Chinese Journal of Child Health Care

Effects of health education on cognition,diet and lifestyle in obese children

WANG Fei,CHEN Meng-ying,CHEN Hai-yan,SHI Xiao-yan,LI Rong,LI Xiao-mei,CHEN Yin-hua,LI Xiao-nan

2012, 20(11): 966-970.

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【Objective】 To explore the impacts of single and repetitive health education on the cognition,diet,lifestyle and weight control in obese children,and provide effective measures to childhood obesity intervention. 【Methods】 According to "Body mass index growth curves for Chinese children adolescents aged 0 to 18 years "diagnostic criteria for screening obesity in school-age children.Obese children and their parents were distributed questionnaires to assess cognition of obesity,diet and lifestyle and then were assigned single or repetitive education.Six months later,the obese children and their parents were asked to complete the questionnaires again for evaluating health education effects on cognition,diet and lifestyle and weight control. 【Results】 107 obese children ( 6 to 13-year-old,69 boys,38 girls) were involved into the intervention study and 90 obese children were completed.There were 44 obese children in single education group and 46 obese children in repetitive education group.At 6 months' follow-up,1) Cognition:Both of children and parents in two groups on the cognitive had increased,particular in children (P=0.008) and parents (P=0.003) of repetitive education group.2) Dietary survey:total energy,protein,fat,carbohydrate intake,food energy density of the lunch and dinner,single meal size (lunch size and dinner size) were significantly decreased in repetitive education group (P<0.001),while the meal size was not any change in single education group (P>0.05).3) Lifestyles:had significantly decreased in high fat food,snacks,watching TV,snacking,watch TV time(P<0.001)in repetitive education group but not in single education group (P>0.05).4) Body Mass Index (BMI):During the follow-up,the mean BMI-Standard Deviation Score (BMI-SDS) was decreased in repetitive education group(P<0.01)but not in single education group(P>0.05). 【Conclusion】 Health education,especially repetitive education could change obese children on cognitive ability,total energy intake and lifestyle,thereby reducing BMI.

Clinical research of the lipid metabolism,blood pressure and the polymorphism for the ACE gene and ApoE gene of the children with simple obesity

LI Xiao-na,GONG Xiao-li,WANG Qi-kun,YU Dan

2012, 20(11): 971-974.

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【Objective】 To investigate the relationship between the polymorphisms for ACE gene and ApoE gene and the lipid metabolism,blood pressure in the chi1dren with simple obesity. 【Methods】 PCR-RFLP and polyacrylamide gelelectrophoresis were used to analyze the variation of the ACE gene and the ApoE gene of the 6~13 years old 105 simple obesity children(male 54 cases and female 51 cases)and the 98 healthy children(male 49 cases and female 49 cases).all children's TG,TC,HDLC,LDLC,blood pressure,height and weight were measured. 【Results】 The D-allele frequencies of ACE gene and the ε4 allele frequencies of ApoE gene in simple obesity children were higher(P<0.05).Whereas inheterozygote simp1e obesity children,the levels of the serum TG,TC,HDL-C and LDL-C,BMI,BP of the D/D and ε4 allele children were all different to the healthy children. 【Conclusions】 There are polymorphism of the ACE gene and the ApoE gene in children with obesity and health.The ACE gene and the ApoE gene have effects on lipid metabolisms,blood pressure in children with obesity and health children.

Timing of sexual development among school-aged boys in Shanghai

SHI Hui-jing,LI Dan,WANG Wen,ZHANG Yue,TAN Hui,WANG Zhen-wei

2012, 20(11): 975-978.

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【Objective】 To determine the current timing of boys' sexual maturity in Shanghai. 【Methods】 A school-based cross-sectional survey was conducted among 1 787 boys aged 6~20 years old in Shanghai.Puberty was staged according to the Tanner.Mean age at entry into each pubertal stage was calculated by probit analysis. 【Results】 Median age at attainment of testicular volume above 4 mL and 12 mL was 10.71 years and 12.24 years,respectively.Median age at entry into genital stage of Ⅱ~Ⅴwas 11.68,12.81,14.31 years and 16.55 years,respectively.Median age at entry into pubic hair stage Ⅱ~Ⅴ was 12.57,13.19,14.25 years and16.92 years,respectively.Median age of onset of armpit hair and bread development was 14.07 years and 15.11 years,respectively.And median spermarche age was 16.63 years. 【Conclusions】 In comparison to those living in cities of middle or western China and some other countries,boys in Shanghai start pubertal development a little bit later,and the progress of sexual development is also relatively slower.Median age of spermarche is being postponed.

