Table of Content

10 April 2016, Volume 24 Issue 4

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Inhibition of brain derived neurotrophic factor on differentiation of child preadipocytes.

LIU Yu-dong,WANG Mei-xia,DENG Yue-lin,LUO Jian-feng,CHAI Hua,LI Yang-liu,SUN Xin.

2016, 24(4):  340-343.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-04-02

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Objective To explore the effects of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) on proliferation and differentiation of child preadipocytes,and provide guidance for the treatment of childhood obesity. Methods Adipose tissue were collected from normal and obese children,real-time qPCR and western blotting were used respectively for measuring the expression of mRNA and protein of BDNF,C1q/TNF-related protein-13(CTRP13) and IL-6;Preadipocytes were isolated from adipose tissue and cultured with different concentrations of BDNF and BDNF siRNA respectively,the level of preadipocytes' proliferation was determined by MTT and the differentiation by oilred O,triglyceride (TG) assay kits was used for detecting the intracellular lipogenesis,the levels of PPARγ,aP2,CTRP13 and IL-6 were determined by western blotting. Results The obesity children showed higher expression of IL-6 in adipose tissue compared to control group,while lower expression of CTRP13 and BDNF in obesity children.BDNF had no effects for proliferation of children preadipocyte; BDNF promoted the expression of CTRP13 in children preadipocytes,while inhabited IL-6 and differentiation of preadipocytes.Moreover,BDNF siRNA showed the opposite effect with BDNF. Conclusion IL-6 was overexpression in obesity children,but BDNF and CTRP13 are lower in obesity children compared to the normal,BDNF can inhibit the differentiation of preadipocytes.

Relationship and differences of polyunsaturated fatty acids and cytokines in human breast milk between allergic and non-allergic mothers.

DENG Sha-sha,CHEN Zheng,PENG Yong-mei.

2016, 24(4):  344-349.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-04-03

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Objective To investigate the differences of human breast milk polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and cytokines between mothers with and without allergic diseases,and to analyse the relationship between human breast milk PUFAs and immune factors. Methods A total of 80 breastfeeding mothers were recruited in this study.Breast milk samples at 2 week and 4 week postpartum were collected.Maternal allergic history were investigated by questionnaire.Fatty acid concentrations in breast milk were analyzed by gas chromatography.soluble CD14 (sCD14) and IgE were analyzed by ELISA,while interleukin-1β(IL-1β) and Eotaxin were analyzed by BioPlex suspension array technique. Results The α -linolenic acid (ALA) and n-6 PUFAs metabolic index (n-6LCPUFA/LA) in 2 weeks' breast milk of mothers with allergic dermatitis were lower than breast milk of mothers without allergy,but breast milk's LA/ALA (linoleic acid,LA) both in 2 weeks and 4 weeks were higher than breast milk of mothers without allergy (P<0.05).ALA,eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA),docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in 2 week's breast milk of mothers with rhinitis were lower than breast milk of mothers without allergy (P<0.05).Regardless of allergic and non-allergic mother,many different kinds of n-3 PUFAs (ALA,EPA,C20:3n-3) were positively related to sCD14 but negatively related to the IgE (P<0.05).Many different kinds of n-6 PUFAs (C18:3n-6,C20:3n-6,C22:2n-6) were negatively correlated sCD14 but positively related to Eotaxin and IL-1β (P<0.05). Conclusions There are some differences in breast milk polyunsaturated fatty acids between allergic and non-allergic mothers.The concentrations of body polyunsaturated fatty acids have an important influence on the secretion of immune factors.

Trends on the quality of velocity and endurance among primary and secondary school Hui students aged 7~18 in the Ningxia from 1985 to 2010.

DUAN Ru-qiao,SONG Yi,MA Jun.

2016, 24(4):  350-354.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-04-04

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Objective To analyze the trends on the quality of velocity and endurance among primary and secondary Hui students in Ningxia from 1985 to 2005,and to provide evidence for health promotion of students. Methods The data were collected from the Chinese national survey on students' constitution and health (1985,1991,1995,2000,2005,and 2010),and the grades of students' 50 m dash and endurance running were analyzed. Results From 1985 to 2010,50 m dash among boys decreased by 0.006 s meanwhile decreased by 0.24 s among girls.The score in 2005 was still higher than in 1985,but the score in 2010 was lower than in 1985;Endurance running decreased significantly.50 m×8 to and fro running among 7~12 year-old boys and girls decreased by 7.76 s and 6.68 s (P<0.01),1 000 m running among 13~18 year-old boys decreased by 16.38 s (P<0.01),and 800 m running among 13~18 year-old girls decreased by 15.45 s (P<0.01);From 1985 to 1991,students performed better in 50 m dash and endurance running.But the grade was on the decline from 1991 to 2010.The quality of velocity among urban students was better than rural students while the quality of endurance among rural students was better than urban students. Conclusions Over the past 25 years,the physical function and athletic ability of 7-18 year-old students in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Regions are still not optimistic.Comprehensive and effective measures should be taken to promote the status of students' physical health level.

