,SHI Sha-sha,ZHANG Meng-yu,CUI Wen-xiang.

2013, 21(6): 584-586.

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Objective To explore the situation and relation between left-behind adolescents' life events and health quality,and provide scientific basis for the left-behind adolescent health quality promotion strategy. Method 825 left-behind adolescents had completed the multidimensional life events rating questionnaire and the multidimensional sub-health questionnaire of adolescents. Results Left-behind adolescents' major life events were from family life,healthy growth and school life.Left-behind adolescents' health quality was related with such factors as gender,residence,whether they were the only children,father's education,guardian's education,contact frequency between parents and children,parent-child relationship,the relationship between teachers and students,the partnership and the academic record.The study showed there was a positive correlation between life events and health quality.The dimensions of life events which had a significant effect on the left-behind adolescent's health quality were healthy growth,the parent-child relationship and the partnership (P<0.001). Conclusion Left-behind adolescents' healthy quality is influenced by the facing life events,therefore,the ability to deal with all kinds of life events and pressures should be cultivated among these left-behind adolescents.

Study on emotional and behavioral problems among the high school students with suicidal ideation and their relations with family environment.

CHEN Jie,LIU Jin-tong,WANG Yang,YANG Ying,ZHANG Yan.

2013, 21(6): 587-590.

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Objective To investigate the emotional and behavioral problems and their relations with family environment. Method A total of 1 577 high school students were investigated using Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ),Family Environment Scale (FES-CV) and Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation-Chinese Version (BSI-CV). Results 18.90% (n=298) of the participants reported suicidal ideation,and 22.82% (n=68) of the students with suicidal ideation had emotional and behavioral problems.The scores of SDQ on difficult problems,emotional problems,conduct problems,hyperactivity and peer interactions of the suicidal ideation group were higher than those of the non-suicidal ideation group(P＜0.01),and the scores of pro-social behavior of the suicidal ideation group were lower than those of the non-suicidal ideation group(P＜0.01),In the suicidal ideation group,girls got significantly higher scores than boys at emotional problems (P＜0.01);senior two students had significantly higher scores than senior one students at peer interactions (P＜0.05).The regression analysis showed that the such factors as cohesion,conflict,organization and control could affect the emotional and behavioral problems of the high school students with suicidal ideation. Conclusion The prevalence of emotional and behavioral problems are common among the high school students with suicidal ideation and the family environment plays an important role.

Intergeneration transmission of attachment and the stability from infancy to toddler age.

DING Yan-hua,XU Xiu,WANG Zheng-yan,LI Hui-rong,WANG Wei-ping.

2013, 21(6): 591-593.

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Objective To investigate the intergeneration transmission of attachment between mothers and infants and the stability from infancy to toddler age. Methods The subjects included 160 healthy infant-mother dyads.Infant-mother attachment was assessed with Ainsworth's strange situation strategy;118 infant-mother dyads were followed up in toddler age around 3 years:each mother's attachment to her own mother was assessed with Adult Attachment Interview Questionnaire (AAIQ),while each toddler's attachment was assessed with Attachment Behavior Q-set (ASQ). Results 1) 63.6% of mothers' attachment patterns were consistent with their infants' attachment patterns;The consistency between a secure mother and a secure infant was relatively high,which was 86.2%.2) Of the 118 toddlers,64.4% were rated as securely attached and 35.6% as insecurely attached.The consistency of both secure and insecure attachment from infancy to toddler age was high,which approached to 89.7% and 85.0%,respectively(χ²=0.569,P>0.05). Conclusions 1)There exists intergeneration transmission of attachment between mothers and infants,especially,a secure mother highly predicts a secure infant;2) The security of attachment keeps highly consistent and stable from infancy to toddler age.

Investigation of life quality in children with obstructive sleep disorders before and after adenotonsillectomy.

LIU Dan.

2013, 21(6): 594-596.

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Objective To evaluate the improvement in quality of life(QOL)for children before and after adenoidectomy and tonsillectomy. Method In a prospective controlled trial,questionnaire of disease-specific quality of life for children with obstructive sleep apnea 18 items survey(OSA-18) was used to evaluate QOL in 61 children with obstructive sleep apnea hypoprea syndrome (OSAHS) diagnosed by polysomnography (PSG) before and after surgical operation. Result OSA-18 investigation showed,the 18 items and 5 items in additional sleep problem had been markedly improved within 3~6 months after surgery. Conclusions The clinical symptoms of children with OSAHS diagnosed by PSG within 3~6months after surgery have been evidently improved,also quality of life markedly improved.Adenotonsillectomy can greatly improve the quality of life of children with OSAHS.OSA-18 can be valuable assessment tool in clinical diagnosis and treatment follow up.

