Table of Content

06 January 2013, Volume 21 Issue 1

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Metabonomics analysis of serum in autistic children using ultra performance liquid chromatography and Q-TOF mass spectrometry

SUN Meng,WANG Han,WANG Mao-qing,SUN Cai-hong,LIANG Shuang,ZOU Ming-yang,WU Li-jie,SUN Chang-hao.

2013, 21(1):  6-9. 

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Objective To investigate the metabolite alterations in the serum of autistic children and normal children using metabolomics profiling,discover specific biomarkers of autistic children,and provide experimental evidence for the early screening and diagnosis of children with autism. Method Ultra performance liquid chromatography and Q-TOF mass spectrometry (UPLC/Q-TOF MSMS) and pattern recognition were used to the Metabolomic Profiling of autistic children(n=73)and normal children (n=63),in order to discover the special metabolites. Results There were significant differences in serum metabolites of the autism group and control group within a total of 14 biomarkers in the positive and negative mode.Lysophosphatidic and sphingolipids increased in the autism group;Acylcarnitine and PUFAs reduced in the autism group. Conclusion There are significant differences in serum metabolites of children with autism and normal children that help to provide a basis for discovering potential markers useful for autism diagnosis,and provide new targets for autism intervention.

Investigation of the status of anxiety and related factors for the preschool children in Harbin

FU Zhi-wei,HAO Jin-lian,CHEN Su-fen,QIAO Su-zhen,GUO Lin,DING Ye,WEN Xin,HAN Cong-hui,ZHANG Hui-ying.

2013, 21(1):  10-12. 

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Objective To know the status of anxiety for the children in Harbin and discuss the related factors. Methods 732 children aged 3~6 were randomly selected from two kindergartens using the cluster sampling method in Harbin.Mothers were invited to complete the Preschool Anxiety Scale and related risk factors questionnaire. Results The research results showed that the proportion of preschool children who had anxiety in this surveyed sample was 14.1%.The gender difference was not significant in anxiety (χ²=0.764,P>0.05).The anxiety rate of 3~6 groups children was respectively 16.3%,13.8%,12.6% and 12.3%,there was no statistically significant in the anxiety rate among four age groups by the chi-square test (χ²=1.365,P>0.05).There was significant difference among anxiety dimensions scores,the highest was the physical injury fear,followed by separation anxiety (F=90.377,P<0.05).The Logistic regression analysis showed that the education background of the mother,the working pressure,the child's character and the view consistency about the problem of the education of the children were significantly associated with preschoolers' anxiety. Conclusions The prevalence of anxiety is higher in the preschool children of Harbin.The children's character and family factors are associated with the children's anxiety.

Efficacy of folic acid supplementation as an adjuvant therapy in treatment of children with autism

LI Nan-nan,XIA Wei,SUN Cai-hong,ZHAO Dong,WU Kun.

2013, 21(1):  13-15. 

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Objective To study the efficacy of folic acid supplementation as an adjuvant therapy in treatment of children with autism participated in structured teaching. Methods The method of open trial was used in this study.66 autistic children participated in structured teaching were divided into folic acid intervention group and control group based on the principle of voluntariness.Developmental progress was measured by Autism Behavior Scale (ABC),Children's Autism Rating Scale (CARS),Autism Treatment Evaluation Checklist (ATEC) and Psychoeducational Profile-Third Edition (PEP-3) before and after 3 months' treatment. Results Compared with 3 months before,the overall scores of ABC,CARS and ATEC of both groups were significantly lower than before (P<0.05),while the scores of all items of PEP-3 scale were higher than before (P<0.05),except for character motor behavior.According to the differentials of each scale before and after treatment,intervention group showed greater progress in language of ATEC and cognition,expressive language and receptive language of PEP-3 scale than those of control group (P<0.05). Conclusions Autism children participated in structured teaching with folic acid intervention presents greater progress in cognition and language than those in independent structured teaching.

Research of the relationship between the ability of emotion understanding and social adaptation in children with high functioning autism

GU Li-ping,JING Jin,JIN Yu,CHEN Qiang,FAN Fang,YANG Wen-han,LIU Bu-yun.

2013, 21(1):  16-19. 

