Table of Content

06 May 2013, Volume 21 Issue 5

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Research on the relationship between the serum leptin and Body Mass Index for Children.

XIE Ying,LUO Bin,DU Li-mei,LI Zeng-ning.

2013, 21(5):  459-460. 

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Objective To explore the relationship between the serum leptin (LP) and development degree for obese children. Methods Height was measured with horizontal height analyzer.Serum LP was measured by ELISA,and t-test,Kruskal-Wallis H test,the rank conversion SNK test,the Spearman's rank correlation were used to analyze the data. Results 238 healthy children were inspected (male 121 cases,117 cases),152 cases in the normal group,61 cases in overweight group,25 cases in the obesity group;There had significant statistical difference in LP among the three groups(P<0.05);There had a positive correlation between serum LP and BMI(r_s=0.718,P<0.05);There had significant statistical differences in BMI among the three groups(P<0.05);There had no significant statistical difference in BMI between male and female in three groups(P>0.05). Conclusions With BMI increasing,serum LP is rising,a positive correlation between them indicates that obesity children may exist LP resistance.

Effect of recombinant human growth hormone therapy in prepuberty children with idiopathic short stature and analysis of the influencing factors.

LIAN Qun,LI Ling-li.

2013, 21(5):  461-463. 

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Objective To observe growth velocity and influencing factors for first-year of recombinant human growth hormone(rhGH)in treating prepuberty children with idiopathic short stature(ISS). Methods Forty-two prepubertal ISS children were treated with rhGH for at least one year.The relationships between gender,age at baseline,height standard deviation score pretreatment,Body Mass Index standard deviation score pretreatment,height standard deviation score of father,height standard deviation score of mother,growth velocity pretreatment,bone age pretreatment and the first year growth velocity were analyzed with correlation analysis. Results rhGH treatment improved all the 42 patients' the first year GV of ISS children in this study.Age at baseline is the independent influence factor on the first year GV. Conclusion rhGH-Treatment for ISS should be performed as young as possible.

Relationship between birth weight and body mass index,waist-to-height ratio.

HAN Xiao-yan,WAN Yan-ping,ZHANG Xiao-min,XU Ren-ying,CHEN Zhi-qi,WANG Jia-lu,TAN Tao,JIANG Ying,CAI Wei.

2013, 21(5):  464-466. 

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Objective BMI was used for assessing the first kind of obesity(obesity-1).And WHtR was used for assessing the second kind of obesity(obesity-2).Two kinds of obesity were assessed with birth weight respectively. Methods 3 960 students(7~18 years old) were chosen from three primary schools and three middle schools in Shanghai China.According to the accuracy of birth weight data and exclusion criteria,3 687 students were eligible ultimately.Physical examination of height,weight and waist circumference were carried out by trained physicians.Questionnaire of birth weight were completed by students' guardian according to the birth certificate. Results In the group of birth weight ≥2 500 g,birth weight was associated with the risk of childhood obesity-1 significantly(OR=1.32,95%CI:1.1~1.59,P=0.003);risk of developing obesity-2 was increased with birth wight(OR=1.22,95%CI:1.0~1.47,P=0.041). Conclusions Birth weight is the risk factor for childhood obesity-1 and obesity 2 among children who birth weight≥2 500 g.

Pupils' anthropometric index in the city of Dalian compared to WHO references.

SONG Gui-rong,HU Dong-mei,WANG Zhi-yong,LIU Qi-gui,HU Nan,LIU Xiu-ying.

2013, 21(5):  467-469. 

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Objective Physical development of children and adolescents always attracts widespread attention in society.Decisions for policy making and planning in public health must be based on accurate anthropometric informations about the population. Methods With a longitudinal study design,physical growth were continuously monitored in 933 pupils of Dalian,China,from 2004 to 2009.Height,weight and BMI were transformed into Z-scores relative to the WHO 2007 with respect to gender and exact age.All analyses were conducted with SAS 9.0 for Windows. Results The average height and weight for children of 7~12 years old in Dalian were higher than the WHO 2007 references.BMI Z-scores for boys were significantly greater than the WHO 2007 references,whereas BMI Z-scores for girls were close to or lower than the WHO 2007 references. Conclusion The trends of growth and development among boys and girls of 7~12 years old in Dalian showed different trends from the world average as compared to the WHO references.Height,weight and BMI Z-scores were generally greater than the WHO standards.The major reasons for the differences may be due to rapid socioeconomic development and improvements in nutrition and living conditions.Our findings suggest the necessity of taking effective measures to curb childhood obesity,especially in boys.

Follow-up study on early neurodevelopment of preterm children.