Genetics study on circumference in preschool-age twins

LUAN Tian-shu,LI Yu-ling,LU Shun-hua,LIU Yan,ZHENG Yu-na,ZHAO Man

2012, 20(11): 979-981.

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【Objective】 To assess the genetic and environmental influences on body circumference of preschool-age children,and the effect of sex and age. 【Methods】 A total of 101 twin pairs aged 3~6 years old were measured,including 42 monozygotic (MZ),30 like-sex and 29 opposite-sex dizygotic (DZ).The circumference items included head circumference,chest circumference,waist circumference,hip circumference,arm circumference and calf circumference.The structural equation modeling was used to evaluate the heritability of each circumference item. 【Results】 Except head circumference's fitting model was AES,others were ACES,which indicated that the circumference items were influenced by genetic,environmental factors and age effects.After adjusting age,the heritabilities of head circumference,chest circumference,waist circumference,hip circumference,arm circumference and calf circumference were 0.83,0.56,0.77,0.49,0.58,0.82 in boys,and 0.75,0.43,0.72,0.63,0.36,0.76 in girls respectively. 【Conclusion】 The circumference of head,waist and calf of preschool-age children are mainly influenced by genetic factors,the circumferences of chest,hip and arm are mainly influenced on environmental ones.

Effect of perinatal factors on infant feeding disorders

WANG Hong,XU Hai-qing,DAI Qiong

2012, 20(11): 982-984.

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【Objective】 To investigate the perinatal factors influencing infant feeding disorders in China. 【Methods】 A systematic cluster random sampling was used to identify 4 017 children aged 6 to 24 months in 69 areas throughout China.The caregivers of these children were requested to complete a Chinese version of the Montreal Children Hospital Feeding Scale (MCH-FS),and the perinatal factors were investigated by self-made retrospective questionnaires.Logistic regression analysis was used to identify risk factors associated with infant feeding disorders. 【Result】 Several significant risk factors were identified:hypertension during pregnancy,gestational diabetes mellitus,placenta previa,premature delivery,low birth weight,hyperbilirubinemia and neonatal asphyxia. 【Conclusion】 It is important to reduce the incidence of infant feeding disorders by strengthening antenatal care and decreasing neonatal diseases.

Epidemiological analysis of sexual precocity of children aged 3~12 years old in Jiujiang

HU Hua-yan,WANG Long-hui,LI Juan-juan,ZHOU Xiao-fen,BAO Yuan-jun,QIN Shan-shan,MENG Qun,YANG-Pei,TU Lin,CHENG Hao,WANG Hong-tong

2012, 20(11): 985-987.

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【Objective】 To understand the morbidity and causes of child sexual precocity in Jiujiang,and provide a theoretical basis for the prevention of this disease. 【Methods】 In a total of 3 312 children aged 3~12 years old who were recruited by stratified cluster sampling method from three district primary school and 3 kindergartens were stag evaluation with their breast,testis pubes get respondents menarche and spermatorrhea,diet and sleep habits,hobbies and children 's parents adolescent development through the issuance of a parent questionnaire. 【Results】 The positive rate of children sexual precocity in Jiujiang city was 0.68%,the detection rate of girls (1.25%) was high than boys (0.11%),the difference was statistically significant (χ²=16.119,P=0.000).The beginning age of breast development was (10.26±2.34) years old,in which the age of city girls was (9.91±1.85) years and earlier than suburban girls whose age was (11.29±1.38) years,the difference was statistically significant (P=0.000).Developmental age of pubic hair was (11.67±0.84) years,in which city girls was (11.68±0.85) years and suburban girls was (11.63±0.86) years without statistical significance.There were significant difference between precocious puberty group and normal one in edible animal food,nutrition tonic,beverage,lack of physical exercise,unhealthy living habits,parents lack of parental knowledge,and genetic factors. 【Conclusions】 Those factors with often feed animal food,nutrition tonic and beverage,lack of physical exercise,unhealthy living habits,children parents lack of parental knowledge,and genetic factors are promote action in the pathogenesis of precocious puberty.