Effects evaluation of nutrition intervention on rural boarding school students in Shaanxi.

MENG Li-ping,ZHANG Qian,HU Xiao-qi,PAN Hui,LIU Ai-ling,HAO Li-nan,ZHAO Jing,MA Guan-sheng.

2013, 21(6): 597-599.

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Objective To evaluate the effects of nutrition intervention on rural boarding school students in two counties in Shaanxi province. Methods Two intervention towns and one economy-matched control town in Chunhua and Yulin county,Shaanxi province were selected,respectively.One middle school and one primary school were further selected in each town.One academic year comprehensive nutrition intervention was implemented in intervention schools. Results There were no significant differences of the energy,protein,fat and carbohydrate intake between the intervention group and the control group.Protein percentage of energy was 12.4%,significantly higher than that in control group(11.8%).Vitamin A,Ca,K and Zn intakes were significantly higher than those in control group.There were no significant differences of the average HAZ and BAZ between the intervention group and the contorl group except boys with 7~9 years old and girls with 12~15 years old.However,the prevalences of severe and moderate low-weight were significantly lower in the intervention group than those in the control group.Serum vitamin B₁₂ level in the intervention group (778.5 ng/L) was significantly higher than that in the control group(654.4 ng/L). Conclusion Nutrition intervention can improve the dietary nutrients status,decrease the prevalence of the severe and moderate low-weight,and improve the blood micronutrients levels of the students in rural boarding schools.

Constituent ratio of children entering school at different age bracket among children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

MA Jun.

2013, 21(6): 600-603.

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Objectives To explore the difference of the constituent ratio between children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) entering the primary school at the different age. Methods The constituent ratio by grades among the primary school children with ADHD was calculated with the three categories of school entrance age:from 6 years to 6 years and 5 months,from 6 years and 6 month to 6 years and 11 months,7 years and above.Pearson's chi-square test was used to examine whether the difference of the constituent ratio existed between thress categories.The change of the constituent ratio with increasing grade was observed. Results There was significant statistical difference of the constituent ratio between three categories children with ADHD during 1 to 3 grade(χ²=50.883,P<0.0001).The relative ratio was 1.656,95%CI was 1.434~1.913.The difference of constituent ratio was decreasing with the grade increasing.It showed no significant statistical difference in the fourth grade and later. Conclusions The constituent ratio of those entering into the primary school at the younger age among children with ADHD is relatively higher.This phenomenon is salient in the lower grade.It is postulated that the school readiness is deficient in the relatively younger children so that more children entering the primary school at the younger age would develop the symptoms of ADHD.

Effects of intermittent hypoxia on cognition and the ultrastructure of hippocampal synapses in immature rats.

CHEN Yan,ZHAO Chun-ling,YU Guang,CHENG Ji-yan.

2013, 21(6): 604-606.

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Objective To study the progressive effects of chronic intermittent hypoxia(CIH) on cognition and the ultrastructure of hippocampal synapses in immature rats. Methods A total of Sixty-six healthy,male,21-day-old Sprague-Dawley immature rats,weighing (50±5) g,was randomly averagely divided into two groups:unhandled control(UC)group and CIH group.Every group was divided into three time points:2,4 and 6 weeks(n=11).CIH-handled immature rats were exposed to intermittent hypoxia in designed cabin 8 hours every day.The cognitive function was assessed by the Morris Water Maze(MWM).The ultrastructure of hippocampal synapses were observed by electron microscope. Results 1)MWM of place navigation test:the escape latency in CIH immature rats was significantly longer compared with that in UC rats(P< 0.05);2)MWM of spatial probe test:the percentage of time spent on crossing the target quadrant to the total swimming time in CIH group was significantly decreased compared with that in UC group(P<0.05).The number of times of crossing the platform in CIH group was significantly reduced compared with that in UC group(P<0.05);3)Changes in the ultrastructure of hippocampal synapses were obvious in CIH group as compared with the UC group. Conclusion Chronic intermittent hypoxia induced slowly progressive cognition impairments in immature rats,which maybe associated with the changes in the ultrastructure of hippocampal synapses exposed to CIH.

Influences of imaginary companions on the 5~6 years old children's ability of distinguishing between imagination and reality.