LI Bei,FENG Jing-jing,XU Xiu.

2013, 21(5):  470-472. 

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Objective To explore the premature effect on the mental,motor and visual cognitive development of preterm infants from 12 to 36 months of age. Method 55 preterm children(including:very preterm children 25 cases,moderately to late preterm children 30 cases)were selected,40 normal full-term children served as a control group.Bayley-Ⅱ Infant Development Scale was used to evaluate children neurodevelopment at 12,18,24 and 36 months,and the results were indicated as mental development index(MDI),psychomotor development index(PDI) and the rate of visual items passed. Results The very preterm group showed the scores of MDI and PDI were significantly lower than the full-term group at 12,18,24 and 36 months of age(P<0.05); The moderately to late preterm children showed the scores of MDI were significantly lower compared with the full-term group at 12 and 24 months of age(P<0.05),while there was no significant difference in the score of PDI between two groups(P>0.05).The rate of visual items passed among the very preterm children,the moderately to late preterm children and the control group was 46.3%,61.5% and 74.4% respectively. Conclusion Premature has the negative influence on the development of children's cognitive,motor and visual cognitive function,especially for very preterm children.The early intervention in preterm children should be implemented to promote their healthy growth as soon as possible.

Single center retrospective study:0~2 years old physical growth trend change research about small for gestational age infant from 2000-2009.

XIONG Fei,HUO Ting-zhu,YANG Fan,YANG Su-fei,MAO Meng.

2013, 21(5):  473-476. 

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Objective To explore the 0~2 years old physical growth trend change of small for gestational age infant (SGA) from 2000 to 2009. Methods The SGA from 2000 to 2009 in child health care of West China Second University Hospital were reviewed retrospectively.The physical growth were measured at 3,6,12,18,24 months.The velocity of growth was measured by Z score,and the deviation of growth were analyzed. Results There were 240 male SGA cases and 352 female SGA cases whose birth data were complete and accurate.The incidence of growth retardation of male at 3,12,18 months were significantly higher than those of female,but the incidence of overweight of female at 3 months were significantly higher than that of male(P<0.05),No matter male SGA,female SGA,the length and growth rates of SGA born in 2000-2004 at 3,6,12,18 months old were significantly less than those born in 2005-2009(P<0.05),moreover,the incidence of catch-up in length at different age were significantly less than those born in 2005-2009 in male(P<0.05).The incidence of catch-up in length at 3,6,12 months old were significantly less than those born in 2005-2009 in female(P<0.05).The level,growth rate,incidence of catch-up of weight had no differences among different groups. Conclusions The SGA was retarded in its growth and development influenced by unhealthy factors during fetal life.SGA usually catched up in growth at 3~6 months.The child health care workers should pay attention to the key of health care according to the different age.

Evaluation and analysis on physical fitness among 767 preschool children of urban area in Kunming city.

RUI Li,ZHANG Yu-fen.

2013, 21(5):  477-479. 

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Objective To investigate the conditions of physical fitness of 3~6-year-old children in Kunming,and evaluate the physical status. Methods A cross-sectional investigation was conducted among 3 kindergartens in urban area of Kunming city by random cluster sampling.767 children were investigated by using "The Test Standard of Physical Fitness for Children in 3~6 years old".Collecting data were further to analyze by different statistics methods. Results The general status of physical fitness evaluation was not quite satisfied and the failed rate was 24.5%;The children's physical quality development was not balanced,the pass rates of the sub-items in the speed and sensitivity ability were higher,but the pass rates of the sub-items in the strength,endurance and balance ability were lower.The overweight/obese children grades in the all 8 sub-items were lower than normal children,especially in Continued jumping with both feet and balance beam. Conclusions Taking exercise is very important for the health of 3~6 years old children.The parents and health care workers of kindergartens should pay much attention to it.The children physical fitness evaluation should be an effective method in future childhood obesity intervention.

Report of 389 cases of abandoned infants and toddlers' anthropometric variables of physical development in Shanghai.

WANG Ji-hong,ZHU Hai-yan,YUAN Fang-lai,GONG Pei-hua.

2013, 21(5):  480-483. 