Correlation between serum visfatin and glucolipid metabolism in children with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes mellitus and children with that combined with ketoacidosis.

XU Zhe,ZHANG Hong-jun,LI Hai-jun,REN Jing,LIU Ya-jun.

2016, 24(4):  355-358.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-04-05

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Objective To observe serum visfatin level in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and children with T1DM combined with ketoacidosis and investigate the correlation between serum visfatin level and glucolipid metabolism and islet β-cell function of these children. Methods From June 2010 to June 2014,82 children with T1DM who visited doctors in the Outpatient Department and hospitalized in Guangyuan Center Hospital,and 31 healthy controls were enrolled.Children with only newly diagnosed T1DM were assigned into T1DM I group (n=61),and children with T1DM combined with ketoacidosis were assigned into T1DM Ⅱ group (n=21).Comparisons were analyzed made in serum visfatin level,FPG,Fins,TC,TG,HDL-C,LDL-C,FFA,HbAlc,BMI and WHR among the three groups.Single-factor correlation analysis was conducted between serum visfatin level and other monitoring indexes of T1DM I group and T1DM Ⅱ group,and multivariate regression analysis of the correlation between serum visfatin level and other relevant factors was also conducted. Results 1)T1DMI group was lower than normal control group in serum visfatin level(P<0.01),and T1DM Ⅱ group was lower than T1DM I group in serum visfatin level (P<0.01).2)Pearson correlation analysis showed that the serum visfatin levels of T1DM I group and T1DM Ⅱ group were positively correlated with BMI,WHR,HDL-C,Fins,Homa-β,and were negatively correlated with TC,TG,LDL-C,FFA,FPG and HbAlc.Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that WHR,FFA,FPG and Homa-β of T1DM I group and T1DM Ⅱ group entered regression equation,which indicated that WHR,FFA,FPG and Homa-β were independent risk factors for serum visfatin level. Conclusion Children with T1DM and children with T1DM combined with ketoacidosis are lower than healthy controls in serum visfatin level,which may be related with the reduction of the fat content in viscera,glucose and lipid metabolism disorder and dysfunction of islet β-cell.

Exploration on the influencing factors of feeding behaviors associated with diarrhea among young children with behavioral change theories.

LI Ying,SHI Ling,ZHANG Jing-xu.

2016, 24(4):  359-362.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-04-06

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Objective To explore influencing factors of feeding behaviors associated with diarrhea among young children with behavioral change theories and provide some references for intervention and promotion of children's nutrition and health. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study of 476 children aged 10~15 months was conducted with their caregivers in Laishui County,China.Path analysis was conducted to explore the relationships among caregivers' knowledge,attitudes,family and residents' subjective norm,caregivers' self-efficacy,intentions and behaviors associated with diarrhea. Results The score of caregivers' feeding behaviors associated with diarrhea was 4.13±1.76.The total effect of caregiver's knowledge,family and residents' subjective norm,caregivers' intentions,attitudes and self-efficacy to feeding behaviors associated with diarrhea were 0.231,0.214,0.128,0.079 and 0.035,respectively. Conclusion Interventions to caregivers should focus on improving knowledges about feeding behaviors,while family and residents also should included.

Status of birth weight and its correlation with blood pressure in Chongqing urban school-aged children.

GUO Jing,WANG Hong,GUAN Pei-yu,LI Ke-qiong,YUAN Bao-cheng.

2016, 24(4):  363-365.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-04-07

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Objective To analyze the Chongqing school-age children's birth weight status and its relationship with blood pressure,and to provide reference for the prevention of hypertension in newborn infants and children. Methods A total of 3 561 children with multi-stage cluster sampling were investigated and measured the height,weight,blood pressure,etc.Birth weight and family history of hypertension were collected by self-administered questionnaire.Descriptives,chi-square analysis and Pearson correlation analysis were used to compare birth weight with hypertension and their correlation. Results The average birth weight was(3.321±0.487)kg of all participants.There were 166 low and 249 high birth weight children,and the incidence was 4.7%,7.0%,respectively.Birth weight was a positive correlation with systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure (P<0.05),respectively. Conclusion Birth weight is a factor that affects blood pressure in children,and more studies are necessary.