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Objective To investigate the relationship between the ability of facial emotion recognition,attribution and social adaptation in children with high functioning autism. Methods 19 children with high functioning autism (age 9.0±1.8,male to female 17∶2) took part in the tests.Photos chosen from Chinese static facial expression photos were used to evaluate the ability of emotion recognition and emotion attribution.The results of each child's FIQ,PIQ and VIQ were got from WISC-CR.Autism behavior checklist (ABC) and Social Adaptive Checklist (SAC) were used to estimate the behavior and the social adaptation of the subjects respectively. Results There was no statistical correlation between the ability of facial emotion recognition,attribution and the score of SAC.The score of neutral and disgusted emotion attribution was negatively correlated with the score of ABC (P＜0.05),and the score of sad emotion target attribution was also negatively correlated with ABC (P＜0.05).The negative relationship between factor score,total adaptive quotient and ABC was found (P＜0.01).The correlationships between adaptive quotient,factor score and VIQ (P＜0.05),PIQ (P＜0.01) and FIQ (P＜0.01) were all positive.Conclusion The degree of the symptom influences the development of high functioning autistic children's ability to understand emotion expressions and their social adaptation,the self-care ability of these children may relatively independent of the ability of emotion understanding.

Child care knowledge,attitude and behavior survy of children's parents in community before and after the implementing of community children health management specification

YU Juan-juan,CUI Ming-ming,YANG Hui-min,XIAO Feng,LI Rui-li,ZHENG Xiao-guo,CHEN Bo-wen.

2013, 21(1):  20-22. 

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Objective To investigate parental knowledge,attitude and behavior (KAP) change and influencing factors of 0~3 years old children's parents in community after the implementation of child health management specification in pilot areas. Methods 791 and 747 questionnaires of children's parents were collected who were in pilot areas carried out the implementation of 0~3 years old children's health management specification in 2007 and 2010.χ² test was employed to analysis 0~3 years old children's parents with parental knowledge,attitude and behavior changes before and after the implementation of the specification.Logistic was employed to analyse their impact factors. Results After intervention,children's parents with the awareness of knowledge about "iron to prevent anemia,eat the liver can provide iron'' were significantly improved,the attitude of children's parents to find a doctor for each examination were significantly improved,the behavior of children's parents to the child's oral care were improved (P<0.05);Intervention,education level,household,children's health management were the main factors for parents of children with parental knowledge;intervention,household,children's health care institutions were the main factors to affect the parents of children with parental behavior. Conclusion To some extent,the implementation of community 0~3 years old children health management specification increased parental knowledge and attitudes of children's parents,improving parenting behavior.

Evaluation of child sexual abuse prevention education in grade 7 students of three schools in Beijing

CHEN Jing-qi,ZHANG Wen-jing,LI Jing-yi,LUO Xiao-ling.

2013, 21(1):  23-26. 

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Objective To evaluate the impact of school-based child sexual abuse (CSA) prevention education on grade 7 students' knowledge and skills,and provide basic information for CSA prevention education in middle school. Methods Convenient sample was used in this study.Students of grade 7 in this study were from 3 schools in Beijing,China.The students were divided into education group and control group by class randomly.The CSA prevention education was conducted by school teachers using the unified curriculum.Pre-test,post-test and follow-up test were completed by the students to evaluate the impact of school CSA prevention education on the students' knowledge and skills. Results About CSA prevention knowledge and skills,before education there was no significant difference between the scores of students in the education group and control group (knowledge 2.17 vs 2.21;skills 1.97 vs 1.97).One week and 4 months after education,the scores of knowledge and skills of students in the education group were significantly higher than the scores of students in the control group (post-test,knowledge:3.20 vs 2.35,skills:2.72 vs 2.09; follow-up test,knowledge:3.00 vs 2.58,skills:2.58 vs 2.20),the differences were significant statistically (P all<0.01). Conclusion School CSA prevention education can help Grade 7 students to learn CSA prevention knowledge and skills effectively.

Comparison study on sharing behavior of children coming from two different education models

NIU Yu-bai,LI Zhan-xing,HU Ying.

2013, 21(1):  27-29. 

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Objective To compare the sharing behavior of children coming from two different education models,and provide some evidence for the prevalence of mixed-age education. Methods The study used the sweets,the toy car and the learning experience as three different things to be shared,and discriminated two different sharing objects-the younger children and the same-age children,with the subjects being sixty preschoolers coming from two different education models. Results There was no significant gender effect,but the effect of different sharing things was absolutely obvious(P<0.05).The mixed-age education children were more likely to share learning experience than toy car and sweets,while the same-age education children demonstrated a similar trend.Besides,the mixed-age education children were more willing to share with their younger partners,this effect was significant in the condition when they shared toy car(P<0.05). Conclusion Mixed-aged education could accelerate children's sharing behavior with their younger partners.