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Objective To understand the physical development of the abandoned infants and toddlers in Shanghai Children's welfare institute,count the physical development anthropometric variables,for accurate evaluation the abandoned infants and toddlers' physical development. Methods Timing measurement 389 abandoned infants and toddlers' anthropometric variables of physical development in Shanghai Children's welfare institute ,compare the results with "The physical growth survey of children under 4 years in the urban and suburban rural areas of nine cities of China in 2005". Results The physical growth anthropometric variables were significantly lower than same ages same gender of "The physical growth survey of children under 4 years in the urban and suburban rural areas of nine cities of China in 2005",the difference was statistically significant (P<0.001),the secular trend in physical growth consistently; the difference of anthropometric nutritional status between the children whom raised in Children's home from 3~6months and 6~12 months is significant difference (χ²=10.582,P<0.05). Conclusion The physical development anthropometric variables of the children in Shanghai children's home is greatly behind normal infants,but overall nutrition is in good condition,it is necessary to establish a Shanghai children's welfare institute infant physical development anthropometric variables measure number (mean),for accurate evaluation physical development of the abandoned children.

The prevalence of soybean allergy in IgE-associated cow's milk allergic children in Shanghai.

MIAO Qiong,WANG Xiao-chuan,WANG Jing-yi,YU Ye-heng,WANG Ying.

2013, 21(5):  484-486. 

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Objective To determine the prevalence of soybean allergy in IgE-associated cow's milk allergic children in Shanghai. Methods All 441 patients consulting the Children's Hospital of Fudan University in 2009 were included in this study.The experimental group consisted of 224 patients with personal history suggestive of food allergy with specific IgE to cow's milk protein and the control group consisted of 217 patients with non allergic disease.The patients in control group didn't have history of cow milk allergy and their specific IgE to cow's milk protein was negative.Serum-specific IgE to soya protein were measured in all patients and differences of IgE level between soybean and milk,differences of Soybean allergy in different age and gender groups were analyzed separately.The allergy rate of soybean between the experimental group and the control group was also analyzed to explore the cross allergy phenomenon between milk and soybean. Results In IgE-associated CMA cohort,33 patients(14.7%) had soybean allergy.There was no correlation of specific IgE levels between soybean and cow's milk.And the prevalence of soybean allergy decreased with age.In the control group,13 patients(6%) had soybean allergy and similarly the allergy rate of soybean also decreased with age in this group.There was no cross allergic phenomenon between the milk and soybean after age one. Conclusions In Shanghai,very few young children of IgE-associated CMA(especially of age >1 year) had soybean allergy.Therefore,soybean formula may be alternative for the majority of children with IgE-associated CMA.However,milk and soybean still had certain cross allergy in babies of less than 1 year old,therefore close monitoring for cross allergy reaction is necessary in this age group.

The expression of MafA in pancreas of newborn rats with intrauterine growth retardation.

WANG Yan-fang,LIU Ying,FU Da-jun,CHENG Shi-kai,CHENG Xiao-jun,DU Zai-yong.

2013, 21(5):  487-489. 

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Objective To investigate the expression of MafA in pancreas of rats with intrauterine growth retardation(IUGR). Methods Female and male Wister rats were copulated by 5∶1,followed by randomly dividing into two groups:low protein group(LPG)and control group(CG).Rats in LPG were treated with low protein fodder from 1st day after pregnancy until delivery; meanwhile,standard fodder was given to the rats in CG.Fasting blood glucose and blood glucose after glucose load were detected between IUGR and CG.The removed pancreas of the rats measured weight.HE staining was applied to detect the pancreatic morphological changes under light microscope.Eventually,immunohistochemisty staining was performed to detect the expression of MafA in pancreas of rats. 【Result】 Statistically significant reduction of fasting blood glucose were observed in IUGR compared with CG.Likewise,the pancreatic weight was significantly depressed in IUGR compared with CG(P<0.05);however,slowly decrease of blood glucose in IUGR was observed after glucose load given,yet,it was still significantly higher in LPG until 120 min compared with CG.The most striking finding was that lower expression of MafA was detected in IUGR compared with CG(P<0.05). Conclusion LPG may cause IUGR of rats and the lower expression of MafA in pancreas of newborn rats.It may influences the development of generation and systems of the pancreas of newborn rats.

Changes of matrix metalloproteinase 2 and matrix metalloproteinase 9 in meconium injured young rabbits treated by proportional assist ventilation.

WU Rong,ZHOU Hai-yan,LI Na,FENG Zhi-chun.

2013, 21(5):  490-493. 