Relationship between growth velocity and insulin sensitivity in low birth weight infants during infancy

HAN Tong-yan,WANG Xin-li,CUI Yun-pu,TONG Xiao-mei,WANG Xue-mei,PIAO Mei-hua,GUAN Yu-hong,CHANG Yan-mei

2012, 20(11): 988-990.

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【Objective】 To investigate the relationship between growth velocity and insulin sensitivity in low birth weight (LBW) infants during infancy. 【Methods】 LBW infants as LBW group and normal weight infants as control (normal control,NC) were recruited into the study and follow up one year.Seven hundred and sixty six subjects met the inclusion criteria and 628 infants finished the follow-up.Body weight,length,fasting glucose and fasting insulin (FI) levels were measured at 6 months and 12 months of age.Homeostasis model assessment (HOMA),ponderal index (PI) and body mass index (BMI) were calculated.Insulin sensitivity was evaluated by FI and HOMA. 【Results】 During infancy,although LBW infants had gained more weight and length,they had been lighter and smaller than NC infants.Body weight,body length and BMI of LBW group were significantly lower than NC group at each measurement.In LBW group,the changes of weight Z-score and height Z-score during infancy were larger than NC group.At 12 months,the FI and HOMA (logarithmically transformed) were significantly higher in LBW group. 【Conclusions】 In current study,although LBW infants have gained more weight and length,they have been lighter and smaller during infancy.Until the end of infancy,fasting insulin and HOMA suggest that LBW infants have relatively impaired insulin sensitivity.

Relationship of overweight and obesity in childhood with maternal gestational and perinatal factors

REN Jing-chao,WU Jun-qing,LI Yu-yan,LI Chun-ying,HUA Qin,LU Fei-jie,GAO Er-sheng

2012, 20(11): 991-994.

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【Objective】 To explore the maternal gestational and perinatal factors related with overweight and obesity in childhood. 【Methods】 With a stratified cluster random sampling method,3 230 children aged 10 to 14 in three districts of Wuxi were surveyed with questionnaire and physical examination was performed.The data on maternal gestational and perinatal status were gotten from the local Maternal Gestational and Perinatal Health Care Databank. 【Results】 Among all the objects,2 870 questionnaires were qualified and the response rate was 88.9%.The incidence of overweight and obesity was 13.62%,in which boys' was 11.67% and girls' was 1.95%.The incidence of overweight and obesity of boys was much higher than that of girls (P<0.01).The results of univariate analysis indicated that the higher of maternal education and BMI in early pregnancy,the easier for the happen of overweight and besity in childhood (P<0.05).Other maternal gestational and perinatal factors might be not associated with overweight and besity in childhood.The result of multiple linear regression analysis indicated maternal BMI in early pregnancy might be the independent influencing factors of BMI in childhood (P<0.05).The BMI in childhood would increase 0.05 kg/m² with 1 kg/m² increase in maternal BMI in early pregnancy. 【Conclusion】 Maternal BMI in early pregnancy may be the independent influencing factors of overweight and obesity in childhood and controlling maternal BMI in early pregnancy could prevent overweight and obesity in childhood.

Attachment characteristics and their interrelated factors during toddlers aged 1~2 years old

ZHANG Yan,HE Shou-sen,DING Li-li,WANG Jing,ZHOU Qian,NI Chen-xi,AN Xiang-mei,ZHOU Ya-ping,ZOU Xiao-hui

2012, 20(11): 995-997.

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【Objective】 To explore the attachment characteristics and their interrelated factors include maternal sensitivity and children's temperament during 128 toddlers aged 1~2 years old. 【Methods】 The strange situation procedure(SSP) and maternal sensitivity scales were performed to assess the characters of toddler attachment and maternal sensitivities.And the families demographic data and toddler temperament scale were filled by their mothers. 【Results】 Among 128 infants,there were 99 secure-attachment,24 avoidant-attachment,and 5 resistant-attachment,no disorganized- attachment.And there were significant differences of maternal sensitivities between toddler's attachment types.There were a significant correlation between the approach-withdrawal,persistence,mood and distractive dimension of toddler temperament and some attachment behavior such as the proximity,maintain contact and avoidance. 【Conclusions】 There is a higher ratio of secure attachment during 128 toddlers from Jinan city than in other studies.Maternal sensitivities play an important role in child attachment development and the temperament doesn't impact the attachment types directly,but some temperament dimension have some effect on toddlers' behaviors at SSP.