State and correlations of mental health and self-concept of urban migrant children in China

HU Tao,GUO Cheng,LIU Min.

2013, 21(1):  30-33. 

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Objective To explore the characteristics of mental health and self-concept and their correlations of urban migrant children in China. Methods Urban migrant primary students and secondary school students (PSMH) in Guizhou were investigated with mental health test and Tennessee Self concept Scale (TSCS).Finally 453 valid questionnaires of urban migrant children had been selected from those questionnaires. Results The ratio of mental health symptom in urban migrant children was higher than that of common children (χ²=78.74,P<0.01).The incidences of self-reproach,dread,impulsion and the total points of PSMH in the girls were higher than those in the boys(P all<0.05).There were significant differences among grades in the total points and other factors of PSMH (P<0.01).The level of self-concept in urban migrant children was lower than that of common children.The incidences of some factors of self-concept in the girls were higher than those in the boys(P<0.05 or <0.01).There was significance difference among grades in all factors of self-concept.There were significance correlations between the total points and all the factors of PSMH except physical symptom and self-reproach (P all<0.05). Conclusions There are significant differences between gender and among grades in all factors of PSMH and TSCS,and significant correlations exist between mental health and self-concept.

Problem behavioral characteristics and its relationship with the social support of the left-home-kids in rural areas of Guizhou

BAN Yong-fei,SONG Juan,WU Xiao-yong.

2013, 21(1):  34-36. 

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Objective To study the relationship between problem behaviors and social support,and provide a theory basis for protect the healthy growth of the left-home-kids. Method 663 left-home-kids of Guizhou were investigated with youth social support questionnaire,advantages and difficulties questionnaire(the edition for students) by sample random sampling with statistical methods using descriptive statistics,the difference test,correlation and regression analysis. Results Problem behaviors of the left-home-kids was normal level of 27.9%,the edge of the level of 24.6%,the abnormal levels of 47.5%;Three levels problem behaviors were significant differences in the three degrees of social support（P<0.001）;There was a certain degree of negative correlation between social support and problem behaviors (r=-0.038~-0.242);Subjective support and objective support for problem behavior had a significant negative prediction (Beta=-0.242,-0.167 and -0.130，P<0.01). Conclusion The more social support leads to the less problem behavior in left-home-kids,subjective support and objective support are the main factors of the problem behavior.

Factor analysis on health literacy of junior middle school students in China

GUO Shuai-jun,YU Xiao-ming,WANG Lu,SUN Yu-ying.

2013, 21(1):  37-39. 

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Objective To explore the status and influencing factors of health literacy among junior middle school students in China. Methods 2 616 students from national 25 provinces,municipalities were surveyed by self-reported questionnaire by the method of two stage cluster-stratified sampling.Data were analyzed by SPSS 13.0. Results There were gender,model of school-based health education and geographical region differences among junior middle school students' health literacy (P<0.05); health literacy overall average score of these adolescents was 76.11±8.65 and only 35.5% of them scored ≥80 (passing line).On the part in fundamental literacy,the passing rate was 26.6%,and 59.2% on the part in practical literacy. Conclusion The health literacy level of junior middle school students should be improved,and school-based health education is the best way to improve students' health literacy.

Relationship between self-conception level and Child Behavior Checklist

ZHAO Yong-xian,ZHANG Wan-xia,ZHAO Jin-qi,KONG Yuan-yuan.

2013, 21(1):  40-42. 

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Objective To know the children's self-conception level in a primary school in Beijing,and to probe the relationship between children's self-conception level and the Child Behavior Checklist. Methods Students in grade 3 to 6 and their parents would be surveyed by using Child Behavior Checklist(CBCL) and Piers-Harris Children's Self-Concept Scale (CSCS) respectively in a primary school in Beijing,then the results were analyzed by statistical methods. Results 135 children including 69 boys and 66 girls involved in this study.The differences of self-conception level between boys and girls had no statistics significance (χ²=5.180,P=0.055).The lower scores in children problem subscale(r=-0.423)and the higher scores in social competence subscale(r=0.803),the higher scores were found in the two subscales in CSCS:physical appearance and attributes(r=0.777)and behavioral adjustment (r=0.599)according to canonical correlation analysis. Conclusions 1)The difference of self-conception between boys and girls have not be found.2)The CBCL can forecast the status of the child's self-conception in some subscales.