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Objective To observe the changes of matrix metalloproteinase 2(MMP-2) and matrix metalloproteinase 9(MMP-9) in severe meconium-injured young rabbits treated by PAV. Methods Thirty 20~30 days rabbits were randomly divided into four groups:implement proportional assist ventilation after poured into the meconium(PAV group),implement synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation after meconium instillation(SIMV group),no ventilation after meconium instillation(MAS group) and the saline irrigation with no ventilation group(control group).The rabbits were sacrificed after 8 hours,lungs and trachea were excised.Levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in lung homogenate and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF) were measured by enzyme-link immunosorbent assay(ELISA). Results 1) There were statistically significant differences among the lung tissue MMP-2(F=72.575,P=0.000) and MMP-9 levels of all groups.Between the lung tissue MMP-2,MMP-9 (F=48.374,P=0.000) levels of every group,the differences were significant(all P<0.05).The value of SIMV group was highest,the value of control group was lowest.2) There were statistically significant differences among the BALF MMP-2(F=116.779,P=0.000) and MMP-9(F=59.095,P=0.000)levels of all groups.Between the BALF MMP-2 and MMP-9 levels of every group,all the differences were significant(all of the P<0.05).The value of SIMV group was hightest,the value of control group was lowest.3) There were statistically significant differences in PIP at 2 h(F=46.095,P=0.000)、4 h(F=50.757,P=0.000)、6 h(F=56.127,P=0.000) and 8 h(F=73.684,P=0.000) after ventilation between PAV group and SIMV group,the value of SIMV group was higher than PAV. Conclusions In case to maintain normal oxygen saturation and blood gas,the values of MMP-2,MMP-9 and PIP in SIMV model were higher than PAV model.It suggest that when the MAS surported with mechanical ventilation,the priority is given to PAV model.

Experimental study of oyster antagonistic neuronal apoptosis in neural tube defects caused by retinoic acid.

MA Yong-zhen.

2013, 21(5):  494-496. 

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Objective To explore the molecular mechanism of oyster antagonistic neuronal apoptosis in neural tube defects(NTDs) caused by retinoic acid(RA). Methods NTDs model was set up in mouse embryo by overdose RA and was given the antagonists of oyster.The apoptosis situation and expression changes of apoptosis related proteins Bcl-2,Bax and Caspase-3 in neural epithelial cells of mouse embryo were observed. Results 1)The apoptotic index of neuroepithelial cells in RA group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P＜0.05).The apoptotic index of neuroepithelial cells in oyster group was significantly lower than that in RA group(P＜0.05).2)Bcl-2 expression of neuroepithelial cells in RA group was significantly lower than that in the control group(P＜0.05).Bcl-2 expression in oyster group was significantly higher than that in the RA group(P＜0.05).3)Bax and Caspase-3 expression on neur epithelial cells in RA group were significantly higher than that in the control group(P＜0.05).Bax and Caspase-3 expression in oyster group was significantly lower than that in the RA group(P＜0.05). Conclusion Oysters can antagonize neur epithelial cells excessive apoptosis in NTDs caused by RA.Its molecular mechanism may be realized through the up-regulation of Bcl-2 expression and down-regulation of Bax and Caspase-3 expression.

Relationship between obesity,metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance in children.

WANG Hong-li,JIN Wei,GAO Yi.

2013, 21(5):  512-514. 

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Objective To investigate the relationship between obesity,the components of metabolic syndrome(MS),and insulin resistance in children. Methods Forty-six obese children aged 12.6±2.1 years were selected from pediatrics outpatient clinic as subjects,and another 51 children with normal weight aged 12.5±1.9 years were enrolled as controls.Clinical characteristics and the components of MS were compared between the two groups,and the influencing factors of insulin resistance were evaluated. Results 1) Compared with normal weight children,obese children had significantly higher body mass index(BMI),waist circumference(WC),glucose levels,blood pressure,lipid profile including total cholesterol,triglyceride,low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,as well as insulin resistance(HOMA-IR),but lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-c)(all P<0.05).2) In obese group,7 children(15.2%) had hypertension,14(30.4%) had hypertriglyceridemia,2(4.3%) had low HDL-c or high non-HDL-c,3(6.5%) had hyperglycemia,and 8(17.4%) was diagnosed as MS;while only 2 children with normal weight(3.9%) had hypertriglyceridemia.3) Multiple regression analysis showed that WC(standardized β=0.432,P<0.05) and TG(standardized β=0.207,P<0.05) were independently correlated with HOMA-IR. Conclusions Obese children are prone to suffer more different metabolic disorders and MS.WC and TG are independently correlated with insulin resistance.

Clinical research of hearing development on different gestational age preterm infants.

WANG Jing,YU Ya-bin,CHEN Xue-hui,ZHU Xue-na,LI Dong-yang.

2013, 21(5):  515-517. 

