Table of Content

10 August 2017, Volume 25 Issue 8

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Relationship between early growth of preterm very low birth weight infants and parenteral and enteral nutrition

YU Mu-xue,GUO Chu-yi,LIU Wang-kai,ZHUANG Si-qi

2017, 25(8):  759-762.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2017-25-08-02

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Objective To investigate the relationship between early growth of preterm very low birth weight infant (VLBWI) and parenteral and enteral nutrition,so as to provide scientific basis for parenteral nutrition (PN) and enteral nutrition (EN) regimen in clinical practice. Methods All eligible VLBWIs were divided into two groups according to the change of Z-score (ΔWt SDS) between birth and correct gestational age at discharge for body weight:non-catch-down (NCD) group,ΔWt SDS≥-0.67;catch-down (CD) group:ΔWt SDS＜-0.67.Clinical data were analyzed between the two groups. Results There were 92 cases in NCD group and 85 cases in CD group.No significant differences were found in incidence of maternal complications,birth anthropometric parameters (weight,length,head circumference) and relative anthropometric parameters Z-score between the two groups (P＞0.05).The NCD group had better anthropometric parameters and relative anthropometric parameters Z-score than the CD group at discharge (P＜0.05 or ＜0.01).The NCD group had lower incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia and parenteral nutrition associated cholestasis than the CD group (P＜0.05).The NCD group had significant lower PN duration than the CD group (P＜0.01).The NCD group had higher PN energy intake than the CD group from day 5 to day 7 (P＜0.05).However,the NCD group had lower PN energy intake than the CD group from week 2 to week 6 (P＜0.05).The NCD group had higher EN feeding volume from day 5 to week 6 (P＜0.05 or ＜0.01).The NCD group had higher EN and PN total protein intake from day 5 to week 5 (P＜0.05). Conclusion Adequate PN lipid and energy intake during the first week of life,enhanced EN feeding volume could shorten PN duration and improve early growth of VLBWI.

Study on iron intake of different sources in children from 3 to 12 years old in 6 cities and 2 rural areas in China

LAN Feng-ying,WANG Mei-chen,ZHAO Ai,ZHANG Yu-mei,WANG Pei-yu

2017, 25(8):  763-766.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2017-25-08-03

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Objective To explore the iron intake of children from different sources and assess the iron status of children. Methods A total of 1 600 children aged 3~12 years old were selected through multiple stage stratified cluster sampling from 6 cities and 2 rural areas of China.General information and 24 h dietary recalls were obtained by questionnaire. Results The overall dietary iron intake was (14.3±8.3)mg/d,with a median of 12.4(9.5,16.6) mg/d.The overall animal source iron intake (meat,eggs and milk) was (2.6±2.8)mg/d,with a median of 2.2(1.1,3.48) mg/d.The overall plant source iron intake was (10.4±7.8) mg/d,with a median of 8.6(6.1,12.0) mg/d.The overall Animal Source Food Ratio (ASFR) was 18.6%.There were 278 (17.4%) children with iron intake lower than EAR,and 47 (2.9%) children with iron intake higher than UL.The proportion of children with iron intake lower than EAR in Chengdu was the lowest (6.3%),while the proportion of children with iron intake higher than UL in Xingtai mountain area was the highest (7.7%).ASFR of rural children was significantly lower than urban level.The most important food source for dietary iron was cereals and meat. Conclusion The iron intake of children in China is relatively low,much attention should be paid to improve animal source iron intake of children in rural areas.

Analysis of growth and development status among 7~18 years old children and adolescents in Shandong,China

WU Qiong,XIE Hong,LIU Chang-yun,LI Yan

2017, 25(8):  767-772.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2017-25-08-04

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Objective To analyze the growth level of children and adolescents aged from 7 to 18 in Shandong Province and evaluate the development level between different regions. Methods Growth data for adolescents in various regions was differentiated and analyzed based on economic level of that area.Distribution tables that include heights,weights,overweight and obesity were made out;Graphs about the 3^rd,50^th and 97^th percentiles of heights and weight were plotted;And results were compared with height and weight standardized growth chart for Chinese children and adolescents aged 0 to 18 years (CHN) and 2000 CDC Growth Charts for the United State. Results For both boys and girls,heights and weights increased with age.The height and weight in all age groups of developed regions were highest among developed regions,less-developed and underdeveloped regions.While the height and weights in all age groups of less-developed were higher than those of underdeveloped regions.The result was statistically significant (P<0.05) for all age groups except for girls in aged 15 groups and aged 16~18 groups.For both boys and girls,heights and weights in all age groups were higher than those in CHN.The height in boys before 17 and girls before 13 were higher than those in CDC. Conclusions The growth and development of adolescents in Shandong province are affected significantly by the economic level of that region.The overall heights and weights of adolescents in Shandong province are higher than thoae in CHN level,and data from middle and late stages of puberty are close to that of CDC standard.However,percentages of overweight and obesity are significantly high.