Efficacy analysis of comprehensive intervention on the autistic children

CHEN Qiang,ZENG Shu-ping,ZHOU Xiang,ZHUANG Zhi-cheng,ZENG Cai-xia,CHEN Hong,JIANG Zhen-feng.

2013, 21(1):  43-45. 

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Objective To study the efficacy of comprehensive intervention on the autistic children. Methods After 60 cases (boys 51,girls 9,aged from 1.5 to 6.5) with autism according to the DSM-IV were assessed,individual convention plan was made.The plan,emphasizing family involvement,was applied in training,including Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA),Treatment and Education of Autistic and Related Communication Handicapped Children (TEACCH) and Relationship Development Intervention (RDI).The scores of Autism Treatment Evaluation Checklist (ATEC) and Infant-Junior Middle school Social Adaptive Capacity Scale (SM)were investigated before and after training. Results The ATEC total score of 60 autistic children was significantly decreased from 79.83±16.98 to 46.82±6.95(P<0.01).The subscale scores including language,social intercourse,sensory and behavior were decreased(P<0.01),and the score of less than 3 years of age group was better than that of greater than 3 years group,and the difference was significant(P<0.01).The SM score was increased from 7.43±1.16 to 8.87±1.06,and the score of less than 3 years of age group was better than that of greater than 3 years group too,and the difference was significant(P<0.01). Conclusion The training strategy of comprehensive intervention in a certain extent could alleviate the symptoms of autism and improve its ability to adapt the society.

Effect of pre-gestational stress on learning and memory function and the expression of synaptotagmin I and synaptotagmin IV in hippocampus of the offspring rats

HUANG Yue-jun,SHI Xue-chuan,CHEN Si-hong,YANG Han-hua,LAI Hui-hong,LI Bi-yan.

2013, 21(1):  46-49. 

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Objective To investigate the effect of pre-gestational stress on the spacial memory of the offspring rats as well as the expression of synaptotagmin I (syt I) and synaptotagmin IV (syt IV) in hippocampus when they were one month old. Methods Adult female SD rats were divided randomly into two groups:control group (n=8) and chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) group (n=12).The spacial memory of the offspring rats was tested in Morris water maze when they were one month old.Serum cortisol (COR) and corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) levels of maternal rats and offspring rats were determined by using a standard Elisa kit.The expression of syt I and syt IV in the hippocampus of the offspring rats were studied by immunohistochemistry. Results 1)After the stress procedure and post-delivery,maternal serum CRH and COR level in CUS group were higher than control group.2)Morris water maze test showed that the escape latency of offspring rats in CUS group were longer than in control group; Number of times that the rat crossed the position of offspring rats in CUS group were less than in control group.3)The CRH and COR level of offspring rats in CUS group were higher than in control group.4)There were statistical differences of the mean optical density (MOD) of syt I and syt IV at GA3,DG in the offspring rats between cus group and control group (All P<0.05). Conclusion Pre-gestational stress impaires the spacial memory of the offspring rats and reduces the expressions of syt I and syt IV in hippocampus of them.

Effect of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 on learning memory of Homer 1a RNA interference rats

HONG Qin,CHI Xia,YANG Lei,GUO Xi-rong,TONG Mei-ling,ZHANG Min,CHEN Rong-hua,FEI Li,GUO Mei,PAN Xiao-qin.

2013, 21(1):  50-53. 

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Objective Learning and memory abilities of rats were observed damaged in the Morris water maze,after expressions of Homer 1a in their brain interfered by RNA interference (RNA interference,RNAi).Expressions of mGluR 5 in their brain were detected to explore the molecular mechanism of learning and memory impairment after expressions of Homer 1a in their brain interfered by RNAi. Methods 24 Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into two groups:Homer 1a RNAi group (RNAi group,n=12) and control group (Nc group,n=12),and injected into the intracerebroventricular of the rats with Homer 1a RNAi lentivirus or nonsense lentivirus,respectively.Seven days later,completed the behavior tests (Morris Water Maze),mRNA and protein expressions of mGluR5 in some regions (prefrontal cortex,striatum,hippocampus) were analyzed using Quantitative PCR and Western blot. Result mGluR5 mRNA and protein expression in the striatum and hippocampus of RNAi group compared with the control group were significantly lower (striatum:mRNA t=6.67,protein t=3.10;hippocampus:mRNA t=3.08;protein t=2.89,all P<0.05 or <0.01),while there were no significant differences in the prefrontal(mRNA t=1.58,protein t=1.66,all P>0.05). Conclusion Homer 1a RNAi rats exhibit learning and memory impairment,and the expressions of Homer 1a and its related gene mGluR5 are changed,suggesting that mGluR5,as Homer 1a downstream gene,is involved in the mechanisms of learning and memory impairment after expressions of Homer 1a in their brain interfered by RNAi.