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Objective To explore the clinical significance of the hearing detection on different gestational age preterm infants. Methods With Transient evoked otoacoustic emissions(TEOAE) and auditory brainstem response(ABR),328 cases of premature infants hospitalized in neonatal intensive care unit(NICU) and 9 086 cases of full-term newborns(control group) rooming-in were done hearing screening from January 2012 to August 2012. Results Pass rate of hearing screening on the preterm infants was significantly lower than the full-term children(χ²=183.67,P＜0.01).And the smaller the gestational age was,the pass rate of hearing screening was lower on preterm infants.28 weeks≤gestational age＜31 weeks,a total of 35 cases by 16 cases,the pass rate was 45.71%;31 weeks≤gestational age＜34 weeks,a total of 124 cases by 81 cases,the pass rate was 65.32%;34 weeks≤gestational age＜37 weeks,a total of 169 cases by 135 cases,the pass rate was 79.88%.The differences were statistically significant(χ²=19.17,P＜0.01). Conclusion Preterm infants are the high-risk group of hearing lossing,the group should be monitored especially,diagnosed and treated early.

Risk factors of cerebral palsy in 101 preterm infants with brain injury.

CHEN Jun,LIU Zhi-cui,HOU Mei,WANG Ke,SUN Dian-rong,LI Yu-tang,YU Rong.

2013, 21(5):  517-520. 

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Objective To explore the risk factors of cerebral palsy in preterm infants with brain injury and provide clinic data for prevention or improvement the outcome of cerebral palsy and early diagnosis of cerebral palsy correctly in preterm infants with brain injury. Methods Total number of 101 preterm infants under one year of age with brain injury treated in Qingdao Rehabilitation Center for Disabled Children from January 2000 to December 2010 were followed to observe and analyse the risk factors of cerebral palsy with Logistic stepwise regression. Results Among the 101 infants,51(50.50%) were diagnosed of cerebral palsy at the age of 2.Gestational age <32 weeks,birth weight <2 500 g,head circumference <x--s,strabismus,tone level ≥I⁺,ankle clonus,periventricular leukomalacia(PVL)or injury of basal ganglia regions in magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),developmental quotient(DQ) of gross motor at base line <55 and progressive speed <0.75 were risk factors of cerebral palsy in preterm infants with brain injury(P<0.05). Conclusions The existence of small gestational age,low birth weight,small head circumference,strabismus,high tone level,ankle clonus,PVL or injury of basal ganglia regions in MRI,low DQ of gross motor and slow progressive speed can have predictive value of cerebral palsy in preterm infants with brain injury.It is recommended that preterm infants with brain injury should be examined of above-mentioned indicatrix as a routine and be improved as far as possible.An early hypertonia in preterm infants should be decided carefully combining with other conditions.

Study of the hearing screening protocols in neonatal-intensive-care-unit.

CHEN Wen-xia,XU Zheng-min,WANG Yan,LU Ping,YANG Xiao-lin.

2013, 21(5):  521-524. 

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Objective To investigate the incidence of congenital hearing loss in the neonatal intensive care unit and explore the scientific and feasible mode of hearing screening and early diagnosis for the high-risk newborns. Methods 673 newborns in NICU received hearing screening test initially with distortion product otoacoustic emission(DPOAE).All babies would received screening again after one month.The infants who failed to pass both tests would performed auditory brainstem response(ABR) test at 3~6 months. Results 164(24.4%) infants didn't pass the initially hearing screening among the 673 newborns.599 infants(89.0%) took part in the second screening test.Thirty-seven(6.2%) infants got positive results.All abnormal infants(37) accepted ABR test at 3~6 months and 18 of them were diagnosed as with hearing impairment.Of them,two infants were auditory neuropathy and four mild hearing loss were associated with otitis media.The incidence of hearing disorder was 2.67%. Conclusions DPOAE combined with automated auditory brainstem response(AABR) is an effective mode for hearing screening among high-risk newborns in NICU.The incidence of auditory neuropathy among these newborns is higher than that of well-born baby,especially hypercholesterolenia is connected with auditory neuropathy.It is necessary for high-risk newborns to trace,revisit and regular audiological testing.

High risk factors of severe & critical danger hand,foot and mouth disease.

HUANG Guo-ri,PAN Ge,LI Hui-ling,LAN Wei-hua.

2013, 21(5):  524-527. 