Milk consumption and the effect on growth among children aged 2~6 years old in urban area of Chengdu.

LI Yuan-yuan,ZHANG Hui-juan,WANG Yue,LI Ming,LIU Dan,LI Run,DAI Zheng-yan,ZENG Guo.

2016, 24(4):  366-369.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-04-08

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Objective To evaluate the milk consumption and the effect on growth among children aged 2~6 years old in urban area of Chengdu. Methods From April to May in 2014,707 healthy children aged 2~6 years old were selected by cluster sampling method in two kindergartens from urban area of Chengdu.Data on basic information,the milk consumption (the type of milk,the frequency,amount and time of milk intake) and milk intake reaction of these children were obtained by a questionnaire.Body weight and height were measured.Body mass index(BMI),Height -for-age Z scores(HAZ),Weight -for-age Z scores(WAZ)and Body mass index -for -age Z scores(BAZ) were calculated to assess growth of preschool children. Results 98.6%(697/707) of children had milk in the last 3 months,84.6%(598/707) had milk every day,the rate of 2-year-old children's daily milk intake was higher than that of children aged 4~,5~ and 6~7 years old (χ²=14.39,11.80,13.88,respectively,P<0.005).The mean milk intake was 364.0 ml per day,the mean milk intake of children aged 2 years was more than that of children aged 4~,5~ and 6~7 years old (P<0.05),the mean milk intake of children aged 3 years old was more than that of children aged 4 and 6~7 years old (P<0.05).55.8%(389/697) of children had two types of milk,about 35.2%(245/697) had liquid milk and yogurt at the same time.81.8% (570/697) of children had milk at breakfast,and 62.9% (444/697) had something else at the same time.About 11.6% (82/707) of children had uncomfortable symptoms after milk intake.There were no differences in height,weight,BMI,WAZ,HAZ and BAZ of preschool children in different milk drinking group. Conclusion Daily milk consumption among children aged 2~6 years old from urban area of Chengdu still needs to be improved.

Logistic regression analysis of the effect of indoor environment on the overweight of preschool children.

YAO Xu-hui,REN Zhen,WANG Li-xin,ZHANG Yin-ping.

2016, 24(4):  370-372.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-04-09

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Objective To understand the prevalence rate of overweight and provide a scientific basis for preventing and intervening the overweight of the preschool children in Beijing. Methods The 3~6 years old children in some kindergartens were investigated in Haidian,Chaoyang and Fengtai districts,Beijing from March to May,2011 by the questionnaire; the questionnaire contents included the height,weight,gender,indoor environmental condition and so on.The effect factors on the overweight of the preschool children were analyzed by the BMI and the questionnaire results. Results The prevalence rate of overweight of the preschool children was 32.9%,25.8% in the girls and 35.6% in the boys.The Logistic regression analysis results showed that the preschool children overweight was influenced by the gender,and some indoor environment factors,for example,the ceramic tile floor,having a computer in the child room,and having a large of plastic products in the child room. Conclusion The prevalence of overweight among preschool children is high,and the overweight is related to gender and some indoor environmental factors.

Research on the effect on the incidence of the fetal rats with fetal growth restriction and the apoptosis of placental cells with maternal multiple micronutrients supplementation.

ZONG Lu,GOU Wen-li,HUANG Pu,XUE Qian,LV Ye.

2016, 24(4):  373-376.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-04-10

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Objective To explore the effect on the incidence of the fetal rats with fetal growth restriction(FGR) and the apoptosis of placental cells with maternal multiple micronutrients (MMN) supplementation. Methods FGR model of SD rats was done by maternal passive smoking.The pregnant rats were divided into four groups (FGR,MMN,control and normal group).Rats of the MMN group and the control group were fed with supplementation of MMN,and the other rats of the FGR group and the normal group were fed on normal food.Rats of the FGR group and the MMN group endured passive smoking,and other rats of the control group and the normal group breathed normally.The number and the weight of the fetal rats,the weight of the placentas were contrasted.Cell apoptosis of the placentas were detected by method TUNNEL. Results The number,the weight of fetal rats and placenta of the FGR group decreased significantly than those of control group (P<0.05).The number and the weight of the fetal rats of the MMN group increased significantly than those of FGR group(P<0.05),but there was no signicant difference between the placental weight of these two groups(P>0.05).There existed placental cellular apoptosis in all four groups.The apoptosis index of FGR group was higher than that of normal group(P<0.05); the apoptosis index of MMN group was lower than that of FGR group(P<0.05),with no difference with the normal group (P>0.05).All data of the control group had no signicant differences between the control group and the normal group(P>0.05). Conclusions Maternal MMN supplementation could decrease the incidence of FGR induced by passive smoking.The probable mechanism may be restrain abnormal placental cell apoptosis.