Influence of NYGGF4 (PID1) gene over-expression on mitochondrial metabolism in adipocytes

SHI Chun-mei,JI Chen-bo,ZHANG Chun-mei,ZHU Jin-gai,CHEN Ling,GUO Xi-rong

2012, 20(11): 998-1000.

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【Objective】 To explore the effect of NYGGF4 (PID1) gene over-expression on mitochondrial metabolism in adipocytes. 【Methods】 3T3-L1 preadipocytes transfected with either a NYGGF4 expression vector or an empty expression vector were induced to differentiate into adipocytes.The expression levers of metabolic enzymes in mitochondria-Hexokinase (HKI),Acetyl-CoA (ACC),citrate synthase (CS),Carnitine palmitoyl-transferase 1 (CPT1),Cytochrome C (Cyc-C) were detected by Real-time PCR. 【Result】 NYGGF4 over-expression was significantly lower level of metabolic enzymes in mitochondria-HKI,ACC,CS,CPT1,Cyc-c in adipocytes than control (NC) cells. 【Conclusion】 In adipocytes with NYGGF4 gene over-expression,mitochondria metabolic enzymes mRNA is down- regulated.It could implicate that mitochondrial metablism is influenced in adipocytes with NYGGF4 gene over-expression.

Bioinformatics analysis of adipogenesis-related hsa-miR-378

XU Lu-lian,SHI Chun-mei,CHEN Ling,JI Chen-bo,GUO Xi-rong,XU Mei-yu

2012, 20(11): 1001-1004.

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【Objective】 The bioinformatics analysis about hsa-miR-378 was performed,including transcription regulation prediction and function analysis of target genes,in order to lay foundation and provide the basis for the further studies in human preadipocytes differentiation. 【Methods】 Online tools,such as NCBI Mapviewer,UCSC Genome Browser and Promoter scan,were used for prediction of the CpG island,transcription start position (TSS),transcription factor binding sites (TFBS),etc.TargetScan,PicTar and miRanda were used to predict target genes of hsa-miR-378.The intersection of the three results and validated targets from DIANA LAB-TarBase 6.0 datebase were analyzed by gene ontology and pathway analysis. 【Results】 hsa-miR-378 might had an independent promoter with C/EBP β transcription factor binding sites.The gene ontology analysis showed the predicted target genes were enriched in transcriptional regulation,protein modification,cell differentiation and other biological processes(P<0.01).The pathway analysis showed the target genes mainly involved in 4 signaling pathways such as TGF-β signaling pathway,Wnt signaling pathway,and 8 disease pathways such as thyroid cancer,systemic lupus erythematosus(P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 The analysis about transcriptional regulatory elements and target genes of hsa-miR-378 lie the foundation for subsequent research about its function and regulatory mechanism in human preadipocytes.

Study on epidemiological characteristics of rickets in children less than 3 years old in 27 provinces from 2005 to 2012

CAO Yan-mei,LIU Hua-qing,FENG Ya-hong,SHEN Fang-rong,YU Qing,LI Bing-yan,ZHANG Zeng-li

2012, 20(11): 1008-1010.

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【Objective】 To study the epidemiological characteristics on rickets in children less than 3 years old in 27 provinces from 2005 to 2012. 【Methods】 Epidemiology research papers related to rickets were searched in China National Knowledge Infrastructure,Chongqing Vip Database for Chinese Technical Periodicals and Wanfang Data,then selected representative researches according to the inclusion criteria.Research information such as gender,age and feeding pattern rickets detection rate were collected and compared with data in 1977-1983.Epidemiological characteristics on rickets were also analyzed. 【Results】 27 researches were included in the study,rickets detection average rate for all areas decreased to 20.3% from 40.3% in 1977-1983.Although the detection rate in northern areas declined significantly,but raised in Jiangxi,Henan and Xinjiang province.Prevalence of rickets was correlated to age and infant feeding pattern,the highest detection rate was seen in less than 1 year old babies,detection rate according to feeding pattern from low to high was breast feeding,mixture feeding and artificial feeding. 【Conclusions】 In recent years,the morbidity of rickets in China is general in declined tendency,but still widely prevalent in children especially infant,an appropriate feeding pattern will contribute to reduce rickets.Rickets is the result of many factors combined action,further preventive measures should be taken.