Analysis of pubertal development of school-age children in Yiwu

XU Jing,RUI Qiu-qin,LOU Zheng-yuan,CHEN Ya-nan,SHI Chang-chun

2017, 25(8):  773-775.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2017-25-08-05

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Objective To survey the current status of pubertal development of urban school-age children in Yiwu,and to compare the difference between Yiwu and national level. Methods Totally 1 026 school-age children (578 male,448 female) were selected from 2 schools in urban area of Yiwu city from September to October 2016.The height,weight,waist circumference (WC),hip circumference(HC) and sexual maturation states (Tanner stages:breast stages for girls and testicular volume for boys) of children and adolescents were measured. Results 1) Breast development at B2 period of 9 years old group was observed in 18% of girls,B3 and above period was observed in 11.5%; Testicular development began of 10 years old group was observed in 8.9% of boys,G3 and above period was observed in 1.1%; 2)The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 16.1% and 13% in girls,the prevalence of overweight and obesity was 7.2% and 12.6% in boys;3) Testis volume was positively correlated with age,height,body weight,BMI and waist circumference,and age was the strongest correlation;4)The proportion of sexual development in overweight and obesity group were higher than in normal group of boys and girls in all age groups. Conclusion The sexual development level of school-age children in Yiwu is higher than the national average level,it is worthy for people to pay attention on this point.

Application of Quality-of-Life Scale for School-Age Children With Functional Abnormalities in Binocular Vision

GAO Yu,HU Jia-li,SHI Jing,GE Rong-rong,JING Ming,ZHOU Zhe,SUN Yan,ZHENG Yu

2017, 25(8):  776-779.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2017-25-08-06

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Objective To explore the clinical application of Quality-of-Life Scale for School-Age Children With Functional Abnormalities in Binocular Vision(QOL-CFA20). Methods One hundred and thirty four school-age children with functional abnormalities in binocular vision and 120 with normal vision were surveyed by using the QOL-CFA20 and vison function-14(VF-14). Results The total score of QOL-CFA20 had significant correlations with the total score of VF-14(P<0.01),VF-14=5.149~0.299(the total score of QOL-CFA20).The optimal critical value of QOL-CFA20 in preoperative quality of life assessment for school-age children with functional abnormalities in binocular vision was 56,with the sensitivity and specificity being 0.948 and 0.918 respectively,and the area under the curve was 0.959.The predictive validity of QOL-CFA20 was better than VF-14. Conclusion For school-age children with functional abnormalities in binocular vision,the optimal critical value of QOL-CFA20 is 56,and QOL-CFA20 is an effective tool for school-age children with functional abnormalities.

Clinical characteristics and gene mutation analysis of one pedigree with glycogen storage disease type Ⅳ

PAN Si-nian,CHEN Hong,XING Yu,TANG Ben-yu,ZHANG Min

2017, 25(8):  780-782.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2017-25-08-07

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Objective To identify the mutation of glycogen-branching enzyme 1 (GBE1) gene in a family with glycogen storage disease type Ⅳ(GSD Ⅳ). Methods A 17-month-old Chinese girl was admitted to the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University (Guangzhou,China) with hepatosplenomegaly.She had shown signs of jaundice and failure to thrive.The peripheral blood samples from the proband and her parents and two older brothers were collected,and the pathogenic genes and mutational sites of the proband were screened by the next generation sequencing and verified by Sanger sequencing. Results In the family,the proband carried a homozygous mutation of c.1571G>A in the GBE1 gene,while his parents and the younger brother carried a heterozygous mutation of c.1571G>A.The older brother was normal.GSD Ⅳ was diagnosed and liver transplantation was recommended.The parents declined the liver transplantation.She died of liver failure at 22 months of age. Conclusions The clinical characteristics and gene mutation analysis of one pedigree with GSD Ⅳ and homozygous missense c.1571G>A mutation in GBE1 gene were first identified in mainland China.The identified mutations add to the list of GBE1 mutations of the hepatic form of GSD-IV.