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Objective To investigate the typical high risk factors of severe hand,foot and mouth disease(HFMD),especially on critical danger cases through comparison between ordinary type HFMD cases and severe & critical danger cases. Methods Retrospective study was conducted on 128 admitted severe(n=104) & critical danger (n=24,including 9 deaths)HFMD cases from Jan.2008 to Dec.2012,and 128 cases were matched with 143 laboratory confirmed general HFMD,and clinical features and high risk factors were compared between 2 groups above,then,logistic regression was applied to investigate typical clinical features & high risk factors of critical danger HFMD cases. Results 1)Indicators of onset age,whether or not diagnosed at first medical visit,heating time and thermal peak,rash nature,presence of central nervous symptoms(CNS),chest radiographic and cardiovascular manifestations,laboratory defective indexes and proportion of EV71 infection were different between general cases and severe & critical danger cases(P<0.05);2)Atypical rash ratio,neurological symptoms,cardiovascular and chest X-ray manifestations,proportion of EV71 infection and laboratory defective indexes of critical danger cases were more serious or higher than those of severe cases(P<0.05).3)Atypical rashes,neurological symptoms,chest radiography exudative manifestations,elevation of FPG and BP,EV71 infection were severe independent risk factors of critical danger HFMD cases revealed by Logistic regression model (P<0.05). Conclusion Attention should be paid to children with less than 3 years old,atypical rashes and abnormalities of chest X-ray,BP,FPG,etc,those indexes presenting abnormally are deteriorating tips for HFMD cases.

Status and influencing factors of overweight and obesity among school-age children in Shandong urban areas.

ZHANG Qian,TAN Xiao-yan,YU Lian-long,QI Hua-jin,YU Xiao-long,XU Ling-zhong.

2013, 21(5):  528-531. 

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Objective To understand the incidence of overweight and obesity among school-age children in Shandong urban areas and identify the influencing factors in order to provide theoretic basis for the prevention and intervention of children overweight and obesity. Method A total of 1 584 pupils in 3 primary schools in Jinan,Zibo,Linyi of Shandong province were selected by using the stratified cluster sampling method for questionnaire survey and physical measurement. Results The rates of overweight and obesity were 13.76% and 13.26%,respectively; and the merge rate was 27.02%.Multi - factor analysis showed that dietary habit factors such as chewing repeatedly,being a picky eater or not,having fruit,sweet drink and breakfast everyday or not,as well as gender,yearling weight and parent BMIs were associated with children overweight and obesity. Conclusions Over a quarter of school-age children in Shandong urban areas were overweight or obese.Children need education and guidance in developing healthy dietary habit and comprehensive measures should be taken in the prevention and intervention of children overweight and obesity.

Case-control study of risk factors for children with cerebral palsy.

YANG Liu,LI Li-li,LI Jing,NI Jia,DONG Shuang,ZHANG Xue-jiao,WANG Jun,SHANG Shu-yun,TIAN Jing,SUN Xiao-yi,SHEN Wei-xing,LIU Jing,WANG Ying,ZHANG Bin-bin.

2013, 21(5):  531-534. 

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Objective To investigate the risk factors of children with cerebral palsy,and reduce the incidence and morbidity of cerebral palsy. Methods The case-control study included 100 cases of the case group of children with cerebral palsy gender and age matched 400 cases of the control group of healthy children,and analyzed by univariate and multivariate analysis. Results The comparison of the case group and the control group:single births,family income ≥3 000,pre-pregnancy health,prenatal examinations etc.were protective factors.gestational age <37,neonatal disease,the couple quarrel frequently,non-city residents,married and pregnant at the newly renovated house,history of abnormal pregnancy,pregnancy insomnia,feel the pressure were risk factors. Conclusion Through the study of cerebral palsy risk factors,we wanted to remind the masses and medical staff to pay attention to risk factors.Aim to raise awareness,prevent the occurrence of the risk factors,and reduce the occurrence of cerebral palsy.

Effect of passive tobacco smoking during pregnancy to birth weight of neonates in Ezhou city.

HU Jun,LI Yu-ping.

2013, 21(5):  535-537. 

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Objective To detect the relationship between passive tobacco smoking exposure during pregnancy and low birth weight (LBW) neonates. Method A 1∶2 case control study was carried out among 1 080 women included 360 cases and 720 controls,aged 20 to 30 years who gave births in maternal care hospital of Ezhou from Jan 1st 2008 to Dec 31st 2011.Mothers giving birth to LBW neonate (<2.5 kg) were cases and those whose neonates weighed ≥2.5 kg at birth were controls.Information on passive tobacco smoking exposure and other potential risk factors of LBW within 24 hours of delivery were collected from hospital records and face to face investigation. Results The passive tobacco smoking exposure rate was higher in cases group (47.5%) than controls group (28.3%,P<0.001),and the OR was 1.30 times higher accordingly.The adjusted OR were 1.54 times(OR=2.54,95% CI:1.81~3.57) and 3.29 times (OR=4.29,95% CI:2.62~7.04)higher in cases who had accumulative exposed in passive tobacco smoking 1~3 days/week and >3 days/week than controls.And the AFe were 60.6% and 76.7%,respectively.Pregnant women who had taken antenatal examination more than 7 times might associate with 53% (OR=0.47,95% CI:0.30~0.73) decrease risk of low birth weight neonates. Conclusion There is a closely association and a significant dose-response relationship between passive tobacco smoking and low birth weight of neonates.

