Table of Content

06 April 2012, Volume 20 Issue 4

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Parenting stress and affective symptoms in parents with autistic children

GONG Yun,DU Ya-song,LI Hui-lin,ZHANG Xi-yan,AN Yu,WU Bo-lin

2012, 20(4):  297-301. 

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【Objectives】 To examine the parenting stress and mental health status and related factors associated with parenting stress in parents of children with autism. 【Methods】 Participants in this study were 196 parents of autistic children diagnosed with DSM-IV and 144 parents of normal children.The parents in two groups finished Parenting Stress Index(PSI),Self-rating Depression Scale(SDS) and Self-rating Anxiety Scale(SAS).Parents of autistic children also completed Autism Behavior Checklist(ABC) and the Children Autism Rating Scale (CARS). 【Results】 1)Parents of autistic children reported substantially higher scores of stress in the child domain,parent domain and total PSI than that of parents with normal children(P=0.000);2)Fathers and mothers of children with autism had higher SDS and SAS scores than those of parents of normal children (P=0.000).Mothers of children with autism reported higher scores in both SDS and SAS than those of the fathers(P=0.000);3)Elevated depression scores were more common in mothers of children with autism than those of fathers with autistic children and parents of normal children.There was no difference in elevated depression and anxiety scores between fathers of autistic children and parents of normal children;4)Parenting stress was positively correlated with severity of symptom of autistic children,children's behavior problems,SDS and SAS scores of parents of autistic children;5)Regression analysis indicated that ABC score,anxious level of mothers and age of autistic children were the related factors of parenting stress,accounting for 54.9% of the total variatio. 【Conclusions】 Parents with autistic children experienced higher level of stress,depression and anxiety than that of parents with normal children.Mothers of autistic children were more vulnerable to suffer from depression than fathers and parents of normal children.Behavior problems of autistic children was the major predictor of parenting stress.

Characteristics of Chinese static facial expressions recognition and emotion attribution in children with autism

GU Li-ping,JING Jin,JIN Yu,CHEN Qiang,FAN Fang,XU Gui-feng,HUANG Sai-jun

2012, 20(4):  302-305. 

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【Objective】 To evaluate the ability and characteristics of facial expression recognition and emotion attribution in children with autism. 【Methods】 The photos from Chinese Static facial expression photos were chosen for the test.19 children with autism [age (9.0±1.8)y,17 boys and 2 girls] participated in the test,while 21 normal children [age (9.7±1.8)y,19 boys and 2 girls] were matched by gender and age as control group.They accepted facial expression emotion matching recognition test,facial emotion naming recognition test and emotion attribution test.Results were analysed in 5 aspects,which included emotion matching score,emotion naming score,emotion target attribution score,emotion matching attribution score and emotion naming attribution score. 【Results】 Except fear emotion naming,there was statistical significance in both facial emotion matching recognition and naming recognition score between groups(P＜0.05).Except fear target emotion attribution,there was statistical difference in all emotion attribution score between groups(P＜0.05).There was no statistical difference in emotion attribution score in autism group(P＞0.01),while emotion naming attribution score was higher than emotion matching attribution score and target emotion attribution score (P＜0.01) in control group.In autism group,only happy emotion matching score was higher than neutral and negative emotion matching score(P＜0.002 3).In control group,happy emotion matching score,emotion naming score and emotion attribution score were higher than neutral and negative emotion score. 【Conclusions】 Children with autism appear to have deficit in facial emotion recognition and emotion attribution,and the development pattern of recognizing basic facial expression is different from normal children,while they discriminate emotion in a non-emotional way.

Study on relationship between estrogen receptor genes polymorphisms and autistic children's clinical phenotype feature

WANG Xue-lai,ZHOU Xue,FUJISAWA Takashi,NISHITANI Shota,TOMODA Akemi,SHINOHARA Kazuyuki,WU Li-jie

2012, 20(4):  306-308. 