Relationship between symptoms of autism children and personality characteristics of their parents

SUN Shi-bang,DU Ya-song,YU Shun-ying

2017, 25(8):  783-785.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2017-25-08-08

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Objective To investigate the correlation between symptoms of autism patients and the personality of their parents. Method A total of 250 autism patients completed Social Communication Questionnaire,parents of autism patients completed Eysenk Personality Questionnaire. Results 1) There were no significant differences between preschool group and school-age group in dimensions of SCQ scale scores;but the difference of stability of father personality was statistically significant (P＜0.05) between father of school-age group and preschool children.2)Compared to male autism children,female autism children had higher repetitive and stereotyped behavior scores,and the personality of female autism children's mother was more unstable(P＜0.05).3) Two groups were divided according to SCQ high boundary values (22 points).There were no significant differences in dimensions score of parents' personality between the two groups.4)There's no correlation between dimensions of autism children's SCQ scale scores and dimensions score of their parents' personalities. Conclusions The repetitive and stereotyped symptoms of female autism patients are more serious.Parental unstable personality traits are associated with the age and gender of their children.Autism symptoms and parental personality traits may not interact through direct effect.

Co-word analysis of current research on nutrition of premature infants after discharge in China

LIU Xiao-mei,LUO Bi-ru,PENG Wen-tao

2017, 25(8):  786-788.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2017-25-08-09

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Objective The co-word analysis was applied to analyze Chinese literatures on nutrition of premature infants after discharge published over the recent decade,aiming to explore the research status and progress of the field and provide a foundation for further studies. Methods Literatures on the Chinese National Knowledge Integrated Database were searched by using "premature infant","nutrition" or "feeding"," discharge" as subject headings,and those fitting in the criteria were included into the study.Keywords statistics and analysis were conducted by using Bicomb2,and a co-occurrence analysis diagram was drawn by using Ucinet 6.0 and Netdraw to visualize the co-occurrence between frequently occurred keywords. Results A total of 72 literatures were included and 20 high-frequency keywords were extracted for co-word analysis,revealing the correlations between the keywords.The results showed that studies on nutrition of premature infants after discharge in China focused on the growth and development of the low-birth-weight and small for gestational age infants.In the ways of nutritional support,the breastfeeding and post discharge formula were the most popular.However,the fortified nutrition time,the method and attention of adding the assisted food,the long-term influence due to growth defect,and the nutrition management method after discharge need further studies. Conclusions At present the domestic studies about the nutrition of premature infants after discharge are relatively less in general,and in which the nutritional support object and method are relatively more.In the future,we need further studies on the fortified nutrition,adding the assisted food,the long-term influence due to growth defect,the nutrition management method after discharge and so on

Research of the dose of bifidobacterium in the application in neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis in newborn rats

YANG Guo-peng,ZHU Ming-zhe,WANG Fang-fang,LAO Cheng-jun

2017, 25(8):  789-792.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2017-25-08-10

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Objective To study the dose of bifidobacteria in preventing neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in newborn rats,and to provide theoretical for clinical rational drug use. Methods A total of 40 SD rats were divided into 5 groups randomly:A,the normal group;B,NEC model group,give them lavage with normal saline daily while making model;C,NEC model group,establish the model and give 0.4 mg/g of duplex butyric acid bacteria living bacterium(Its main effective components is bifidobacterium)to fill the stomach daily;D,NEC model group,established the model and give 4 mg/g of duplex butyric acid bacteria living bacterium to fill the stomach daily;E,NEC model group,established the model and give 20 mg/g duplex butyric acid bacteria living bacterium to fill the stomach daily;Weighed their body weights and recorded everyday.Three days later,to fast one day.Put all the newborn mice to death.Anatomy all the rats and detect the contents of TNF-α and contrast them,observe the changes of their intestinal tissue and compared them;Observe the pathological changes of the intestinal tissue with HE staining. Results The average changes of body weight were A>D>E>C>B.There was no significance between group D and group E and no significance between group B and group C.Statistical significance existed among other groups.The mean scores of their HE staining pathology were B>D>C>E>A,there was statistical significance between A and other groups only.The averages of their TNF-α were group B>group C>group D>group E>group A.Based on the analysis of the above data,there was no significance between group D and group E and no significance between group B and group C.Statistical significance existed among other groups. Conclusion The optimal dose of duplex butyric acid bacteria living bacterium in neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis mice model may be 4 to 20 mg/g.The equivalent dose of bifidobacterium is 4×10³ CFU to 20×10³CFU.

Advances in research on small intestinal bacterial overgrowth

LIU Zuo-jing,DUAN Li-ping

2017, 25(8):  793-795.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2017-25-08-11

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Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth(SIBO)is a condition characterized by the presence of abnormal diversity and/or excessive numbers of bacterium in the small intestine due to a variety of functional or organic reasons,with a myriad of symptoms including abdominal pain,bloating,diarrhea,nutritional deficiencies,and so on.SIBO is found in a wide variety of childhood diseases and conditions and affects their health and growth.However,SIBO in children is lack of sufficient consideration.The epidemiology,pathogenesis and risk factors,diagnositic tests and therapy of SIBO are reviewed in this paper

Study on health management of premature infants

FANG Jiao-jiao,CHEN Hai-hua,ZHANG Lan,YIN Xiu,YAO Wan-qing

2017, 25(8):  796-798.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2017-25-08-12

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It reviews the definition of health management,the managers,management,management contents,management effects and related assessment tools of health management for premature infants,and the development trend of health management for premature infants in China is expounded,which provide the theoretical basis and behavior guidance for the domestic health management of premature infants.