Determination of bone mineral density of 813 healthy children aged 0~3 years old in Kunshan

SUN Wei,MA Ying,YAN Ju-hua,HU Jian-wei

2012, 20(11): 1011-1013.

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【Objective】 To examine the status of the ultrasonic bone mineral density(BMD) of 0~3 years old children in Kunshan,and to provide evidence for early bone strength deficiency intervention. 【Methods】 The left tibia BMD of 813 children aged 0~3 years old no including who had bone metabolic illnesses were measured by quantitative ultrasound.The patients were divided into normal,mild,medium and severe groups of bone strength deficiency according to Z-score of BMD. 【Results】 The incidence rate of bone strength deficiency in girls(49.46%)was significantly higher than that in boys(34.47%),(χ²=16.82,P<0.01),while the BMD value had no statistical significance(t=0.41,P>0.05) between boys and girls.The BMD value increased with the age increase.The incidence rate of bone strength deficiency in children aged 42 days (50.91%) and 3 months (62.50%) was higher than the others,there was statistical significance(χ²= 28.36,P<0.01).The difference of BMD value had statistical significance (t=3.14,P<0.05)between city and town,while the incidence rate had no statistical significance(χ²=3.883,P>0.05).The difference of BMD value had statistical significance(F=11.92,P<0.01) among different grades of height evaluation.The incidence rate of bone strength deficiency in children whose height (weight) evaluation was upper or higher-middle was higher than the others.There was statistical significance(χ²=11.02,P<0.05) among different grades of height evaluation,while no statistical significance (χ²=6.68,P>0.05)among different grades of weight evaluation. 【Conclusion】 Children bone strength deficiency should be pay more attention,especially for those under 12 months.

Prevalence of overweight and obesity in middle and primary schools in urban and rural areas of Wenzhou in China

TIAN Jiang-xuan,NI Jie-shan,LI Ruo-rong,SHEN Jia-jun,ZHENG Chao

2012, 20(11): 1013-1015.

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【Objective】 To investigate the prevalence of the overweight and obesity among primary and middle school students in Wenzhou. 【Methods】 Samples were collected from randomly selected nine primary and middle schools in urban,suburban,and rural areas of Wenzhou city from May 1st to Aug.31th 2011.Anthropometric data of these students were obtained.Height and weight were measured and the body mass index (BMI) was calculated.BMI classification reference proposed by Working Group on Obesity in China (WGOC) 2004 used as screening reference to calculate the prevalence and trends of overweight/obesity in these students. 【Results】 Totally 9 657 students in primary and middle schools were recruited in current study,among which 5 114 were boys and 4 543 were girls.The median age was 12.5 years,ranged from 7 to 18 years old.The overall prevalence of overweight and obesity were 7.6% and 2.6% respectively.The prevalence of overweight and obesity in male students were significantly higher than in female students (9.8% vs 5.2%,5.2% vs 1.2% respectively,P<0.01).Among different age groups,the prevalence of obesity and overweight in 7 year old students was the highest(27.15% vs 7.955%).The prevalence of obesity and overweight in urban and suburban areas was significantly higher than rural areas P<0.01. 【Conclusions】 In contrast to most developed countries,the prevalence of overweight and obesity in the primary and middle schools was about 10% in Wenzhou.Intervention and strategies for obesity prevention should be targeting families in urban and urban-rural areas,perhaps with particular focus on boys.

Clinical research of a newer model of systematic management of child health care

ZHU Hua,PENG Min-juan,YANG Tao-yi,LI Hua,CHEN Xian-hui,CHENG Jian,ZHANG Xi-ling,CHEN Min,ZHOU Xia

2012, 20(11): 1016-1019.