LIN Qi-yi,WU Ling-xin,CHENG Li-guo.

2013, 21(6): 607-609.

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Objective To explore the influences of imaginary companions on the 5~6 years old children's ability of distinguishing between imagination and reality. Methods A total of 34 children aged 5~6 years old were selected randomly.The method called "double-interview process" was used to determine the children who had the psychological phenomenon called imaginary companions,the result of which was that 14 of them with the imaginary companions,accounting for 41.2% of the total.Secondly all the children were given a task to distinguish between imagination and reality. Result The results showed that the children who had imaginary companions performed much better in the task of distinguishing between imagination and reality. Conclusion Imaginary companions may be one of the important factors which can improve the children's ability of distinguishing between imagination and reality.

Study on parenting stress of mothers of children with autism spectrum disorders and associated factors.

HU Yan-jie,WANG Ji,QIN Xiu-qun,YIN Xiao-na,XIA Wei,SUN Cai-hong,WU Li-jie.

2013, 21(6): 623-626.

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Objective To examine mother parenting stress and associated factors in a sample of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Method In this cross-sectional study,mothers (n=150) were asked to complete a questionnaire which included the Parenting Stress Index-Short Form (PSI-SF),Anxiety Scale (SAS),the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression scale (CES-D),Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire(SCSQ),Perceived Social Support Scale(PSSS ),the Autism Behavior Checklist (ABC),self-made children and families questionnaire. Results Different depression and anxiety level of children's mother were different in the parenting total stress and the three dimensions' scores(P<0.05).Except parenting distress dimension,different ABC scores group had differences in the parenting total stress score and the other two dimensions' scores(P<0.05).Except difficult children dimension,the other dimension and the total pressure and actively respond had negative correlations(P<0.05).Except the parent-child dysfunctional interaction dimension,other dimensions and the total pressure was positively correlated with negative coping(P<0.05).Friend support,other support were negatively correlated with the parent-child dysfunctional interaction.Total social support was negatively correlate with parenting distress(P<0.05).Multiple linear regression analysis showed that parenting pressure on mother with ASD children was significantly associated with ASD severity,self-anxiety and depression,as well as government support. Conclusions Mother's parenting stress is affected by many factors.It is important way to decrease the mother stress by improving the level of ASD rehabilitation services,improving children symptoms and parents psychological state and giving more government and social support.

Preliminary study on influencing factors of short-term outcome in children with autism spectrum disorder.

WANG Yuan,WANG Ji,LIANG Shuang,WANG Jia,SUN Cai-hong,WU Li-jie.

2013, 21(6): 626-630.

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Objective To find out the influencing factors of the short-term intervention outcome for the children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD),and provide a basis for establishing a comprehensive intervention model. Methods The children with ASD were recruited and their information were collected,including DQ level,communication,aberrant behavior and outcome.All ASD patients were followed up for 6 months and they were administered assessments in 0,3 and 6 months after intervention,respectively. Results After intervention 6 months,PEP-3 communication and behavior changed significantly(F=43.61,12.26,all P<0.01).The longer of intervention duration,the better of patients' outcome in communication and behavioral abilities(β=3.885 2,5.163 9,all P<0.01).Initial DQ and training intensity had positive effects on communication outcome(β=0.265 5,0.905 9,0.028 4,all P<0.05),inversely,uncontinuous training played a negative role(β=-0.876 2,P<0.01).Initial DQ and family training had positive effects on behavior outcome (β=0.227 8,3.889 2,all P<0.01). Conclusion There are significant improvements after short-term intervention for six months.Initial DQ,continuous training,training intensity and family training play extremely important roles to intervention outcomes.

Study on status of parenting locus of control in the autistic children's parents and its influential factors.

ZHANG Li-li,ZHANG Feng,WANG Jie,LIU Yi-mei.

2013, 21(6): 630-633.

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Objective To study the status of parenting locus of control in the autistic children's parents and its influential factors. Methods A total of 96 parents of children with autism and 90 healthy children's parents were tested with parenting locus of control scale.Data were analyzed by t-test and multivariate regression analysis with SPSS. Results There were differences at total PLOC and five factors between two groups(P<0.05),and scores of case group were higher than those in control group.With stepwise regression analysis the parental depression and children's social relatedness were included in the equation for total PLOC score.The depression of parents,communication,self-care and body movement were associated with factor 1.The autism severity,sensation,language and sex were associated with factor 2. Conclusions Many problems in child education are found in the parents of autistic children.Parental depression,childhood autistic behavior and sex are associated with PLOC.Intervention measures improving parenting control locus should be considered.