Research progress of neonatal viamin A deficiency

LI Wen-di,WEI Shou-lei,PENG Yun,SHAO Xing-lan,ZHAO Han-qing

2017, 25(8):  799-802.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2017-25-08-13

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Vitamin A is important lipid soluble vitamin,which is involved in many functions of the body and plays an important role in the development of children's growth.Neonatal vitamin A deficiency is closely related to the occurrence of the disease.Neonatal vitamin A supplementation is currently being considered as policy in countries at risk of deficiency.But at present,many studies challenge this policy.This review focus on current research progress of neonatal vitamin A deficiency,which will better guide clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Research advances in the effect of early education on infant growth and development

CHEN Yan-ling,QU Gui-yu,FANG Jia-qi

2017, 25(8):  803-805.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2017-25-08-14

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The connotation of infants early education,the influence of early education on infants nervous system and motor development,physical development and social behavior,the use of domestic infants development scale of six aspects are reviewed.Existing researchs mostly focuse on the influence of early education of infants and preschool children,less impact on the future research.The author thinks that the early education vary by mode and by starting time and duration,but the results show that the early education of infants nervous system,motor development,physical development and improving the ability of social adaptation have a positive role.The mother-infant relationship and the parents cognition have a positive effect on quality of early education,so early education should strengthen the parents' perception of early education connotation.Further research is needed to determine which interventions and methods are effective and longest to promote the infants growth and development.

Strategies of promoting the full oral feeding for preterm infants

XING Hai-ying,CHEN Jing-li

2017, 25(8):  806-808.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2017-25-08-15

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To explore the research progress and effects of different feeding strategies on promoting the full oral feeding for preterm infants.Through reviewing the related studies,it is gained that the different effects and conclusions about different strategies on promoting the full oral feeding for preterm infants owing to the different standards,designs and other problems.It requires clinic professionals to explore the effect of different interventions based on particular standards and so that it can direct clinical practices better.

Study on the status of refractive development and its influence factors among preschool children in urban area of Shanghai city

FAN Te,SHI Hui-qing,WANG Jian,HU Xiang-ying,WANG Hong-bing,CHEN Jin-jin

2017, 25(8):  809-811.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2017-25-08-16

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Objective To understand the ametropia rate of preschool children in urban area of Shanghai city and related influencing factors of ametropia,and take corresponding measures to promote the development of the vision health. Methods From February to July of 2016,641 preschool children in 3 kindergartens in urban area of Shanghai city were randomly selected as the research objects.Refraction screening was performed with suresight vision screening instrument.The daily life conditions of children were surveyed by a questionnaire,and analyze related influencing factors of ametropia. Results Screening of 641 preschool children,received 604 valid questionnaire.63children were abnormal,with a rate of 10.4%.The abnormal rates for the age group of 3～,4～,5～ and 6～ ＜7 years old were 7.5%,8.9%,11.6%and 12.5%,respectively.The study found that the ametropia rate of preschool children was related to treatment in pregnancy,abnormal in newborn,mather'education,diet,daily outdoor activity time and daily sleep time(P＜0.05).Multivariate analysis showed that non-treatment in pregnancy,outdoor activity time more than 1hour every day and daily sleep time more than 8 hours was a protective factor of children with the ametropia. Conclusion The ametropia of preschool children in urban area of Shanghai is affected by a variety of factors including bad habits in daily life,which should be paid more attention to,and effective intervention measures targeting to related factors should be taken to protect visual development of children.

Investigation and intervention effect analysis of lactose intolerance in infants

TIAN Wei-wei

2017, 25(8):  812-814.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2017-25-08-17

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Objective To investigate the status of lactose intolerance among infants in Qinhuai District of Nanjing and the effects of different interventions,and to provid reference for fargeted inventions. Methods Healthy infants and diarrhea infants were tested by urinary galactose detection separately.Positive test results indicated lactase deficiency,which combined with gastrointestinal symptoms were suggested as lactose intolerance.Then analyze the different intervention results for the lactose intolerant infants. Results The incidence of lactase deficiency in infants with diarrhea was significantly higher than that of healthy children,the incidence of lactase deficiency in breast-fed infants with diarrhea was lower than that of formula-fed infants with diarrhea,the statistical differences of the two aspects were both significant(P＜0.05).The antidiarrheal time of the original milk diet plus lactase group and the lactose-free diet group were less than that of the continued original milk diet group.The differences between the former two and the latter group were significant respectively (P＜0.05).The former two had no statistical difference(P＞0.05). Conclusions Infants with diarrhea are prone to secondary lactose intolerance.The incidence of lactose intolerance in breast-fed infants is lower than that of formula-fed infants.The effects of keeping the original milk diet with lactase and the lactose-free diet to intervene the disease are both better than that of continuing the original milk diet,but has shortcomings in clinical application.Lactose intolerance impairs children's health,so early detection,early diagnosis and early targeted interventions are necessary.