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【Objective】 To investigate the relationship between estrogen receptor polymorphisms and autistic children's clinical phenotype feature. 【Methods】 TaqMan Probes Real-time PCR was used to detect the genotypes of two SNPs of ER in 127 autistic children.The Children Autism Rating Scale(CARS)was used to evaluate clinical phenotype feature. 【Results】 There was no significant difference in mild-medium group and severe group of CARS scores between different genotypes of rs11155819 and rs1152582 (P>0.05).For rs11155819,significant difference was found in verbal communication subscale between genotypes C/T and T/T (P=0.048).For rs1152582,significant differences were found in nonverbal communication subscale and activity level subscale between genotypes C/C and G/G(P=0.035;P=0.030). 【Conclusions】 In rs11155819,the children with T/T genotype had more obvious verbal communication difficulty than the children with C/T genotype.In rs1152582,the children with C/C genotype had more obvious nonverbal communication difficulty and abnormal activity than the children with G/G genotype.

Reliability and validity of Chinese version of the Pervasive Developmental Disorders Screening Questionnaire

HE Li-na,LI Xiang,WANG Jia,GUO Lan-min,SUN Cai-hong,XIA Wei,WU Li-jie

2012, 20(4):  309-313. 

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【Objective】 To revise the questionnaire of Pervasive Developmental Disorders Screening Questionnaire,(PDDSQ)(Chinese version),analyze the reliability,validity,sensitivity and specificity of PDDSQ,and supply the simple,convenient and effective tool for the autism screening of large sample size in our country. 【Method】 A total of 639 aged 12~47 months and 727 aged 4~18 years children's (consist of autism,mental retardation/cerebral palsy and normal control) parents were tested to analyze the reliability and validity of the questionnaire. 【Results】 Using exploratory factor analysis to evaluate the Chinese version of the PDDSQ,two factors were selected in each age category,and AMOS 17.0 was used in the confirmatory factor analysis of structure equation models.The results showed a good validity.The alpha reliability coefficients for the total scale of the two ages were 0.903 and 0.925,the split-half reliability coefficients were 0.818 and 0.861,and the 1-month re-test reliability were 0.707 and 0.641. 【Conclusion】 The Chinese version of the PDDSQ shows good validity and reliability for autism screening in China.

Research on visual and aural combined training for the inattention and bad emotion of children with autism

CHEN Bing-mei,LI Xue-rong,ZHOU Zhi-ming,CHEN Jin-mei

2012, 20(4):  314-316. 

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【Objective】 To research the visual and aural combined training for children with autism. 【Methods】 All cases were in-patients.There were total 62 cases(56 boys,6 girls) with autism diagnosis depended on ICD-10.Divided them into two groups (28 boys and 3 girls in one group).Group A aged:2.10~6.92 years olds,the mains were (4.49±1.12)years olds.They were trained 6 hr/per day only.Group B Aged:2.14~7.01 years old,the mains were(4.38±1.92)years olds.They were trained 5.5 hr/per day add with the visual and aural combined training about 30 min/per day.The ages,symptom,and the score of ABC scale were no significantly differences in two groups. 【Results】 The period of training were 3~6 months.The mains were 4.50 months(group A)and 4.56 months(group B).There were more changes on inattention and bad emotion in Group B than group A(P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 Visual and aural combined training has been had more helpful for the symptom of inattention and bad emotion of children with autism.

Parental attachment of children with autism spectrum disorder

ZOU Bing,WANG Ming-chun,CHEN Tu-nong,KE Xiao-yan,ZHAN Ming-xin,CHEN Yi-xin

2012, 20(4):  317-319. 

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【Objective】 Explore the characteristics of attachment of autistic children's parent. 【Methods】 It was a cross-sectional study based on the comparison of the assessment result of 68 autism children's parents and 135 normal controls' parents.Using Experiences in Close Relationship inventory (ECR).Relationship Questionnaire(RQ) and self-produced questionnaire. 【Results】 There was no significant difference between two groups in neither fathers' attachment type(χ²=4.574,P>0.05)nor in mothers' attachment type(χ²=4.294,P>0.05).Scores in attachment anxiety dimension of autistic children's fathers were higher than the control group without showing significant difference(t=1.958,P>0.05).No significant difference was found in attachment avoidance dimension between two groups of fathers.There was no significant difference in attachment anxiety dimension and avoidance dimension between two groups of mothers. 【Conclusion】 No significant difference is found in attachment avoidance dimension between two groups of fathers.There is no significant difference in attachment anxiety dimension and avoidance dimension between two groups of mothers.

Perinatal risk factors and family history of autism and mental retardation:a case control study

ZHANG Ying,XU Qiong,LU Ping,LI Bei,XU Xiu

2012, 20(4):  320-322. 