Influence of home-based structured teaching on anxiety and depression in mothers of children with autism.

HUANG Shi-ju,QIN Xiu-qun,ZOU Yuan-yuan,ZOU Xiao-bing.

2013, 21(6): 633-635.

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Objective To explore the influence of home-based structured teaching on the anxiety and depression in mothers of children with autism. Method The 50 mothers of autistic children were investigated with the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale(SAS) and Self-Rating Depression Scale(SDS) before their children accepted the home-based structured teaching and 1 year later. Result The autistic children's mothers had significantly higher scores of anxiety and depression than those of the normal ones.After one year home-based structured teaching,mothers of children with autism experienced lower levels of anxiety and depression than those before the teaching. Conclusion Home-based structured teaching could reduce the anxiety and depression of mothers with autistic children and suit to the training for the children with autism.

Study on awareness rates of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in child health care doctors.

LIU Yue,ZHAO Zhi-min,LIU Yi,MA Shi-wei,DU Ya-song.

2013, 21(6): 636-639.

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Objective To compare the differences of awareness of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in child health care doctors. Method The study was done in child health care doctors from six districts in shanghai,the differences of awareness of ADHD were compared before and after training by using the self-edited doctors questionnaire about awareness of ADHD. Results There were significant differences in general knowledge(2 items),treatment(11 items) and etiology(2 items) about ADHD before and after training;Child health care doctors who worked at urban area had more understanding about drug treatment than those worked at city-suburb area and suburb area. Conclusion Child health care doctors have general poor knowledge about ADHD and need more training about ADHD.

Study on the relationship of behavioral problems of children with cancer and family management style.

SUN Yu-qian,SUN Bing-fu,CUI Ying,DING Huan-ran,WANG Feng-ling,WEN Ying-na.

2013, 21(6): 639-642.

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Objective To explore the relationship of behavioral problems of children with cancer and family management style. Method A cluster random sampling was conducted to recruit 240 caregivers whose children with cancer in 8 first-class hospitals in Beijing and Tangshan from 2011 to 2012,and they were investigated by Chiild Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and Family Management Measure (FaMM). Results The rate of abnormal behavior was higher in cancerous children (25.4%) than that in healthy children (12.97%),(P<0.05).Cancerous children's behavioral problems mainly manifested as bad communication,social withdrawn,aggressive behaviour for boys and as depression,social withdrawn and schizoid behavior for girls.Cancerous children's behavioural problems were negatively associated with children's daily life(14.37±2.48),condition management ability(38.37±7.37)and parental mutuality(34.25±6.22)(P<0.05),and positively correlated with view of condition impact(38.67±4.54),family life difficulty (50.12±10.17)and condition management effort (16.21±5.21)(P<0.05). Conclusion The rate of abnormal behavior is high in children with cancer.The family management is mainly enduring style for cancerous child.Medical staff should provide family support to enhance cancerous children's behavioral health.

Media use of 305 cases of children and adolescents among health examination crowd.

ZHU Yuan-qing,YE Yi,CHEN Ke,LIU Pei-ning,YE Dan,ZHU Cong,ZHOU Jian-jing,WU Li-hui.

2013, 21(6): 642-645.

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Objective To study the status of media use of children and adolescents among health examination crowd. Methods A cluster sampling survey was carried out from October 2010 to February 2012.Data were collected through self-administered structured retrospective questionnaire from 305 pairs of families in health examination department of affiliated children's hospital of Wenzhou Medical College. Results 46.23%(141/305)children and adolescents used media excess 2 hours per day.There was no significant difference among ages in the total time of electronic media use per week(referred to as the T/w)(F=1.294,P=0.272);Parents' restrictions on media use,morning TV viewing habit,media as children's main killing time tool could affect the T/w(t=4.848,-2.814,-6.174,all P<0.01).Children whose sleep could not be affected by media use before sleep were more inclined to use media excess 14 hours per week(χ²=4.424,P=0.038). Conclusions The children and adolescents spend substantial time on media,and their habit,favorite around media had formed at least before or at 6 years old; Parents' restriction on media use can affect the time children spend before screen media;TV-viewing before sleep can affect children's sleep,but the effect does not lie in the total time of TV-viewing.

Epidemiological study on bronchial asthma among 0~14 years old children in Jilin.