Measurements of physical symmetry indexes for healthy children in Shenzhen aged 6~13 years old

HOU Li-ping,SU Zhe,CHEN Wei,QI Hong-tao,WANG Li,ZHOU Li

2017, 25(8):  815-817.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2017-25-08-18

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Objective To assist the estimations of body proportions by measuring the physical symmetry indexes of 6~13 years old healthy children in Shenzhen. Methods Four primary schools were chosen by random cluster sampling method.The children were divided into 7 age groups of each gender.Measurements of height,weight,sitting height,arm span were carried out by endocrinologists.The ratio of sitting height /height,arm span /height and Extremities-trunk were calculated. Results 1) Totally 3 212 children underwent body measurements,451 were excluded,2 761 were included.There were 1 400 boys and 1 361 girls included,including 2 670 ethnic Han that accounted for 96.7%.There were 91 children from 18 minorities.The number of each age group were ranged from 67 to 333.2) As the age growing from 6 to 13,the ratio of arm span/height and extremities-trunk of boys were increased from (0.97±0.02)cm and (2.56±0.11)cm to (0.97±0.02)cm and (2.80±0.11)cm respectively.Those of girls were increased from (0.96±0.02)cm and (2.57±0.09)cm to (0.96±0.02)cm and (2.57±0.10)cm respectively.The ratio of sitting height/height was decreased from (0.55±0.01)cm to (0.52±0.01)cm.3)The mean proportion of sitting height/height was significantly lower in boys compared with girls at the age of 12~13 years old (P＜0.01);The mean proportion of extremities-trunk ratio was significantly higher in boys compared with girls at the age of 11~12 years old and 12~13 years old(P＜0.01);the mean proportion of arm span/height was significantly higher in boys compared with girls at the age of 7~10 years old (P＜0.05). Conclusion The results of this study can help with the judgments of body proportions of healthy children in Shenzhen aged of 6~13 years old.

Association between single nucleotide polymorphism of vitamin D receptor gene in infants with rickets in Suzhou

YE Kan,SONG Yuan,KONG Rui,ZHOU Qin,MENG Yu-mei,LIU Ping

2017, 25(8):  818-820.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2017-25-08-19

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Objective To investigate the association between two single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNP) of BsmI,FokI loci in vitamin D receptor gene(VDR) with the genetic susceptibility of rickets among infants in Suzhou. Methods A case-control study was performed in 62 infants with rickets and 73 healthy infants in Suzhou.The genotypes of two SNPs in VDR gene,BsmI,FokI loci were identified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA sequencing.The frequencies of genotypes and alleles of VDR gene were compared between the two groups. Results There were significant differences in genotype frequencies of FokI between the case and control groups (P=0.009).And compared with its wild-type counterpart,a significant increased rickets risk associated with TT genotype (OR=4.323,95%CI:1.088~17.17,P=0.038).Besides,the levels of 25-(OH)D and bone mineral density in the infants.The TT genotype were significantly lower than those with CT or CC genotype(P<0.05).In terms of BsmI,the frequencies of the genotypes and alleles showed no significant differences between the two groups(P>0.05). Conclusion The polymorphisms of FokI in VDR gene may be associated with increased rickets risk among the infants in Suzhou,and TT genotype may be a genetic risk factor for the development of rickets.

Analysis of anemia among children aged 6~24 months in poor rural areas of Hunan Province

FANG Jun-qun,LUO Jia-you,LIAO Kai,WANG Hua,XIE Dong-hua,YANG Wen-zhen

2017, 25(8):  824-826.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2017-25-08-21