Study of anxious and depressive emotion of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder with oppositional defiant disorder

HUANG Guang-wen,SU Lin-yan,MA Min,HE Man-fen,XIE Gao-mei.

2013, 21(1):  65-67. 

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Objective To explore the emotional problem of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) with and without oppositional defiant disorder (ODD). Methods 55(59.14%) ADHD children with ODD,38(40.86%) ADHD children without ODD,93 children were evaluated with the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED) and Depression Self-rating Scale for Children (DSRSC),and 93 parents completed family information.Anxious and depressive emotion problems were compared with two groups. Result The ADHD with ODD group showed significantly higher somatization/panic,general anxiety,separated anxiety,socialization phobia,school phobia and anxiety total score,depression total score (t=2.105~5.145,P<0.001~0.05). Conclusions Children of ADHD with ODD have much more anxious and depressive emotion problems than simply ADHD.More attention should be paid to intervene the emotional problem of children with ADHD and ODD.

Meta-analysis on mental health of left-behind children

LIU Xia,ZHANG Yue-bing,SONG Ai-qin,LIANG Ya-jun,ZHAI Jing-hua,LI Yin-long,SHI Jing-qin.

2013, 21(1):  68-70. 

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Objective To systematically evaluate and comparatively analyze the mental health status of the left-behind and the non-left behind children in countryside of China,and to provide scientific evidence for the improvement of the left-behind children's mental health level. Methods Such databases as CNKI,VIP,Wanfang Data and CBM (1979 to 2012)were searched.According to the standard of the inclusion criteria（published papers,MHT scale was used,the non-left-behind children as the control group,completed sample statistics）,12 articles were extracted from the included literatures and RevMan4.2 software was used for Meta-analyses.The test showed heterogeneity so that a random effect model was applied to study WMD and the 95% confidential interval. Results 8 dimensions of MHT(study-anxiety,social-anxiety,solitude trend,body symptom,phobia trend,actuation trend,al-lergy trend and self-accusation trend) were statistical significance except last 2 items and the scores of the left-behind children were higher than the non-left behind children（P=0.000 1~0.03）. Conclusion Targeted measures should be taken for mental health education of the left-behind children of rural.

Analysis of Gesell test for children with developmental language disorder

XU Ya-qin,HU Xiao-sha,LIANG Yi,CHI Xia,TONG Mei-ling,GUO Xi-rong,GU Xiao-qi.

2013, 21(1):  71-73. 

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Objective To investigate developmental impairment in several domains that might be associated with developmental language disorder. Method Evaluations were performed for sixty children with Gesell test,and with 60 cases in comparison with normal children carried on the analysis comparison. Results 1)The abnormal rate were 40.0%,28.3%,40.0% in gross motor,fine motor and personal social in children with developmental language disorder.2)The adaptive,gross motor,fine motor,language and personal-social five energy region score were lower in children with developmental language disorder than the control group and the differences were statistically significant.3)Language ability of children with developmental language disorder was positively correlated with fine motor and personal-social skill. Conclusion Children with developmental language disorder always concomitant gross motor and fine motor impairment,so more developmental domains of these children should be evaluated.

Analysis of behavioral adjustment in school-aged children born with very low birth weight

ZENG Xiao-lu,ZHONG Min-quan,CEN Chao-qun,ZOU Xiao-bing,YANG Jie,ZHONG Xiang-ming.

2013, 21(1):  73-76. 

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Objective To evaluate behavioral adjustment and its influential factors among school-aged children born with very low birth weight(VLBW). Method The BASICS Behavioral Adjustment Scale was used to investigate 235 very low birth weight children and 396 normal birth weight(NBW) children who studied in mainstream schools,parents of the children completed the questionaire. Results A total of 570 out of 631 questionaires were completed,with a response rate of 90.3%.Scores for VLBW group in dimension of achievement,self-relations,internal state and total scores were significantly higher than those of the NBW group (respectively 3.06±0.93,3.62±0.88,4.11±1.18 and 3.19±0.71 vs 2.29±0.85,2.27±0.78,2.45±0.86 and 2.31±0.75,P all<0.05).Multiple regression analysis showed that higer family economics status and main caregiver education level were predictors of better behavioral adjustment among the VLBW group.While those with neonatal intracranial hemorrhage and higer doses of corticosteroid had worse behavioral adjustment. Conclusion VLBW children have increased behavior problems,early evaluation and intervention is recommended.