SHI Chun-hua,ZHANG Wei,JING Yu-hua,WANG Li-xia,ZHANG Geng,CHENG Yan-ling,CHEN Lei,GUO Xuan-zuo.

2013, 21(6): 645-648.

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Objective To study the epidemiological state,influence factors on bronchia asthma of 0~14 years old children in Jilin city,and in order to provide the basis for asthma prevention and management. Method With cluster random sampling in 2010,7 650 cases were sampled in four districts in Jilin to fill in disease forms at first,and carry out detail check up. Results The accumulative incidence rate of asthma disease was 2.94%,the current incidence rate was 1.70%.0~6 years old was 60% in the total asthma prevalence,1 year old and 3 years old were two peak prevalence age.Respiratory infection,infantile eczema,allergic rhinitis and heredity were related to the asthma disease. Conclusions Incidence rate of asthma disease in children of 0~14 years old in Jilin city was higher than those of the mean level of China.Pathogenesis of asthma is influenced by many factors.Children younger than 4 years old are at high risk of asthma.The integrated management of respiratory allergies high-risk children should be paid attention to.

Investigation and analysis of related factors of one junior middle school students with mental health status in Jinan.

WANG Meng,LIU Bing-lun,LI Ren-jun,WANG Hong-jun,HU Dai-mei,LI Ying-cun,WANG Wei,YUAN Wei.

2013, 21(6): 648-651.

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Objective To investigate the mental health status of students in the junior middle school and to explore the relationship between it with the factors of family. Method A total of 2 385 junior middle school students from Jinan were assessed with general situation questionnaire,Egma Minnen av Barndoms Uppfostran(EMBU) and Symptom Checklist 90(SCL-90). Results The incidence of poor mental health status among junior middle school students was 15.4%.No significant differences were found in gender and grade(P>0.05).Significant differences were found in all factors of EMBU except for factors of fathers' partiality and mothers' partiality between good and poor mental health students(P<0.01).The affecting factors of mental health status included father's occupation,father's health status,mother's cultural level,social morality around family,whether or not the parents often quarrel with each other and single situation. Conclusion The mental health status is poor in junior middle school students,and it is closely associated with many factors of family.

Genogram and its value in Family therapy for children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

MEI Zhu.

2013, 21(6): 651-654.

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Objective To explore the application and effects of genogram in structural family therapies for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD). Methods Twenty patients diagnosed as ADHD and their family members were consecutively enrolled.Genealogical charts were drawn by each family and interpreted and analysed by one therapy with the theory of structural family therapy. Result The imbalance in family structure and dysfunction was revealed from the genograms in these twenty families with ADHD patients,like tangled relationship between mother and child,intergenerational unclear estranged relationship and control parents. Conclusion Genogram plays an positive role in structural family therapy of ADHD,and inspiring the awareness of ADHD patients and their families to find out the clues to solutions.

Epidemic feature analysis of children under-five mortality cause in Xiamen city,2007~2011.

QIN Wei-xia,ZHU Han-song,YE Li-juan,HUANG Hui-ping.

2013, 21(6): 654-657.

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Objective To explore epidemic features of children under-five mortality cause in Xiamen City,in order to provide scientific basis for formulating control and prevention measures. Method The mortality data that reported by health institutions in Xiamen City through the national disease surveillance system during 2007 to 2011 were studied to describe the level and distribution of children under-five mortality. Results Under 5 mortality rate(U5MR) increased with years from 2007 to 2011(χ²_trend=92.68,P<0.01).Mortality rate of neonates,infants,1~ 5 years of ages and children under-five were 1.76‰,3.02‰,1.13‰ and 4.13‰ respectively.The 3 top causes of U5MR were the perinatal period disease(1.40‰),birth defects(0.87‰) and injury(0.44‰) respectively,which together constituted a 65.53% ratio.The difference of U5MR between male(4.81‰) and female(3.42‰) was statistically significant(χ²=23.57,P<0.01).And U5MR in rural(5.59‰) were higher than that in town(3.75‰)(χ²=36.42,P<0.01).Municipal General Hospital was the main medical institutions. Conclusion Perinatal period disease,birth defects and injury are important causes of U5MR,while infants is the most ages,so strategy that control and prevention U5MR can be formulated according to death spectrum.

Behavioral analysis and comprehensive intervention about children with precocious puberty in Bao'an District,Shenzhen.

DENG Ying-hua,FENG Cheng-yun,NIU-Li,WANG Ying.