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Objective To describe the statue of anemia among infants and young children aged 6~24 months in poor rural areas of Hunan Province,providing a preference for carrying out the comprehensive prevention of control of infants anemia in poor rural areas. Methods Probability-Proportional-to-Size Sampling (PPS) and systematic sampling were adopted,status of family was surveyed with a questionnaire,and hemoglobin,body weight and height were measured among infants and young children aged 6~24 months in poor rural areas of Hunan Province. Results A total of 14082 infants and young children aged 6~24 months were investigated.The prevalence of anemia of the infants was 32.7%.The prevalence of anemia were 39.6%,31.4%,36.4% and 30.8%,respectively from 2012 to 2015.The prevalence of anemia of the boys was higher than that of girls(P<0.05),the prevalence of anemia of infants in 6~ month-old,12~ month-old and 18~24 month-old were 42.7%,33.6% and 24.5%,respectively.The prevalence of anemia decreased with the increasing age.The prevalence of anemia of the underweight infants was higher than that of normal and the prevalence of anemia of the low body mass index (BMI) infants was higher than that of normal(P<0.05).The prevalence of nutritional status anemia of the wasting infants was higher than that of normal and the prevalence of anemia of the stunting infants was higher than that of normal,but there was no significant statistical difference(P>0.05).The prevalence of anemia of the infants whose father with higher education was lower than the infants whose father with lower education(P>0.05).Compared with the infants whose mother with higher education,the prevalence of anemia of the infants whose mother with lower education was higher(P<0.05). Conclusions The prevalence of anemia among infants and young children in poor rural areas of Hunan Province is high.It is essential to take comprehensive interventions to improve infants malnutrition and decrease the prevalence of anemia among infants and young children in rural areas.

Research on influencing factors of weight growth rate of preterm infants after discharge from hospital

LIANG Xiu-yun,WAN Sheng-xian,LI Xiao-yan,CHAI Zhu-qing,WANG Jia-an,WANG Hui-qin

2017, 25(8):  827-829.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2017-25-08-22

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Objective To explore influencing factors of weight growth rate of preterm infants post-discharge of hospital in half a year,and to provide the theoretical basis for improving the life quaity of premature infants. Methods A total of 174 premature infants were followed up from 2012 to 2014 at the following-up center of high-risk children in our hospital,with physique development parameters monitored per month till six months after discharge from the hospital.At the mean time,base line data were collected,such as gestational age,birth weight,complications,high risk factors,family back ground,etc.Multiple regression analysis was in application of analyzing the impact factors. Results ANOVA analysis showed there was difference at feeding styles,gender,small for gestational age and preterm infant classification,and it was statically significant(P<0.05).There was no significant difference at birth weight,delivery age,infant complication and pregnancy complication respectively(P>0.05).Multiple regression analysis indicated that main influencing factors of body weight growth rate of the post-charge hospital premature infants included gestational age,small for gestational age,gender and feeding style. Conclusion Personalized nutrition formula may have a far-reaching influence on weight catch-up of preterm infants.

Preliminary study on the medical reference value of physiological indexes for cardiopulmonary exercise testing in children

XIANG Ting,YANG Qiao-zhi

2017, 25(8):  830-833.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2017-25-08-23

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Objective To study the physiological indexes of children receiving cardiopulmonary exercise testing(CPET)in order to establish the normal CPET reference value in Chinese children. Methods Four hundred and fifty healthy children underwent the CPET with the standard scheme using the cardiopulmonary testing system.There were fifty children per age,and the gender ratio was 1∶1.The indexes included oxygen uptake at anaerobic threshold (VO₂@AT),peak oxygen uptake (VO₂ peak),peak oxygen pulse (peak VO₂/HR),minimum of respiratory minute volume to CO₂ production (VE/VCO₂ minimum),slope of respiratory minute volume to CO₂ production (VE/VCO₂ slope),slope of oxygen uptake efficiency (OUES),peak tolerance power (Pmax),peak heart rate (HRmax) and maximal minute ventilation(VEmax). Results The VO₂ peak of boys was:4~6 years old:(816.36±152.03)ml/min;7~9 years old:(1 132.19±261.6)ml/min;10~12 years old:(1 418.99±270.2)ml/min respectively.The VO₂ peak of girls was:4~6:(700.36±139.77)ml/min;7~9 years old:(1 004.19±198.5)ml/min;10~12:(1 264.97±230.2)ml/min.VO₂@AT,VO₂ peak,Peak VO₂/HR,OUES,Pmax and VEmax all increased with age (P<0.001).VE/VCO₂ minimum and VE/VCO₂ slope decreased with age(P<0.001).The prediction equations for the above indexes were established by parameters of anthropometry.Peak VO₂/HR=-2.757+0.148×age (y) +0.049 × height (cm) +0.040× weight (kg) +0.892 × gender ("boys" =1,"girls" =0). Conclusions This study is to provide CPET medical reference value based on a large sample of Chinese children.The study can be used under the circumstances that there is no pediatric medical reference of CPET in China.