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【Objective】 To explore the differences of perinatal risk factors and relative family history between autism and mental retardation. 【Methods】 A case-control study carried out on three groups:100 autistic patients,60 mental retardation patients and 80 healthy controls with normal development.Patients and controls in the three groups were recruited from Children's Hospital of Fudan University.ANOVA,Rank-sum test and Chi-square test methods for statistical analyses were used . 【Results】 Both patient groups with autism and mental retardation had a significantly higher rate of family history (35.0% vs 6.3%,P＜0.001;31.7% vs 6.3%,P=0.005)than control group.However,there was no statistical significance between the two patient groups (P=0.362).The rates of maternal conditions during pregnancy were different between three groups (28.00% vs 45.00% vs 26.25%,χ²=6.635,P=0.036),but there was no statistically significant difference between every pairs of groups in pairwise comparison.Maternal age in autistic group was significantly higher than that of control group (P＜0.001).With respect to perinatal history of hypoxia or asphyxia,no significant difference was observed between the three groups,neither were No.of previous pregnancies and deliveries,gestational age at birth,mode of delivery and birth weight. 【Conclusions】 1)Patients with autism and mental retardation have a similar rate of family history,and both are significantly higher than the normal children;2)Late pregnancy may be a risk factor for autistic disorder.

Eye-tracking study on face recognition in children with autism spectrum disorders

FAN Yue-bo,HOU Tan-zhi,YI Li,HUANG Dan,FAN Kai,JIE Xiao-feng

2012, 20(4):  323-326. 

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【Objective】 To explore face scanning patterns in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). 【Method】 With a Tobii T60 eye tracker,the differences were compared and analyzed in scanning patterns of familiar faces,unfamiliar faces and the self face between children with ASD and typical controls. 【Result】 The study found shorter fixation duration at the core facial features (eyes,mouth and nose,P<0.05),and longer at non-feature regions in children with ASD than in typically developing (TD) children(P<0.05). 【Conclusions】 Children with ASD have impairments of face processing,especially in the eyes and the mouth.Face scanning deficiency probably contributes to impairments in social emotion and communication function in children with ASD.

Family based study on relationship between NLGN4X gene 3'UTR polymorphism and autism

JIANG Zhi-mei,LI Hai-bei,GUO Lan-min,WANG Li-ping,PANG Wei,ZHANG Hu

2012, 20(4):  327-329. 

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【Objective】 To investigate the correlation between childhood autism and NLGN4X gene. 【Methods】 Two SNPs (rs5916269 and rs3810686) of NLGN4X gene 3'UTR were chosen for genetic marker.Genotypes of 276 members in 92 autism families were analyzed with Chain Termination Method.Then transmission disequilibrium test(TDT) was used to test the data of genotypes. 【Results】 No transmission disequilibrium association was found between autism and rs5916269 (TDT:χ²=0.385,P=0.620;HRR:χ²=0.345,P=0.557).Transmission disequilibrium was found between autism and rs3810686 (TDT:χ²=6.368,P=0.015;HRR:χ²=5.470,P=0.019). 【Conclusion】 The polymorphisms of rs5916269 in the NLGN4X are not associated with childhood autism,but the polymorphisms of rs3810686 in the NLGN4X are associated with childhood autism,NLGN4X gene may be susceptibility genes of autism.

Application of childhood anxiety sensitivity index

REN Fang,ZHANG Jin-song

2012, 20(4):  330-332. 

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【Objective】 To study the application of childhood anxiety sensitivity index(CASI)to determine the emotional disorders among children and adolescents,assess its sensitivity and specificity. 【Methods】 238 children aged 9~17 years were drawn by random from the outpatient clinic of psychology and child and adolescent healthcare department in Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University school of medicine to complete CASI.Among them,the children aged 9~16 years completed Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders(SCARED)and Depression Self-rating Scale for Children(DSRSC).ROC analysis was adopted. 【Results】 ROC analysis yielded a sensitivity of 67.6% at a specificity of a 64.9% when the cutting score was 9 for boys and a sensitivity of 75.0% at a specificity of 68.4% when the cutting score was 11 for girls.The total score and each factor score of anxiety group were higher than those of control group and the differences were significant.The CASI total score was positive correlate with SCARED or DSRSC total score(r=0.77,0.47). 【Conclusions】 The Chinese version of CASI has good sensitivity and specificity when the cutting score is 9 for boys and 11 for girls.It can be used to screen anxiety sensitivity of children and adolescents clinically.