Relationship between marginal vitamin A deficiency and respiratory tract infections in children and its risk factors.

DING Yuan-hui,SUN Zhong-hou,ZHANG Hai-mei,XIE Hong-li,ZHU Hui-min,MA Hong-mei.

2016, 24(4):  393-395.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-04-16

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Objective To explore the relationship between marginal vitamin A deficiency and respiratory tract infections in children and its risk factors. Methods One hundred and sixty children between April 2015 and October 2015 were enrolled in the study,including 42 cases of RRI in acute infection (A group),24 cases of repeated respiratory infection (RRI) in non-acute infection (B group),18 cases of acute respiratory tract infection (C group) and 76 health children (D group).The serum vitamin A level was measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).Serum VA level ranged from 0.20 to 0.30 mg/L was considered as marginal vitamin A deficiency (MVAD). Results 1)The serum VA levels of A group[(0.27±0.07) mg/L],B group[(0.28±0.04) mg/L] and C group[(0.28±0.09) mg/L] were lower than those of D group[(0.33±0.08) mg/L] (P<0.05).2)The incidence of MVAD in RRI children was significantly higher than that in non-RRI children (P<0.05).3)Logistic regression analysis showed that living in rural area,poor appetite and having acute respiratory infection all were risk factors for MVAD. Conclusions Vitamin A deficiency may be one of the important reasons of RRI in children,and acute infection can aggravate the lack of VA in vivo.Children who were living in rural area,with poor appetite or having acute respiratory infection,were more susceptible for MVAD.

Results analysis of development examination on 893 children aged 0~6 in Taiyuan City.

WU Guo-lian,BAI Li-xia,WANG Hai-xia,WANG Xiao-hui,WANG Hui-mei,JIN Chun-hua,LI Rui-li,CHEN Bo-wen.

2016, 24(4):  396-398.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-04-17

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Objective To investigate the developmental condition on children aged 0~6 in Taiyuan city and explore its influencing factors. Methods A total of 893 children aged 0~6 in Taiyuan city were tested on development items with the Revised China Developmental Scale for Children,and questionnaire surveys were undertaken with basic information form made by Capital Institute of Pediatrics.Data processing usesd t test,analysis of variance,non-parametric test and multivariate linear regression analysis. Results The fine motor of development quotient(DQ) in 893 children was the lowest,boy was 91.58±15.46,and girl was 95.90±15.06.There were gender differences in gross motor,fine motor and social behavior items,and girl was better than boys.Single factor analysis showed that DQ had significant relations with gender (t=-3.366,P=0.001),parents' educational level (t=24.604,P=0.000),the main caregivers (t=-2.267,P=0.024),constipation (t=3.513,P=0.000).Multiple factors analysis showed that DQ had significant relation with gender (t=3.915,P=0.000),fathers' educational level (t=2.393,P=0.017),the main caregivers (t=-2.501,P=0.013),constipation (t=-3.393,P=0.001). Conclusion Early child development was influenced by many factors,so it's significant for children's development that enhancing the parents' educational level,mainly raised by parents,and improving the normal gastrointestinal function.

Health-related lifestyle survey of 395 adolescents in Beijing.

LU Peng-wei,YANHui,WANG Yi-xin,ZHANG Hua-liang,ZHANG Yan,LI Yang.

2016, 24(4):  399-402.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-04-18

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Objective To examine the health-related lifestyle of the young adolescents in Beijing,the results will provide information for the cultivation of healthy lifestyle of the adolescents. Methods A convenience sample of 395 students studying in primary or secondary schools were recruited.The Adolescent Lifestyle Questionnaire (ALQ) was used to measure the adolescents' health-related lifestyle. Results The overall mean score of the health-relate lifestyle of the 395 students was (179.43±27.41),the score of the lifestyle behaviour was (96.34±14.75),and the psychosocial well-being was (82.38±13.72).There was no difference in the lifestyle under different gender,grade and family status.Middle school students were found have higher level of "social support" than the primary school students(t=4.34,P=0.04).Students who have no independent bedroom have higher level of "safety awareness" than the students who live in independent bedroom(t=4.71,P=0.03). Conclusions The 395 students have a healthy lifestyle,but the scores of "stress management" and "health awareness" are low.The family and the school should pay more attention to improve the coping strategies of the adolescents,and should also focus on the cultivation and improvement of their "health awareness".