Correlation between students' family environment and their depressed mood

WU Guo-lan,FU Mao-sun,LIU Dan,ZHAO An-quan,HE Rong-xia,LEI Hong-min,XU Guang-huan,WANG Dong-xin.

2013, 21(1):  76-79. 

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Objective To explore the relationship between depressive mood of middle school students and family environment,and provide basis for students' mental health improvement. Method A sample of 840 students were surveyed by using questionnaires on the Zung Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS) and Family Environment Scale (FES-CV),and Self-rated Inventory. Results Of all the respondents,365(43.5%)had depression (SDS>40),and mild,moderate and severe depression were 259(30.8%),87(10.4%) and 19(2.3)%,respectively.Depression score of girls was higher than boys,depression and family conflict score of senior high school students were both higher than junior high school students.Scores of depression were negative correlated with the family cohesion,expressiveness,intellectual-cultural orientation,active-recreational orientation,and organization(r=-0.24,-0.23,-0.20,-0.20,-0.19 and -0.23,respectively,P<0.01),and scores were significantly positive correlation with family conflict (r=0.27,P<0.01). Conclusion Family environmental factors have important influence on depression,health services should pay attention to psychology develops of adolescents who lived in bad family environment.

Analysis of hearing impairment in children with language developmental delay

GE Hai-jing,ZHANG Yi-wen,LIU Xiu-mei,XU Xiao-juan.

2013, 21(1):  79-82. 

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Objective To investigate the hearing impairment in children with language developmental delay,and provide reference for clinical evaluation of language delayed children. Methods 539 children with language developmental delay were included,and all were tested for pediatric audiometer (PA5).If the results of PA5 were abnormal,then there was a need to do otoacoustic emission(OAE),Acoustic impedance audiometer and auditory brainstem response(ABR). Result Hearing impairment accounted for a certain proportion in children with language developmental delay;Pediatric Audiometer found 25 abnormal cases,and indicated positive rate of hearing screening was 4.46%;Only 15 of the 25 children were then tested by ABR,5 children were diagnosed as hearing impairment,which accounted for 20% of positive screening;2 cases were middle ear effusion and 3 were moderate hearing loss. Conclusions Children with language delay should do hearing test as a routine,even for children who had already passed neonatal hearing screening.In that case the influence of hearing impairment on child language development earlier can be found and maken the language delayed children receive earlier diagnosis and intervention.

Statues of sub-health and its relationship with family and school atmosphere among 460 middle school students in Taiyuan

JI Cheng-wei,LUO Wei-min,HU Shu.

2013, 21(1):  82-84. 

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Objective To explore the statues of sub-health and study the influence of family and school atmosphere to it among the junior middle school students. Methods 460 students of a junior middle school in Taiyuan collected by multistage sampling were investigated with the multidimensional sub-health questionnaire of adolescents,the Chinese version of the family environment scale,and the school life satisfaction rating questionnaire. Results The incidence of sub-health among junior middle school students was 47.2%.There was no significant difference between the boy and the girl students about the incidence of sub-health(P>0.05).The incidence of sub-health of the students in grade three was higher than that in the lower grades(P<0.05).Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that conflict,achievement orientation in family were risk factors of sub-health,while cohesion,active-recreational orientation,etc in family and higher school life satisfaction were protective factors of sub-health. Conclusion Effective measures should be taken to improve the family and school atmosphere in order to prevent the junior middle school students from sub-health.

Study on depression symptoms and associated family environment factors in primary and middle school students of Daqing

LUO Kai,HE Lu-na,SHANG Jin,REN Xiao-fei,WANG Yi-jun.

2013, 21(1):  85-87. 