Heritability analysis of myopia among primary and middle school students in Yining City

WANG Ting-ting,Munire·Rezi,Aikeranmu·Aihemaiti,WANG Yan-jie,LIU Zao-ling

2017, 25(8):  834-836.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2017-25-08-24

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Objective To understand the relationship between myopia and genetic of primary and middle school students in Yining. Methods By a randomized cluster sampling method,in 2015-2016 in Yining City,a random sample of 6 schools (urban and Township 3) conducted a questionnaire survey and vision screening; statistical analysis was performed using SPSS19.0 software and Falconer method. Results Totally 997 students myopia among 2 879 students (34.6%) were investigated;There were statistically significant differences in prevalence of myopia in different nationality,different genders,different stages of learning (P<0.05);The heritability of secondary students was higher than that of first-degree relatives,while that of severe myopia was higher (0.560 4±0.066 3).Han students heritability (0.487 1±0.026 5) was higher than that of Uygur students,female students heritability (0.487 1±0.026 5) was higher than that of male students,pupils heritability (0.611 9±0.045 0) was higher than middle school students. Conclusion Students who have a family history of myopia are more likely to be short sighted than those without family history.

Research of immune regulation effect of vitamin A on infants with recurrent respiratory tract infection

QI Shuang-hui,WEI Bing,ZHANG Chao,LI Mo,WANG Ye,WANG Xue-na

2017, 25(8):  837-839.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2017-25-08-25

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Objective To investigate the effect of vitamin A on immune regulation in children with recurrent respiratory tract infection(RRTI),and to provide reference for clinical treatment. Methods Infants of 0.5~3 years old from January 2015 to January 2016,353 cases of RRTI in were divided into treatment group (176 cases) and control group (177 cases).Two groups were given routine treatment of anti infection and symptomatic treatment,treatment group based on the use of oral vitamin A (20 thousand U/D),after 3 months of follow-up,T cell subsets and immunoglobulin were detected before and after treatment,and two groups of clinical curative effect evaluation,recurrence times during follow-up of patients with RRTI. Results T immune globulin treatment group (IgG,IgA,IgM),cell subsets (CD₃,CD₄,CD₄/CD₈) were significantly higher than that before treatment,the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05);The control group before and after treatment with immunoglobulin and T cell subsets had no significant difference;Treatment after the comparison of the results between groups,the treatment group of immunoglobulin (IgG,IgA,IgM) were higher than the control group (P<0.05),especially T cell subsets (CD₃,CD₄,CD₄/CD₈) with significant statistical differences.During the period of 3 months,the average number of respiratory infections among the two groups was compared.The results showed that the treatment group was significantly less than the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Vitamin A can improve the immunity of infants and young children with RRTI,and reduce the frequency of recurrence of the disease and shorten the course of disease,it is worthy of clinical application.

Study on associations between feeding behaviors and overweight/obesity among infants and young children in Niujie community,Beijing

MAO Yan-song,YU Xiao-ming,ZHANG Qin-ting,CHEN Yong-mei,
CUI Jing,ZHANG Jin-ling,WU Jing,LI Yan-liang

2017, 25(8):  840-842.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2017-25-08-26

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Objectives To investigate the relationship between feeding behavior and overweight/obesity among infants and young children,and to provide reference for the development of overweight / obesity prevention measures among infants and young children. Methods Self-fill questionnaire was used to investigate the feeding behaviors of 176 infants and young children aged 0~3 years old in Niujie community,Beijing.BMI was calculated,and all the subjects were divided into normal weight,overweight and obese groups according to BMI.Chi-square test was performed to investigate the differences of feeding behavior between caregivers from weight groups. Results Classification by BMI calculation,overweight children accounted for 12.5%,obese children accounted for 8.5% of infant and young children aged 0~3 years old in Niujie community,Beijing.Significant differences in the forced feeding behavior were found between different weight groups (P<0.01). Conclusions The forced feeding behavior among infant and young children is closely related to overweight/obesity,which can reduce the risk of overweight/obesity of children by intervening the forced feeding behavior.

Express of PON2 and LTSR in the children of the bronchial asthma and relevance with clinical biological significance

CHENG Wei,WANG Zhen,WANG Jing,YAN Kun

2017, 25(8):  843-845.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2017-25-08-27

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Objective To investigate the relationship between serum paraoxonase 2 and lekukotriene receptor expression in children with bronchial asthma and explore its clinical significance. Methods Compare the serum paraoxonase 2 and leukotriene receptor of different groups in children with bronchial asthma by ELISA,which take the normal children as control. Results There were obvious differences in the expression of the serum paraoxonase 2 and leukotriene receptor between normal children and bronchial asthma cases.Also,there was positive correlation among the severity grade of symptom and their expression level.The r values were 0.81 and 0.73 (P<0.05). Conclusion The paraoxonase 2 and leukotriene receptor can be used as an independent risk factor to detect the prognosis of children with bronchial asthma.