Growth development value epidemic status of 7 ethnics' students during the growth peak period in primary and middle school of Yunnan in 2014.

CHANG Li-tao,YANG Yun-juan,CHEN Lu,WEI Xi-jing,HE Hua.

2016, 24(4):  403-406.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-04-19

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Objective To study the epidemic status and characteristics of the growth development before and after the growth peak in 6 ethnics and Han students in the primary schools and middle schools in Yunnan in 2014 and to provide the scientific basis and reference on making the policies and strategies of the students' nutrition improvement plan. Methods Using the 2014 national students' physical health survey data,23 728 primary and middle school students who were aged 7~18 years old were in random sample in 7 prefectures in Yunnan.To compare the three indicators (average height,weight and chest circumference) and the determination of index according to the handbook of 2014 national students' physique and health research work. Results In 2014 survey population,the peak height age of boys was 13 years old;The peak value was 6.51 cm.That of the girls was 11 years old and the value was 6.17 cm.The height peak value of boys from high to low in turn was:Naxi,Lisu＞Wa＞Dai＞Han＞Bai＞Hani;That of the girls was:Naxi＞Wa＞Han＞Dai＞Lisu＞Hani＞Bai.The full range of boys' growth spurt from high to low in turn was :Naxi＞Lisu＞Dai＞Hani＞Wa＞Han＞Bai; That of the girls was:Lisu＞Bai＞Dai＞Naxi＞Han＞Hani＞Wa.The average height of 18 years old boys was (168.15±6.73)cm and the height of 18 years old boys from high to low in turn was:Bai＞Naxi＞Han＞Dai＞Lisu＞Hani＞Wa.The average height of 18 years old girls was (155.82±5.82)cm and the height from high to low in turn was:Bai＞Han＞Naxi＞Dai＞Lisu＞Hani＞Wa.The growth development value of height,weight and chest circumference of boys were greater than those of girls.And the girls were in advance 2 years into the exploding peak age than boys.These were conformed to the regular of children and adolescents growth and development. Conclusions The growth peak of development and the development process of 7 ethnics primary and middle school students both have their own characteristics in Yunnan.Based on the characteristics of ethnic students' growth and development,students' intervention,classification of nutrition and health education guidance and regional stratified intervention are carried out to improve the level of physical development of ethnic minority students in Yunnan.

Research on the status of the language development of preschool children in Nanjing.

JIA Jia,XU Ya-qin,XIE Ya-chun,CHI Xia,ZHANG Xin,TONG Mei-ling.

2016, 24(4):  407-409.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-04-20

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Objective To explore the level of language development of preschool normal children in Nanjing. Method The language development levels of 215 preschool children were evaluated by the Gesell developmental diagnosis scale,and the language development quotient (DQ) was analyzed by the method of percentile method. Results 1) The language DQ values of the all children and girls in different age groups were in normal distribution,while the boys group showed skew normal distribution;2)The children under P₅ percent in the pre-school children accounted 4.17%~5.88%;3)There were significant differences in language DQ between different gender in the same age group (P<0.001). Conclusions The language development of preschool children in Nanjing is in a normal distribution,and the language development of the boys is a little behind the girls.DQ less than or equal to P₂₅(DQ≤90) and P₅(DQ≤75)are suggested as a preschool children's language development follow-up monitoring and early language intervention value,so the abnormal language development in preschool children could have early intervention and rehabilitation.

Duration of exclusive breastfeeding and its influence factors in Shandong.

LIU Wen,LI Shi-xue.

2016, 24(4):  410-412.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-04-21

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Objective To understand the current status and influence factors of exclusive breastfeeding in Shandong. Methods Children under 5 years were selected as subjects from the survey of National 5th Health Services.Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate the duration of breastfeeding and its survival curves,and Cox multivariate regression was used to identify the influence factors. Results Mean of the duration of 1 630 children for exclusive breastfeeding was 6.15 months in Shandong.Areas of residency,mothers' education levels,family income,initiation of formula,abortion experience,delivery mode and parents' marital status were correlated with the duration of exclusive breastfeeding. Conclusions The duration of exclusive breastfeeding for children in Shandong is closed to the WHO standard.Howerer the rate of duration within 6 months old is lower.Intervention program should be implemented to improve the current status.

Influence of part of new life style on 3～6 years old children's physical fitness in kindergarten of Shanghai.