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Objective To study the occurrence of depression symptoms and associated family environment factors in primary and middle school students of Daqing and provide basic data and basis for the students' mental health intervention. Methods Multiple random sample method was used in the study.1 673 primary and middle school students were sampled.Depression Self-rating Scale for Children (DSRSC) and Family Environment Scale-Chinese Version(FES-CV) were used in the sampled students. Results 1) The mean score of DSRSC was 9.93±5.13,boys' and girls' were 9.96±5.09 and 9.88±5.16,respectively and difference was not statistically significant(t=0.264，P＞0.05);The incidence of depression in boys and girls also had no statistical significant difference(χ²=0.538，P＞0.05).2) Close degree,emotional expression,success,informative,entertaining,moral religion and organized in family environment factors had negative correlations with depression(P＜0.01),contradictoriness had passive correlation with depression(P＞0.01).3) Stepwise regression analysis showed that close degree,emotional expression,contradictoriness,informative,moral religion and organized turned into the regression equation,regression coefficients were -0.466,-0.330,0.506,-0.223,-0.163,-0.161 and -0.349 respectively. Conclusions Family environment is one of the reasons which influent primary and middle school students' depression,improving the family environment helps to improve the primary and middle school students' mental health level.

Study on the temperament of cognitive development for high risk infants aged 0~3 years old

ZHENG Rong,HONG Qin,SU Kai,ZHANG Min,YU Qian,XU Ya-qin,TONG Mei-ling,CHI Xia.

2013, 21(1):  88-89. 

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Objectiv To study the temperament of cognitive development for high risk infants,and provide a reference for effective clinical early intervention.Method 204 cognitive development for high risk infants and 112 normal infants aged 0~3 years old were tested by two specific questionnaires chosen from the Carey infants' Temperament Questionnaire.Results Significant difference was found between difficult nurturing types and slow startup types.Significant difference were found in rhythm,aversion,adaptation,persistence and attention between the cognitive development for high risk infants and normal infants(P<0.05).There was no statistical difference for temperament types between different genders.Significant difference were found in activity and persistence(P<0.05). Conclusions The temperament of cognitive development for high risk infants has special character.In order to improve their development,measures should be adopted according to its qualities.

Survey of social anxiety and related influence factors of 3~5 grades students in Harbin

GAO Peng,SHANG Jin,HE Lu-na,REN Xiao-fei,WANG Yi-jun.

2013, 21(1):  90-92. 

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Objective To study the social anxiety situation of 3~5 grades students,deeply discuss the relationship between the social anxiety situation and influence factors,provide basic data and science basis for pupils' mental health. Methods Convenience sample method was used in 3 primary schools in Harbin,all 3~5 grades pupils and their parents(927) were sampled.Social Anxiety Scale for Children,Egna Minnenav Bardndosna Uppforstran,Core Self-Evaluations Scale and Social Support Rating Scale were used in the sampled pupils.Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Inventory and Self-Rating Anxiety Scale were used in the sampled parents. Results The incidence of 927 pupils' social anxiety was 26.3% in this investigation,the incidence of girls(13.7%) was higher than that of boys(12.6%),but there was no significant difference(χ²=0.01,P=0.922).Parental emotional warmth and understanding,social support and core self-evaluations had negative correlation with pupils' social anxiety(r=-0.068、-0.089、-0.196、-0.481),other influence factors had passive correlation with pupils' social anxiety,parental anxiety and parental preference had no significant correlations with pupils' social anxiety.Core Self-Evaluations,paternal over-protection,maternal Emotional Warmth and Understanding and paternal depression turn into the regression equation,regression coefficient were respectively -0.258,0.137,0.050 and 0.040. Conclusions Parents over-demand and over-protect their kids and lack of emotional warmth and understanding to the kids are risk factors of pupils' social anxiety occurrence.High social support and core self-evaluation help children develop their social communication skills.

Temperament analysis of 344 infants of Hongkou district,Shanghai

BAO Qi-meng,CHEN Qing,LU Xing-xing,XIA You-jia,YAO Fang-ying,LI Hua-ping,MIU Hui-fang.

2013, 21(1):  95-97. 

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Objective To discuss the temperament characteristic of the baby,and provide the basis for early intervention.Method Temperament test and analysis on 344 babies of nine months old were made by "revised edition of the baby temperament questionnaire "in Hongkou district Shanghai.Results The baby temperament types were dominated by easy-raised type and the middle type.There were no significant differences on infant temperament type in terms of gender.In terms of temperament dimensions of the baby boy and baby girl,there were differences on dimension one-level of activity,while there were no significant differences on the remaining dimensions.There were no significant differences on the distribution of temperament types of Shanghai household and non household registration babies.In terms of temperament dimensions,there were differences on dimension two-rhythm characteristic,while there were no significant differences among the remaining dimensions.Conclusions The baby temperament types are dominated by easy-raised type and the middle type while they are different from each other.It can provide evidence for the early interference on temperament if the temperament characteristics of children were known as early as possible.