Investigation on the normal reference value of myocardial enzyme series of each age group for the healthy children in the city of Songzi,Hubei.

LI Jie,ZOU Cai-jun,YANG Xiang-song,DU Xiao-hong,HUANG Lian-gui,HU Yue,TAN Tao.

2013, 21(5):  538-540. 

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Objective To establish the normal reference ranges of myocardial enzyme series of each age group for the healthy children in Songzi city by testing the healthy children's myocardial enzymes. Methods 957 healthy children's peripheral venous blood were collected serum AST,CK,CK-MB,LDH and α-HBDH levels were determined by kinetic rate method on Architect C-8000 Aerosef. Results The normal reference value of myocardial enzyme was reduced gradually with aging.The differences of serum AST,CK,CK-MB,LDH and α-HBDH levels were significant among the four groups(P＜0.05 or ＜0.01).The levels of myocardial enzymes of GroupⅠ(24~168 h,newborn group)were obviously higher than of Group Ⅱ(~3 years old,infants group),Group Ⅲ(~6 years old,preschool group)and Group Ⅳ(~12 years old,school-aged group).The myocardial enzyme values of children in all groups were significantly higher than the normal reference ranges of the adults control group(P＜0.05 or ＜0.01).The normal reference ranges of myocardial enzymes in all of the four age groups were as follows:GroupⅠ,AST 23~113 U/L;CK 194~1104 U/L;CK-MB 25~115 U/L;LDH 140~956 U/L and α-HBDH 92~754 U/L;GroupⅡ,AST 19~73 U/L;CK 37~237 U/L;CK-MB 7~55 U/L;LDH 176~414 U/L and α-HBDH 122~320 U/L;Group Ⅲ,LDH 165~343 U/L and α-HBDH 102~274 U/L;Group Ⅳ,AST 13~49 U/L;CK 20~186 U/L;CK-MB 5~39 U/L;LDH 126~286 U/L and α-HBDH 86~220 U/L. Conclusion The establishment of adaptive normal reference ranges of myocardial enzyme series for the local newborns,infants,preschool children and school-aged children would provide reliable indexes for clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Effect of complementary feeding supervised by household nursing on growth and development of infants.

ZHENG Shu-hong.

2013, 21(5):  541-542. 

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Objective To investigate the effect of complementary feeding supervised by household nursing on growth and development of infants. Methods 65 infants were collected and divided into two groups at random.The intervention group received complementary feeding which supervised by household nursing while the control group only observed.All was monitored the value of weight and height every month following up nine months. Results The figures of weight and height of the intervention group during their sixth month,ninth month and twelfth month were significantly higher than those of control group(P＜0.05).The control group also had complementary feeding for premature and unreasonable phenomenon. Conclusions Complementary feeding supervised by household nursing can promote the growth and development of infants.

Effect analysis of early intervention comprehensive management on high-risk neonates in Beijing Shunyi districts.

MAO Jing-xia,LIU Chao.

2013, 21(5):  543-545. 

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Objective To investigate suitable management model of early intervention on the high-risk neonates in Shunyi district. Methods According to conveniences of children and hopes of parent,all high-risk neonates were divided into intervention management group and intervention control group,at the same time random selected 60 cases (n=60) of the normal children health examination in department of child health care as normal control group.All the babies were measured using Gesell developmental scale when they were one year old;and compared before and after the standardize management:high-risk creates file rate,follow-up rate in 6 and 12 months old. Results In addition to the normal control group and management group comparison,in the big movement,fine movement and average development quotient,differences were not statistically significant (P>0.05),and the rest comparisons differences of the every two two groups were statistically significant (P<0.05);the comparison before and after the standardize the management:after standard management,high-risk neonates creates file rate,6 months,and 12 months of follow-up rate,the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion System standard management of high-risk is important way to improve its filing rate,follow-up rate and the intervention effect.

Investigation and analysis of the diet influential factors of dental caries among preschool children in Taijiang district,Fuzhou.

HUANG Fang,LIN Zheng,ZHANG Ding-juan,LIN Xiu-ling.

2013, 21(5):  547-550. 