LIU Dong-ning,LU Li-ping,ZHANG Ying,MA Yu-fei.

2016, 24(4):  413-415.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-04-22

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Objective To explore the impact of modern life style on the physical fitness of preschool children and the relationship between them. Methods Based on 2010 China National Health Survey in Shanghai,a total of 7 643 preschool children aged 3 to 6 years old from l8 districts were sampled.The feeding practice in the postnatal 4 months,the main caregivers at home,daily sleep,whether to participation in sports and art classes,father and mother to do physical exercises or not,7 independent variables were selected as the indicators of modern life style.Preschool children's physical fitness evaluation was the dependent variable.The data were analyzed binary Logistic regression analysis. Results It was found that three variables exerted a significant influence on the physical fitness of the preschool children,that was,participation in sports and art classes (P=0.004),daily sleep classification (P=0.009) and daily dynamic physical activity time (P=0.040). Conclusions It has a high qualified percentage about the preschool's physical fitness,but has lower percentage of the high physical fitness quality.The physical fitness shows the trend that strong in girls and weak in boys.It can be two ways to intervene the physical fitnes:daily sleep time and participation in physical activity.

Study on body growth rate in hospitalization and its correlative influencing factors of very low birth weight infants.

ZHANG Xiao-hua,LI Shuang-shuang,ZHOU Jin-jun.

2016, 24(4):  419-421.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-04-24

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Objective To study body growth rate in hospitalization and its correlative influencing factors of very low birth weight infants(VLBWI),and provide help for the treatment of VLBWI in the future clinical work. Methods A total of 105 VLBWI in NICU were selected.Their weight,length and head circumference were measured regularly for growth curve chat.The growth rate of weight,length and head circumference and its correlative influencing factors were analyzed. Results The weight of intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) 17 cases (16.19%),and extrauterine growth retardation (EUGR) 41 cases (39.05%),the length of IUGR 22 cases (20.95%),EUGR 35 cases (33.33%),the head circumference of IUGR 9 cases (8.57%),and EUGR 15 cases (15.24%).The weight of EUGR group and non EUGR group:rates of maternal premature rupture of membranes,intrauterine infection in EUGR group were significantly higher than those in non EUGR group,there were significant differences between two groups (P<0.05);The incidence rates of chronic lung disease,sepsis,patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in EUGR group during hospitalization were significantly higher than those in non EUGR group,there were significant differences between the two groups (P<0.05);CPAP ventilation time rate and time of tracheal intubation and assisted ventilation in EUGR group were significantly higher than those in non EUGR group,there were significant differences between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions The VLBWI management need to pay attention to depict the growth curve,which shows the downward trend of children and find out the reasons in time for timely intervention.The monitoring and prevention of premature rupture of membranes,intrauterine infection,and active treatment chronic lung disease,sepsis,PDA and other complications during hospitalization,is the key to prevent the very low birth weight infants' EUGR.

Analysis of present situation on regular health physical examination and growing development of children under 5 years old in Shandong province.

ZHAO Si-qi,XU Xin,XU Ling-zhong.

2016, 24(4):  422-424.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-04-25

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Objective To understand the condition of regular physical examination and growing development of children under five years old in Shandong province,and to raise the attention of children' periodic health examination and provide the reality basis for the implementation of children healthcare strategy. Method It was selected 1 645 children aged 0~5 to survey questionnaires in Shandong province. Results In the survey area,children health physical examination rate was 59.3%,the average check number was 1.4 times;The rate of reach the suggested number of the children under 1 years old,2~3 years old and more than 3 years old was 19.4%,33.9% and 53.1% respectively.In the health examination contents,physical examination rate was 94.5%,the vaccination rate was 98.6%,the oral cavity had a rate of 13.4%.The incidence of children with low weight,thin and growth retardation was respectively 2.2%,3.8% and 10.7%. Conclusions The rate of children's health examination and the age groups which can reach the suggestion numbers are relatively at a low level,part of the health check programs participation is not high.It should actively carry out the work of childcare monitoring and guidance,improve the parents' awareness of health examination to guarantee the healthy growth of children.

Study on prevalence and risk factors of overweight and obesity of school-age children in Yan 'an.

LI Xia,LI She-li,SHI Chao-ling,DU Fei-fei,ZHANG Wen-tao,ZHANG Yong-hong,YIN Ming-ping.