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【Objectives】 To investigate the important function of neurobehavioral developmental monitoring and early education and intervention within the systematic management of child health care,and to provide a basis for the establishment of a newer model of child health care. 【Methods】 Forty-six normal newborns and forty-six high-risk newborns,who were born in the same period,were randomly divided into a new model group and a control group.For the normal and high-risk newborns within the new model group,beside the conventional model of child health care,regular monitoring of neurobehavioral development and early education and intervention were also carried out.For the control group only the conventional model of child health care was carried out.For each group (equally) at 3,6 months,and 1 year,a development quotient (DQ) assessment was carried out using the Gesell's Infant Development Schedule. 【Results】 1)At 3,6 months and 1 year,the DQ of the five ability areas had improved gradually for the high-risk newborns of the new model group.At 1 year they were evidently higher than the high-risk newborns of the control group.The difference had a degree of statistical significance (P<0.01).The DQ had already reached the level of the normal control group.2)Three months after birth,the DQ of the normal new model group and the normal control group showed no obvious difference (P>0.05).At 6 months and 1 year,the DQ of the 5 ability areas of the normal new model group were evidently higher than the normal control group,the difference showed a degree of statistical significance (P<0.01). 【Conclusion】 The newer model of bringing neurobehavioral developmental monitoring and early education and intervention into the systematic management of conventional child health care can promote the intellectual development of infants,and is beneficial for early childhood development.

Survey of asthma morbidity and present treatment of children aged 0~14 in Suzhou

LIU Ji-xian,ZHU Can-hong,ZHAO Xian-hong,FAN Li-ping,ZHOU Wei-fang,HUANG Li,LI Xiao-di,JIA Wen-yan,SHENG Jin-yun

2012, 20(11): 1019-1022.

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【Objective】 To understand the morbidity and onset of asthma in children age,inductive factors,treatment status,in order to provide better scientific basis for management of childhood asthma. 【Methods】 A sample survey methods,had two steps:the first step suspected children with asthma were screened to get information,the second step:screening children with suspected had made clinical diagnosis of asthma,and the inductive factors and the treatment situation were understood in asthma children. 【Results】 By 10 805 screening questionnaires 622 cases were related to wheezing,540 cases of children were clinically diagnosed with asthma,5 cases cough variant asthma and 77 cases of suspected asthma in children.Cumulative prevalence of asthma was 5%,of which male and female prevalence rates were 6.22%,3.51% respectively.1 130 cases of allergic rhinitis,the prevalence rate was 10.46%,male and female prevalence rates were 12.37%,8.13% respectively.884 cases of eczema,prevalence was 8.18%,male and female prevalence rates were 8.85%,7.35% respectively.77.17% asthma age of onset was at 3 years of age.98.23% children with asthma had application of antibiotics in acute exacerbation of asthma,59.97%with inhalation therapy in acute exacerbation of asthma inhaled therapy to maintain remission of only 8.89%. 【Conclusions】 1)2010,Suzhou cumulative prevalence of asthma in children aged 0~14 is more than ten years ago.2)Onset of asthma in children over the age of 3 years of age.therefore,prevent asthma in the early.3)The majority of asthma treatment is not standardized,new knowledge,new drug must education in correct treatment for asthms.

Analysis of the total sialic acid content in serum determinated with fluorometric high-performance liquid chromatography

BAI Dan-dan,LI Hong-wei,PAN Li-li,WANG Bing,GU Gui-xiong

2012, 20(11): 1022-1025.

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【Objective】 To determine the optimum conditions for total sialic acid analysis in serum using the fluorometric high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). 【Methods】 The sialic acid standard operating fluid contained N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac),N-glycolylneuraminic acids (Neu5Gc) and ketodeoxynonulosonic acid (KDN).The human plasma would be hydrolyzed with the trifluoroacetic acid (TFA),sulphuric acid and hydrochloric acid at different concentration of 0.05,0.10,0.15 mol/L and 0.20 mol/L at 80 ℃ and at varying time of 30,60,90 min and 120 min respectively.The hydrolyzed sample was treated with 4,5-Methylenedioxy-1,2- phenylenediamine dihydrochloride (DMB,Sigma) derivative reagent at 50 ℃ for 150 min away from light. 【Results】 The maximum release of sialic acid was obtained with an equal volume of 0.1 mol/L TFA for 60 min at 80 ℃.The optimum detection limit of sialic acid was in 0.625~80 μmol/L,the average recovery rate was 94.0% and the relative standard deviation (RSD) for the precision,stability and repeatability test were 1.3%,1.1% and 1.0%,respectively.The minimum detection limit of Neu5Ac was 0.02 μmol/L and the average content of sialic acid in human serum was (2.12±0.15) mmol/L in 16~19 years old healthy adolescents. 【Conclusion】 The total sialic acid content determinated with fluorometric HPLC method is a simple,high sensitivity and good repeatability,which can be widely used in determination of sialic acid concentration in serum.