Changes in global DNA methylation and the effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in diet-induced obese mice

SHEN Wen-wen,FAN Chao-nan,XIA Lu-lu,WANG Cui,DONG Hua,QI Ke-min

2012, 20(4):  333-335. 

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【Objective】 The aim of this study is to investigate the changes in global DNA methylation and the effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) in obesity. 【Methods】 Thirty 3~4 week-old C57BL/6J male mice were randomly divided into 3 groups.Mice were fed with two types of high-fat diet (containing 34.9% fat providing 60% of total energy) with n-6 PUFAs (fat from sunflower oil) and n-3 PUFAs (fat from fish oil) respectively to induce obesity for 14 weeks,with a normal-fat diet (4.3% fat providing 10% of total energy)(fat from sunflower oil) as lean control.After fasted for 12 hours,mice were sacrificed and the epididymal fat was collected.Global DNA methylation and the expression of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) from the adipose tissue were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. 【Results】 As compared to the lean control mice,the rates of global DNA methylation in adipose tissue were significantly increased in the two groups of diet-induced obese (DIO) mice.If the two groups of DIO mice were compared,the n-3 PUFAs in diets had inhibitory effects on the global DNA methylation.The expressions of DNMT1,DNMT3a and DNMT3b in the adipose tissue were higher in DIO mice fed the n-6 PUFAs diet compared to the normal-fat diet,whereas no changes were shown in the expression of these DNMTs in DIO mice fed the n-3 PUFAs diet. 【Conclusion】 The global DNA methylation in the adipose tissue of obesity increases and dietary fish oil n-3 PUFAs have inhibitory effects on DNA methylation.

Early screening on autism spectrum disorders in 18~24 months old children in Shenzhen:3 years follow up study

WEI Zhen,REN Lu-zhong,WENG Li-fen,GAO Wu-hong,HE Hui-jing,WANG Wei-shi,WAN Guo-bin

2012, 20(4):  354-357. 

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【Objective】 To investigate the prevalence and the feasibility of early diagnosis about autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in Shenzhen city by early screening on infants aged 18~24 months. 【Methods】 3 624 infants were screened by Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (CHAT) scale in Nanshan,Baoan,Longgang district in Shenzhen city,then screening positive infants were measured by transfer treatment,telephone interview,diagnostic evaluation and followed up for 3 years. 【Results】 244 infants were screened as positive subjects among the whole 3 624 infants and the total screening positive rate was 5.77%.There were 10 infants diagnosed as ASD,including 3 PDD-NOS,7 autisms.These infants who were suspected as ASD at the first diagnostic evaluation were still meet the same diagnosis after 3-years followed-up. 【Conclusions】 The ASD prevalence rate in ShenZhen city is lower than that reported on abroad,while is much higher than that in other regions in China.Healthy education should be strengthened to improve the social awareness of the disease and carry out early screening,early diagnosis and early intervention by the child healthcare system,which help to reduce the burden of the families and society.

Investigation on the comorbidity rates of school-aged Asperger syndrome children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and analysis of misdiagnosed reasons to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

LIANG Ya-yong,YANG Cui-ping,CEN Chao-qun,ZOU Xiao-bing

2012, 20(4):  357-360. 

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【Objective】 To investigate the comorbidity rates of school-aged Asperger syndrome children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) and to analyze the reasons of misdiagnoseing Asperger syndrome to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. 【Methods】 Using the Vanderbilt ADHD Rating Scales to evaluate the prevalence of ADHD in out-patient diagnosed 90 Asperger syndrome (AS) children (male 85,female 5) and the 249 control group children(male 223,female 16);Investigated the first diagnosis of the 39 AS children who were diagnosed in other hospitals,to got the reasons they were misdiagnosed to be attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. 【 Results 】 There were 44 in the 90 AS children consistent with the diagnose standard of ADHD,it was 48.7%;but it was only 9 in 249 common children reach the diagnose standard of ADHD,it was 3.6% .the prevalence of ADHD in AS children was higher than in common children,that's having a distinguished statistical significance(χ²=102.732,P<0.01).In the 39 AS children who were first diagnosed in other hospitals,only six children got the correct diagnosis,it was 15.4%,the misdiagnosis rate was 84.6%,19 children were misdiagnosed of ADHD,it was 48.7%. 【Conclusion】 The prevalence of ADHD in school-aged AS children is distinguished higher than normal control group children,and school-aged AS children always be misdiagnosed to be ADHD.