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Objective To investigate the current condition of dental caries among preschool children in Taijiang district,Fuzhou and the influential factors of the diet,to provide the epidemiological evidence for the establishment of the prevention and treatment of dental caries. Methods According to the third national oral health epidemiological sampling survey requirements,a stratified cluster sampling method was randomly applied to obtain a sample group consisted of 4 kindergartens(613 preschool children) in Taijiang district,Fuzhou. Results The current status of dental caries among preschool children in Taijiang district,Fuzhou was 57.3%,and the index of decayed,missed and filled teeth(DMFT)was 2.38,in which boys dental caries rate was 63.2% and DMFT was 2.79;girls' dental caries rate was 51% and the DMFT was 1.94,with a significant difference;there were also significant differences in grades,preschool type,daily snacking,milk drinks and carbonated beverages. Conclusion The grade,gender,snacks,milk drinks,carbonated drinks are the effect factors of dental caries of preschoolers.

Effect analysis in 99 cases of malnourished children in three different intervention.

ZENG Ting,DENG Liang-qiong,HUANG Ren-xiu,LIU Ping,HUANG Ting,QIN Zhong-hua.

2013, 21(5):  550-552. 

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Objective To observed the effect of comprehensive intervention measures and routine the 4∶2∶1 care guidance malnourished children in the intervention. Methods 99 malnourished children whose parents were well informed the principle of voluntary participation points for the interventions of the object,were selected and divided into intervention group A,intervention group B,and comprehensive group.Intervention effect evaluation of interventions was finished after one year,with the methods of intervention measures,intervention measures combining traditional chinese and western medicine,and single measures(the conventional 4∶2∶1 care guidance). Results The improved rate of group A was 62.5%,group B was 71.9%,and the control group was 37.1%.Nutritional status improvements of children in both intervention group A and group B were obviously higher than that in comprehensive group,and group B got the fastest improvement(χ²=17.00,P=0.03).After the intervention of Identification & Management of Feeding Difficulty(IMFeD),Group A,group B appetite respectively decreased by 25% and 47%,picky eaters partial eclipse decreased by 50% and 53%,a decrease of bad eating habits by 46.9% and 56.2%. Conclusion The intervention combined with health talks,dietary analysis,reasonable eating behavior intervention and Chinese medicine treatment can effectively reduce the prevalence of malnutrition and it is an effective means to improve the nutritional status of children.

Application of standardized measuring in children's weight measurement.

DONG Jing,WAN Kang-lin,XU Xin,ZHANG Min,HONG Qin,YU Qian,GUO Xi-rong,CHI Xia,TONG Mei-ling.

2013, 21(5):  553-554. 

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Object To improve the accuracy of weight measuring and report the children's nutritional status correctly,and use the standardized measuring method to reduce estimation error of clothing's weight. Method The standardized reference table was established by measuring the weight of children's common clothing and diaper,according to the standardized reference table to deduct the weight of clothing and diaper,the comparison of the results was analyzed. 【Result】 According to empirical estimation method,there were significantly difference on the same child's weight of among different testers(P<0.05).However,using the standardized measuring method,the results from different testers were not significantly different (P>0.05).Moreover,while one nurse using two methods to measure the same child's weight,the difference among reasons were significant (P<0.05). Conclusion Standardized weight measuring method can reduce the weight measurement error,and worth being widely used in clinic.

Investigation on parents' compliance of well-baby checking.

WANG Yuan,HU Yan.

2013, 21(5):  555-558. 

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Objective To investigate parents' or caregiver's compliance of well-baby checking and the influence factors. Methods Totally 500 children and their parents or caregivers were recruited from division of child health care,children's hospital of Chongqing medical university.Questionnaire was used to investigate the frequency of routine well-baby checking and implementation of doctors' professional advises.The descriptive statistical methods was used to obtain parents' or caregiver's compliance of well-baby checking and factors affecting compliance was analyzed by logistic regression. Results 1)46.2% subjects were taken well-baby checking periodically.Among them,the routine follow-up rate in infants was about two-fold of toddlers' (60.7% vs 30.4%).2) Getting professional advise on fostering baby was the most common purpose of clinic visiting (71.8%).58.8% parents or caregivers were concerned about development of feeding skills and practice.3)34.4% parents or caregivers would like to improve their parenting methods according to doctor's professional advises.4) Only 19.0% subjects were taken well-baby checking regularly and in the meanwhile raised according to the professional advise,in which 71.6% were infants.5)Age and different caregivers might affect the compliance of well baby checking significantly(P＜0.05). Conclusions The rate of periodical well-baby checking is quite low and the doctor's professional advises are performed unsatisfactory.Therefore,the parents' awareness of well-baby checking should be improved.