Study on the requirements and utilizations of health care in temporal residents under 7 years old in Shanghai

ZHANG Jing,WEI Mei,YAO Guo-ying

2012, 20(11): 1026-1028.

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【Objective】 To investigate the health status and to analyze the requirements and utilizations of the children's health care service for the temporal residents. 【Methods】 Unite inquiry card and questionnaire were used to investigate the parents' knowledge and requirements about the children's health care.T-test was used to examine the relationship of health care access and utilization in temporal resident of children. 【Results】 The health status of the temporal children was quite improved but still not as good as the permanent ones (P<0.05).More parents realized the importance of the health examination regularly (P<0.01).Both parents wanted more information on the growth development,nutrition,intelligence development and to improve children's health status. 【Conclusion】 Health administration and medical service department should afford effective educations and accessible services to make the temporal families improve their utilization of the children's health care services.

Visual acuity,stereoacuity and visual evoked potentials in children with high blood lead level

ZHU Wen-hui,LIAO Rui-duan,SU Yi-hua,CHEN Yong-chong

2012, 20(11): 1033-1035.

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【Objective】 To find out the influences of high blood lead level on visual acuity,stereoacuity,visual evoked potentials in children. 【Method】 172 children aged 4 to 10 were randomly selected and their serum concentration of lead were detected.They were divided into normal blood lead group and high blood lead group by the blood lead level. 【Results】 The difference of cases with abnormal corrected visual acuity between high blood lead group and normal blood lead group was statistically significant(P<0.01).P100 latency was significantly delayed and the difference of P100 latency and stereoacuity were statistically significant between two groups(P<0.05).P100 amplitudes did not differ significantly from the normal group(P>0.05). 【Conclusions】 High blood lead level has bad influence on visual acuity,stereoacuity,visual evoked potentials in children.More attention should be paid to the prevention of the lead pollution and the abnormal development of visual function.

Effects of infant behavior factors on deciduous caries

LIU Jing,WANG Li-zhen,WEI Ya-rong

2012, 20(11): 1035-1036.

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【Objective】 To explore the relationship between infant behavior factors and deciduous caries. 【Methods】 The dental caries status of 413 3~5 years old children were recorded according to WHO criteria,and the questionnaires were obtained from the parents.The related factors of dental caries were analyzed by chi-square test and Logistic regression. 【Results】 Helping children to clean the oral cavity in the deciduous adorable period,the habits of whether containing a tit to sleep after one year old,the habit of feeding food in the middle night after one year old.The three behavioral factors for early childhood caries had significant influence(P<0.05).The factor of helping children to clean the oral cavity in the deciduous adorable period was the most significant role in causing dental caries. 【Conclusion】 Deciduous caries prevention should begin in infancy and good oral hygiene habits should established for preventing deciduous caries.

Investigation on vaccination rates of seven kinds of national immunization program vaccines for migrant children in Weiyang district of Xi'an city

MA Shu-jun,SONG Li

2012, 20(11): 1037-1039.

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【Objective】 To investigate the vaccination status of seven kinds of national immunization program vaccines(BCG,OPV,DPT,MCV,HepB,JEV and MPV) for migrant children in Weiyang district of Xi'an city. 【Method】 758 migrant children and 758 local children of 1~2 years old who lived in the street committees more than or equal to 3 months were sampled by simple random sampling method. 【Results】 100.0% of the total children had immunization cards and 99.9% of them had immunization certificates.The basic vaccination rates of BCG,OPV,DPT,MCV,HepB,JEV and MPV vaccines were respectively 99.5%,99.4%,97.8%,92.5%,98.4%,90.9%,and 93.1%.The immunization coverage of seven vaccines was 90.9%.But the immunization coverage of migrant children (86.8%) was significantly lower than that of local children (95.3%).DTP booster shot rate was 94.0% and MCV revaccination rate was 94.4%.Except MCV(89.7%) and JEV(86.8%),the basic vaccination rates of other five vaccines among migrant children were all higher than 90.0%.Except the BCG vaccination rate and the first hepatitis B vaccine inoculation rate,there were significant differences of other indexes between migrant children and local children.In addition,extending time and unvaccinated were the main problems of injection times. 【Conclusion】 In the floating population gathering areas,apart from completing the work of routine immune-inoculation for local children,more attention should be paid to strengthen the immune program vaccines inoculation work for migrant children.