Research on the screen and influencial factors of hyperactivity in preschool children of Zhongshan city

GAO Jian-hui,DENG Cheng,GU Li-ping,HE Shu-hua,LIU Yu-ling,SHI Yu-qi,YE Chun-hong,HE Xiao-ling,CHEN Ang

2012, 20(4):  360-363. 

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【Objective】 To research the morbidity and the influencial factors of hyperactivity in children aged 3 to 6-year-old in Zhongshan. 【Methods】 Using stratified random sampling to choose children from kingdergardens of Zhongshan.Parents filled in the Conners Parent Symptom Questionnaire and background questionnaire.Univariate analyses and Logistic regression analysis were used to analysed the factors. 【Results】 The children from 66 pieces of kindergardens from 11 townships took part in the test.1 319 pieces of questionnaire were issued,while 12 804 pieces of questionnaire were withdrawed.The morbidity was 14.1%.Gender,age,living area,the education of parents,family income,living space,way of disciplining,the disease of neonatal period and the emotion and nutrition of pregnancy were the influential factors. 【Conclution】 In order to improve children's psychological development,the health education in those who got unfavourable pregnancy,who got the disease in neonatal period,and those family with low income,poor education of parents,despotic education and overprotection should be paid attention to.

Factors of behavior problems between different genders of preschool children in Changsha

GUO Ru,MAO Ding-an,LI Jie-min,LUO Xue-mei,JIANG Yan,LIU Ji-hong

2012, 20(4):  364-366. 

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【Objective】 To investigate the behavior problems and factors between different genders of preschool children in Changsha. 【Method】 A total of 854 children aged 3~5 years were randomly sampled from 5 districts in Changsha and their parents completed the Conners Parent Symptom Questionnaire and the factors questionnaire respectively. 【Results】 The prevalence of behavior problems was 20.4%,in which 28.1% for boys and 12.4% for girls,and there was significant difference between boys and girls (P<0.001).The factors infulencing behavior of boys were feeding patterns,bottle feeding,the appetite,diseases in pregnancy,postpartum mood,relationship between parents,mother's emotion,educational attitudes,educational patterns,changes of caregiver,father sleep talking,mother sleep talking,restless sleep of child;while the girls influencing factors contained attending special skill training class,night sleep duration,playing games before go to sleep,the mood before sleeping,history of having colds,illnesses in last year of child,whether eating regularly,relationship between parents,mother's emotion,postpartum mood,preterm birth. 【Conclusion】 There is difference in gender between the prevalence and factors of behavior problems,and it's worth paying attention in practical work.

Study on temperament features between preterm infants and full-term infants

LIU Jian-xin,LIAO Jie,LAI Xue-fang

2012, 20(4):  369-371. 

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【Objective】 To compare preterms temperament dimensions and types with full-terms ,in order to offer reference for raising children correctly. 【Method】 The temperament were assessed in 80 preterm infants and 80 full-term infants by Carey Infant Temperament Scale Standardized in China. 【Results】 The constituent ratio of difficult nurturing type in preterm infants was higher than in full-term infants,when nine temperament dimensions was considered,the preterms were significantly less persistence,less attentive,more withdrawal and lower in threshold to respond than the controls.There was no difference among activity,rhythmicity,adaptability,intensity and mood. 【Conclusion】 The temperament features is different between preterm infants and full-term infants;It suggests that preterm infants should be raised contrapuntally according to their temperament features.

Visceral abnormality detection and its significance in Turner syndrome girls

LI Cheng,CHENG Qian

2012, 20(4):  371-373. 