2013, 21(6): 658-660.

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Objective To explore establishing the comprehensive intervention and grassroots intervention system of puberty children's behavior problems. Methods A total of 120 cases of 4~10 years old precocious puberty children were selected,from 7 street diagnosis of Baoan district,Shenzhen,they were investigated by the questionnaires of Achenbach Children's Behavior,the scores were compared with the normal children. Result The incidence of behavior problems such as depression,discipline and social withdrawal,split sample compulsive,aggressiveness,early love of precocious puberty children were significantly higher than those of normal children (P＜0.05). Conclusion The related health education and comprehensive intervention measures should be strengthened to the precocious children and parents,establishment of a basic intervention system should be speeded up to promote the healthy growth of children.

Study on influence of toddler social-emotional after early childhood development project.

FENG Cheng-yun,WEI Xin-yan,LIU Jian-hua,MIN Jie,NIU Li,LI Jia-nan,ZHANG Zhen,XIA Na,LIU Lan,FENG Si-xuan.

2013, 21(6): 660-663.

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Objective To improve the physical and mental health of children through early childhood development project. Methods The parents of 822 children filled in the questionnaires about the social-demographic and social-emotional assessment for children aged 12~36 months.244 children's parents were measured again after accepted early childhood development project in our center after half a year. Results The positive rates of externalizing,internalizing,dysregulation and competence were 7.9%,9.6%,13.7%,10.3%,respectively.The boy's scores and positive rates were higher than the girl's about externalizing and dysregulation.On the contrary,the girl's scores and positive rate was higher than the boy's about internalizing.Mother's education level was the important factors for each field.The positive rates of each field of the 224 children's were reduced after half a year. Conclusion Parenting science of family and the services of institution are combined,it will contribute to the development of children's physical and mental health.

Influence of infants caress on intellectual development of premature infants.

DU Ya-mei,HAN Chun- ling,KANG Juan,XU Man,TANG Shu-bin.

2013, 21(6): 665-668.

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Objective To investigate the influence of infants caress on intellectual development of premature infants and to provide the basis for comprehensive intervention of premature infants. Methods The study group consisted of 30 premature infants who persisted in normative infants caress.Control group consisted of 33 premature infants who had the similar background information with the study group and didn't persist in infants caress.Data were selected from the children's health care system in our department from January 2008 to December 2009.The longitudinal study was used to analyze the data.Utilize Beijing children mental development scales were used to dynamic evaluation the intellectual developments of the two groups. Results When corrective months were six months,there were no significant differences between two groups in two parts of DQ include gross motor and adaptation (P>0.05).However,the DQ values of sample group include fine motor,language,social behavior were higher than those of reference group.The differences had statistical significance (P<0.01).When corrective months was one year,there were no significant differences (P>0.05) between two groups in gross motor.However,the DQ values of sample group include adaptation,fine motor,language,social behavior were higher than those of reference group.The differences had statistical significance (P<0.01).When corrective months were two years,the values of five parts of DQ in sample group were all higher than those of reference group,especially,in parts of fine motor,language,social behavior.The difference had statistical significance (P<0.01). Conclusion Adhering to the normative infants caress on the early stage can improve premature intelligence development.

Influencing of the mother parenting KAP mode on infant growth and development.

YU Wen,ZHU Dan,SHEN Jiong,DING Yan.

2013, 21(6): 669-672.

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Objective To study KAP mode intervention on parental knowledge attitude and behavior of the mother in child rearing process in order to promote the growth and development of infants. Methods 401 babies born in International Peace Maternity and Child Hospital,were randomly divided into intervention and control groups,to carry out four parents' school curriculum to the class parents,compared the differences between two groups' parental knowledge and feeding behavior before and after of intervention.then offer them the growth and development monitoring;evaluation guidance individually. Results One-year-old the study group had much progress than control on parental knowledge.They care of the feeding behavior,good dining environment,properly dining speed,and encourage children to feed themselves.The picky eaters were much less than control.Body length and weight on 3-month,5-month,the two groups had significant differences (P<0.05 ) that showed the study group was higher than the control.The length of girls in two groups in 5month-old had significant differences (t=2.65,P<0.01) study group was higher.Infant neurodevelopment assessment in terms of adaptability of language also the same difference.the study group score was higher. Conclusion The knowledge of KAP mode intervention can improve parents' child-rearing knowledge attitudes and behavior to infant's growth and development.it has a positive role in promoting.

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