2016, 24(4):  425-427.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-04-26

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Objective To observe the prevalence of overweight and obesity among school-age children in Yan 'an and to analyze risk factors for preventing from overweight and obesity. Methods Three primary schools located in urban and suburban district were respectively selected by a cluster sampling method.Morphological indicators including height,weight and body mass index (BMI) were collected,and questionnaire survey on children's character,exercise,sleep,diet was conducted. Results 1)The prevalence of overweight was 13.76%,of which the urban boy 20.09%,urban girl 10.64%,suburban boy 14.83%,suburban girl 8.19%; the prevalence of obesity was 5.27%,of which the urban boy 8.04%,urban girl 4.47%,suburban boy 4.78%,suburban girl 3.00%.2)The factors involving gender,residence distribution,character had significant influences on the students' overweight and obesity(P<0.05). Conclusions The current status of Yan 'an children's overweight and obesity is higher.Basic prevention from overweight and obesity should be reasonable diet and physical exercise

Survey on iodine deficiency disorders status of school children aged 8 to 10 in Xishan distrtict during the year of 2015.

YAO Yi,PAN Ying-yu,ZHANG Hao-ming.

2016, 24(4):  428-430.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-04-27

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Objective To investigate the iodine nutrition condition of school children,and provide scientific evidence for the prevention and cure of iodine deficiency disorders(IDD). Methods Urinary iodine and salt iodine were tested among samples of 200 children aged 8~10 which randomly collected in Xishan dtistrict according to geographical distribution.At the same time glandula thyreoidea touch and B-mode ultrasonography were accessed in sampled children. Results A totle of 200 salt samples and 200 urine samples were collected.The iodized salt coverage rate was 97.5%,with the pass percent of 93.0%,qualified edible salt was 95.4%,iodized salt median was 23.09 mg/kg and coefficient of variation was 22.4%.The results of urine iodine varied from 32.4 μg/L to 666.0 μg/L with a median of 144.6 μg/L.The percentages of urinary iodine less than 50 μg/L and 100 μg/L were 1.0% and 19.0% respectively.The percentage of urinary iodine more than 300 μg/L was 3.5%.A total of 200 children were inspected and two of them were found to be Ⅰdegree thyroid enlargement. Conclusion The iodine nutrition condition of school-aged children in Xishan district is generally at a suitable level,which reached the national standards for the elimination of iodine deficiency disease.

Association of anthropometrical indices and insulin resistance in primary and middle school students.

QI Yin-lin,WANG Jun-wei,WANG Ya-ting.

2016, 24(4):  431-433.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-04-28

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Objective To study the correlation between body mass index (BMI),waist circumference(WC),waist-hip ratio(WHR),percent body fat (%BF) and insulin resistance(IR) in primary and middle school students. Methods Height,weight,waist circumference,hip circumference,%BF,the fasting blood glucose (FBG) and fasting insulin (FIN) of 247 cases of schoolchildren were measured,and BMI and WHR were calculated.HOMA-IR index was calculated and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to find the optimal cutoff of HOMA-IR for the indicators. Results The area under the ROC curve and the optimal cutoff for BMI were 0.771,27.45,and for waist-to-hip ratio 0.681,0.923,and for waist circumference,0.777 cm,86.5 cm,and for fat rate were 0.66%,26.85%,respectively. Conclusions Waist circumference,BMI,waist hip ratio,%BF can be used as a reference index to predict the IR.Waist circumference and BMI is the best prediction index of IR.

Prevalence and influencing factors of dental caries on deciduous teeth among preschool children in Xi'an.

ZHANG Song-jie,LI Jun,WU Dan-dan,WANG Lei.

2016, 24(4):  434-436.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-04-29

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Objective To investigate the status of dental caries on deciduous teeth and influencing factors among preschool children in Xi'an,provide a scientific basis for making prevention and intervention measures of dental caries in children. Methods The cluster random sampling method was used in this study.A total of 881 preschool children in 3 kindergartens were surveyed,the questionnaires were completed by their parents.The results were analyzed by SPSS 18.0. Results The prevalence,mean dmft and filling rate of dental caries among preschool children in Xi'an was 51.08%,2.25 and 8.88% respectively.There were significant differences (P<0.05) in caries prevalence and mean dmft among different age groups,the caries prevalence and mean dmft increased as children were growing up.There were no significant differences in caries prevalence and mean dmft among different gender groups.The results of Logistic regression analysis showed that the risk factors of caries in preschool children were the older age,the later weaning time,the higher frequency for daily consumption of sweets,and the higher debris index.The results also showed that the correct brushing method,brushing frequency and using fluoride toothpaste were protective factors for children suffering from caries. Conclusions The prevalence of dental caries in preschool children is relatively high in Xi'an,however,the filling rate is low.To strengthen the publicity of oral health knowledge,culture scientific oral hygiene habits,take topical fluoridation,pit and fissure sealant are very important for preventing dental caries of children.