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【Objective】 To investigate the cardiovascular,renal and thyroid abnormality for Turner syndrome,so as to provide suggestion for monitoring the patients with Turner syndrome after diagnosis. 【Methods】 25 patients were recruited from the outpatient at Children's hospital of Chongqing medical university.Cardiovascular system(24 cases),kidneys(25 cases) and thyroid(24 cases) were scanned by color doppler ultrasound. 【Results】 Of 24 individuals,1(4.17%,1/24) girl showed aortic coarctation; A total of 3 (12%,3/25) patients had renal abnormalities in 25 cases with renal scan; Enlargement of thyroid appeared in 7 girls (29.17%,7/24). 【Conclusions】 The abnormality of cardiovascular system,kidney and thyroid is common in Turner syndrome girls.The evaluation of cardiovascular system,kidneys and thyroid screening would be mandatory supervision post-diagnosis.

Investigation on 5 635 infants' intellectual development in Yangzhou

SU Ting-juan,YU Wei-ping,DENG Wen-jun,CHEN Qiu,ZUO Xiao-yu,SUN Yu-ye

2012, 20(4):  374-376. 

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【Objective】 To analyze Yangzhou infants' intellectual development,provide a scientific basis of promoting the infants's early intellectual development. 【Methods】 5 635 infants who acceppted physical examination in our clinic in Yangzhou were recruited to Develpmental Screening Test(DST).The data were used to analyze on infants' intellectual development. 【Results】 1) The survey found that the development quotient(DQ) of infants was 87.59±12.24;5.8% and 34.1% infants' were abnormal and suspicious in DST;2) Girls' DQ was higher than boys';18 months,30 months and 24 months baby were found the top three abnormal in DQ.3)The retardation ratio were 40.7%,38.0% and 32.0% in sports,social adjustment and mental. 【Conclusions】 Infants' intellectual development were in general level in Yangzhou.More Develpmental Screening Test need to be done on 18~30 months babies and more intervention and guidance on ports ability retardation are needed.

Research on the influence of mother's mental health status on infant's physical growth and intelligent development

NONG Xue-yan,SONG Juan,ZHU Jin-yuan,ZHANG Qing-hua,ZHANG Ming-zhu

2012, 20(4):  376-378. 

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【Objective】 To research on the influences of the different mother's mental health status on infant's physical growth and intelligent development through learning the infantile mother's mental health status. 【Methods】 Symptom Checklist 90(SCL-90) was used to investigate the infant's mother by questionnaire.With the use of double blind method on infant's physical growth and intelligence development checked with the Gesell development diagnosis scale,all the collected data were used by t test. 【Results】 Through 2 000 infantile mother's psychological questionnaire,it learned that:the 6 months old infant's mothers were more depressive and anxious than 1 year old infant's mothers.The infant's physical growth and intelligent development was relative to the mother's mental health status. 【Conclusion】 To care for the mother's mental health is an important measure for promoting the infant's physical growth and intelligent development.

Analysis of temperament characteristics of 206 infants aged 5~11 months

ZHANG Yong-ming

2012, 20(4):  378-380. 

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【Objective】 To investigate temperament characteristics of infants and guide parents to rear the infants and develop a good emotional response. 【Method】 206 infants were surveyed with Carey's Temperament Questionnaire Scale.【Results】 The proportion of infants with different temperament types in this district was 36.2% for easy type and 41.4% intermediate low child type,8.6% for difficult type and 6.7% for intermediate high child type and 7.1% for slow-to-warm up type of temperament.There were significant the cesarean section group and the spontaneous delivery group in distribution of all temperament types(χ²=10.391,P=0.034).There were no significant differences in gender dimensions of infant temperament(all P＞0.05).There were no significant gender differences in distribution of all temperament types(χ²=5.002,P=0.287). 【Conclusion】 To carry out the work of early childhood development,more attention should be paied to early childhood temperament characteristics.

Parainfluenza virus infection of children with respiratory tract infections in Xi'an

XIN Li-hong,ZHANG Wen

2012, 20(4):  381-382. 

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【Objective】 To analyze parainfluenza virus (PIV) infection of children with respiratory tract infections (RTI) and the relationship between neutropenia in Xi'an. 【Methods】 Specific IgM of PIV with Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was detected.Peripheral blood leukocytes were detected by hematology analyzer. 【Results】 PIV infection in 1~6 years age group were significantly higher than other age groups,neutropenia in 1~3 years age group were higher incidence of disease,PIV infection was closely related with neutropenia. 【Conclusions】 PIV infection with respiratory tract infections are higher among children in Xi'an.It is very useful for clinicians selecting efficient drugs to detect Specific IgM of PIV in routine test in the children of RTI.