Comparison study on health related factors in floating children and resident children in Yiwu,China

ZOU Yan,LI Hai-feng,JIN Hong-xing,WANG Rong-shan,JIN Pei-gang

2012, 20(11): 1039-1041.

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【Objective】 To explore the difference on health related factors between floating and resident children. 【Method】 Random sampling was conducted among preschool children in Yiwu,China.Questionnaire about health related factors were used to investigate the target population. 【Result】 850 objects were recruited in this study.There were significant differences in parent education,delivery,breastfeeding,vaccination,education style,sleeping habit,and care characteristics between floating and resident children (P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 Health behavior should be set up to help children to prevent possible health problem and to improve health equity.

Analysis of body mass index and the influence factors of 1 308 infants

GAO Hong-qiong,FAN Yu-rong,CAI Biao

2012, 20(11): 1044-1046.

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【Objective】 To investigate the body mass index(BMI) and the influence factors of infants in Tongling province and to offer reasonable basis for maternal and child health care. 【Method】 The data of their first time physical examination from 1 308 infants aged 3~4 months who had child health care outpatient in our hospital were collected,the BMI and the influence factors of BMI were calculated and analyzed. 【Results】 BMI was significantly different in gender,feeding patterns,birth weight and the level of parents' education(P<0.05),boys' BMI mean was higher than girls';infants who had breast feeding had higher BMI mean than infants who had artificially bred;BMI mean was growing significantly with the increase of birth weight;BMI mean of infants aged 3~4 months of Tongling province was higher than the WHO'S(2006). 【Conclusion】 BMI is influenced by gender,feeding patterns,birth weight and early birth.

Analysis of infant feeding and its factors in Nan'an district of Chongqing

LV Ya-lan,JIANG Xiao-qiang,WANG Jian,WANG Run-hua

2012, 20(11): 1046-1049.

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【Objective】 To know the status of infant breastfeeding and complementary feeding in Nan'an district of Chongqing,and to explore the factors of breastfeeding and complementary feeding. 【Methods】 Through randomized cluster sampling,two communities were sampled.Patriarch of 0 to 12 months babies were investigated of infant feeding and factors.Non-conditional logistic regression was used to analyze factors affecting breastfeeding and complementary feeding. 【Results】 During 0~4 months,the ratio of baby breastfeeding was 76.56%.The constituent ratio of total breastfeeding was 45.63%.The main feeding ways were partial breastfeeding (52.8%) and artificial feeding (42.23%) during 4 to 6 months,and it was artificial feeding during 7 to 12 months.The complementary feeding was started from 4 months.The ratio of rice/rice cakes and purée/pulp adding separately reached the zenith in 5(84%) and 6(84.5%) month.From 7 months,ratios of porridge/noodles,broken vegetables/fruits,eggs and meat added increased gradually.Until 12 months,the ratio was about 90%.The order of complementary feeding added was rice / rice pudding,purée/pulp,chopped vegetables/fruits,egg yolk,porridge/noodles,custard and meat. 【Conclusions】 The status of infant breastfeeding needs to be improved.The situation of complementary feeding is considerable.Maternal and child health care and other related departments should propagandize breastfeeding and its importance and popularize ways of scientific feeding to raise people's awareness of breastfeeding,improving infant breastfeeding.

Evaluation of preschoolers injury intervention in Pudong New Area of Shanghai

ZHOU Wei-guo,ZHANG Sheng-bing,HUANG Li-jun,SHI Wei-jie,ZHOU De-ding

2012, 20(11): 1050-1051.

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【Objective】 To explore the community prevention model of injury in preschool children,control and reduce the incidence of injuries. 【Method】 4 kindergartens were selected as intervention objects by random sampling,undertake a comprehensive intervention by "4E" intervention model and the persistent initiative monitoring that could evaluate intervention effects of injuries was established. 【Results】 Preschoolers' incidence of injury was down from 31.82% to 19.04% after the intervention,the difference was statistically significant.Compared with the incidence of the falls,crushes and cuts before the intervention,the differences were all statistically significant. 【Conclusion】 "4E" integrated intervention model can effectively control and reduce the incidence of preschool children injuries.

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