Dental caries experience and periodontal treatment needs of children with autistic spectrum disorder.

LI Jin-hong,JIN Dong-mei,WANG Cheng.

2016, 24(4):  437-339.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-04-30

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Objective To assess dental caries experience and periodontal treatment needs among children diagnosed with autistic spectrum disorder (ASD). Methods A cross-sectional,comparative case-control study was used,in which dental caries experience of 60 children with ASD was compared with that of 60 controls.The children with ASD were recruited from Centre of Children with ASD.Controls were recruited from school children and matched for age,gender and socioeconomic status.DMFT,dmft for dental caries experience and CPITN for periodontal treatment needs were calculated according to WHO criteria by a calibrated examiner.Scores for DMFT,dmft as well as CPITN indices were compared using bivariate analysis. Results The data analyzed for this study comprised observations from a group of children (cases = 60) diagnosed with ASD matched with healthy children (controls= 60).Consequently,each group consisted of 46 males and 14 females aged 3~14 years old (mean 7.29 ± 3.11).The ASD children showed significantly lower means for dmft and higher means for DMFT teeth as well as higher periodontal treatment needs (P＜0.05). Conclusion Children with ASD are found to have lower dmft scores and higher DMFT scores,the unmet periodontal treatment needs is higher than that of unaffected control children.

Follow-up study on the intelligent development of infants with different gestational ages.

HE Xiao-ying,YU Hong.

2016, 24(4):  440-442.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-04-31

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Objective To compare the developmental quotients(DQs) of the observed infants with different gestational ages(GA,26⁺¹~42⁺⁶weeks) at different ages and to find out the rule of intelligent development of infants with different gestational ages. Methods A total of 3 438 infants who were followed up to 2 years or older from 2012 to 2014 were chosen.The infants were divided into 5 groups according to their GAs and their DQs were recorded at the age of 3,6,9,12,18,24 months respectively.Then the mean values of DQs of different groups were calculated and compared. Results DQs of the very preterm infants were lower than those of other groups during the follow-up period (P<0.05).DQs of late preterm infants could reach the level of term infants and post term infants at 18 months old and later (P>0.05).DQs of term infants and post term infants with different GAs had no significant differences at 6 months old and later (P>0.05). Conclusion The very preterm infants are still the main population of poor intelligent development,active measures should be taken to improve their quality of life

Comparative evaluation of the diagnostic ability to rickets by quantitative detection of infant serum bone alkaline phosphatase.

LIU Fei,RONG Xiao-lan,QIU Xian-tao,GAO Fei,CAI Min-min,CHEN Xiao-juan.

2016, 24(4):  443-445.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-04-32

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Objectives To improve the detection of bone alkaline phosphatase(BAP) for early diagnosis and prevention of rickets for reducing missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis. Methods Enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA) method was used to detect of BAP of rickets,suspected rickets and healthy infants quantitatively.The reference range was established to find the critical point of diagnosis and evaluated its diagnostic value using ROC curve analysis.Further more,the diagnostic performance of quantitative BAP was compared with qualitative BAP and ALP. Results The reference range of ELISA quantitative detection of infant BAP was 68~246 U/L.With more than 280 U/L as threshold value of rickets,the diagnostic specificity was 99.6%,the sensitivity was 91.2%,the accuracy percentage was 98.2%,and positive likelihood ratio was 227.9.By contrast,with more than 236 U/L quantitative ALP as the thershold value of rickets,the diagnostic specificity was 72.0%,the sensitivity was 79.4%,the accuracy percentage was 72.9%,and positive likelihood ratio was 2.8.The specificity of BAP qualitative to diagnosis of rickets was 84.8%,the sensitivity was 35.3%,the accuracy percentage was 78.9% and positive likelihood ratio was 2.3.For 23 cases with early signs of rickets,BAP ELISA quantitative hinted rickets in 16 cases (69.6%),BAP qualitative hinted rickets in 6 cases (26.1%),ALP quantitative hinted rickets in 11 cases (47.8%). Conclusions Compared with ALP quantitative and BAP qualitative,BAP quantitative with ELISA showed a better diagnostic capability of infant rickets.BAP ELISA can earlier find the change of the serum marker in infant with rickets,facilitate timely intervention.Therefore,it is recommended that detecting BAP with ELISA quantitative to reduce missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis of rickets.