Accident injury investigation and analysis of 3 098 children aged 0~6 years old in Xi'an

ZHAO Hong.

2013, 21(1):  98-100. 

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Objective To analyse accident reasons of the occurrence and characteristics of 0 to 6 years old children in Xi`an and provide theoretical basis for the development of the children's injury prevention intervention. Method 3 098 cases of children accident harm material were anaylsed from Xi'an Five Municipal Hospitals. Results 1)0 to 6 years old children accident harm common type were sequence for fall/fall injury,trachea,traffic accidents,and burn/burning/burn,accidental poisoning,over heat in turn;2)From the age distribution could see that Xi'an children accident harm ratio increased with the increase of age;3)From the gender distribution could see that Xi'an children accident harm gender occur ratio all had significant differences in early childhood and preschool period (P<0.05);4)Different age children had different accident injury risk factors each.Wu heat syndrome restricted to infantile children,trachea were more in preschool period of children,the rest of the damage presented increasing performance with increase of age;5)From accident harm regional see that other accident happened in the countryside were higher than the city in addition to fall/fall injury outside. Conclusions Accident harm is serious threat factors of children's health life,the whole society should participate in and strengthen safety legislation,safety education and safety management,to provide corresponding technical support,prevent and reduce children's accident.

Effects of short-term structural play therapy on children with social anxiety

LIU Min-na,SHEN Ting,ZHOU Yin-yue,GAO Xue-ting,HUANG Zhe.

2013, 21(1):  100-103. 

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Objective To explore the treatment effect of short-term structural play therapy on children with social anxiety. Methods 23 cases of social anxiety disorders were divided into two groups:12 children received structural play therapy intervention and other 11 children were formed the control group.After the play therapy,all children were evaluated by The Social Anxiety Scale for Children(SASC),Mental Health Test(MHT) and Inventory of Subjective Life Quality(ISLQ). Results After intervention the difference of social anxiety scores were significant between the two groups (P<0.01).After the play therapy,the level of mental health and subjective life quality in the experiment group had been raised. Conclusion Short-term structural play therapy is effective to cure the children with social anxiety disorder in the near future.

Investigation on the behavior problems of children aged 4~11 years old in Muping area

DU Jian-e,ZHANG Xiao-lei,ZHU Ming-zhe.

2013, 21(1):  103-105. 

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Objective To investigate the behavior problems of children aged 4 to 11 years old in Muping area. Method A total of 2 453 children aged 4 to 11 years old were randomly sampled from kindergartens and primary schools in Muping area,and Conners Parent Symptom Questionnaire (PSQ) was completed by their parents. Result The assessment by the norm of PSQ in Chinese urban children demonstrated that the average prevalence of behavior problems was 10.7%,learning and psychosomatic problems were the main problems. Conclusion The learning and psychosomatic problems were the main problems in the children aged 4 to 11 years old in Muping area.

Detection and analysis of blood lead,zinc and ferrum levels of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

MU Wen-feng,SONG Jin-lian,DING Wei.

2013, 21(1):  106-108. 

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Objective To explore the relationship between children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and their blood lead,zinc and ferrum levels. Method Blood lead,zinc and ferrum levels of 70 ADHD children and 60 healthy controls were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. Results The blood zinc and ferrum levels [(74.39±10.71)μmol/L,(8.52±0.58)mmol/L] were lower in ADHD children,than those in health controls [(80.60±9.07)μmol/L,(8.76±0.51)mmol/L,t=3.538 or 2.536,P<0.01 or <0.05].The blood lead level [(57.3±20.9)μg/L] was higher in ADHD children than that in health controls [(45.9±17.4)μg/L,t=3.357,P<0.01]. Conclusion Blood lead is high and zinc and ferrum is deficient in some ADHD children,which should be determined routinely and retrieved as soon as possible.

Analysis of the effect of health education programs to raise parents' parenting knowledge

HAN Xuan,HUANG Mei,JIANG Tao-tao,XU Zhe-jun.

2013, 21(1):  109-111. 

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Objective To carry out parenting knowledge and skills training to improve parents' parenting style,and the mental health of children. Method 132 parents were collected to study parenting knowledge and skills and conducted questionnaire surveys one week before and one week after the training,then compared the training effect. Result The differences of parent-rearing attitudes、styles,skills and contents between before and after the training were significant (P<0.05). Conclusion Parenting knowledge and skills training is a way to improve parents' parenting abilities then it will bring benefit on developing children's healthy personalities and mentalities.