Study on etiology and clinical characteristics in hospitalized children with community-acquired pneumonia at different ages

SHAO Yan,LIU Wei-dong,JI Wei

2017, 25(8):  846-848.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2017-25-08-28

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Objective To explore the etiology and clinical characteristics in hospitalized children with community-acquired pneumonia(CAP) in Yancheng. Methods Retrospective analysis of the clinical date of 541 chileren with CAP in pediatrics respiratory department of Yancheng Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital from October 2014 to September 2015.Multi pathogen detection during hospitalization included:7 kinds of common respiratory virus antigens,myconplasma(MP)pneumonia IgM antibody,anti-Epstein-Barr virus antiboby,sputum culture or blood culture. Results The pathogen positive detection rate was 62.8%.Mycoplasma infection was 26.8%,virus infection was 21.8%,and bacterial infection was 16.8%.From a single point of view,MP infection rate was the highest (28.7%),followed by respiratory virus,streptococcus pneumonia.MP detection positive rate of children with CAP of 1 to 5 years old group and 5 to 14 years old group were both high.Virus infection mainly occurred in infants under 1 year of age.The age and the occurrence and degree of fever had positive relationship.The proportion of children with fever was lower (41.6%) in the group of less than 1 year old mainly as low and moderate degree,while in the group of more than 1 year old higher (55.6%),fever mainly as high degree.The incidence of cough and wheezing in children with CAP who were under 5 years old was significantly higher than that of group of age more than 5 years old.The younger the age,the more obvious pulmonary signs.Little patchy shadows occurred commonly in infants less than 1 year old as single-lung involved.Large patchy shadows occurred commonly in children between 5 to 14 years old as bilateral lung involved.Pleural effusion and atelectasis occurred. Conclusions The CAP pathogens of the hospitalized children in Yancheng are mycoplasmar,virus,bacteria.The rate of pathogen examination is different in CAP patients of different age groups.Children with CAP of different ages and etiology infection are quite distinct from each other in imaging characteristics.

Effect on intestinal flora imbalance on immune function in children of recurrent respiratory tract infection

ZHANG Hai-jun,DONG Xiao-lei

2017, 25(8):  849-851.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2017-25-08-29

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Objective To explore the effect of intestinal flora imbalance on immune function in children with recurrent respiratory tract infection (RRTI). Methods The objects of observation were RRTI children of shelter treatment in Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang and Qingzhou Traditional Chinese Hospital from May 2014 to September 2016,and divided into the group of flora imbalance,non flora imbalance group by the existence of intestinal flora imbalance.The control group were 80 cases of children without RRTI by random extraction.The situation of bacterial flora imbalance were compared in different age groups. Results RRTI group was significantly higher than the control group in incidence rate of flora imbalance,especially in the age of 3,3~6 years old of age,this was statistically significant(P<0.05).RRTI group was significantly lower than the control group in IgA level in the age of 3,3~6 years old of age,this was statistically significan(P<0.05).There was no significant difference between the two groups in IgM level,IgG level(P>0.05). Conclusions Intestinal flora imbalance may be an important risk factor with RRTI in children under 6 years old,this may be related to the reduction of immunoglobulin after flora imbalance.Timely detection of intestinal flora,improvement of intestinal micro ecological environment have a positive meaning to prevention of RRTI.

Study on chromosome abnormal karyotype of mental retardation children Qiqihar area

WANG Xiu-hua,FENG Hua-jie,ZHANG Ming-long,LV Ying,ZHENG Li-hong

2017, 25(8):  852-853.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2017-25-08-30

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Objective To analyse the incidence of abnormal karyotype of the mental retardation (MR) children in Qiqihar area. Method A total of 260 cases of MR children were used peripheral blood cell culture method and G banding karyotype detection. Results Among 260 cases of MR children,abnormal karyotypes detection rate was 41.54%(108/260).Among them,standard 21-trisomy syndrome:50 cases,detection rate was 46.29%(50/108).Strueutarl abnormalities of 11 cases were detected with detection rate of 10.18% (11/108). Conclusions MR children and abnormal karyotypes are closely related,mainly with abnormal karyotype of chromosome 21-trisomy syndrome.It is important to analyze the chromosome karyotype of the MR of children.

Nutritional status and influence factors of 0 to 5 years old children in hospital

WEI Kun

2017, 25(8):  857-859.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2017-25-08-32

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Objective To analyse of the Tibet autonomous region children under the age of five malnutrition and anemia status and its influencing factors in Changdou people's Hospital,and to provide scientific evidence for children nutrition related policy and strategy. Methods Totally 1 208 hospitalized children were extracted using cluster random sample method,child nutrition and anemia condition by the Z score method and hemoglobin value evaluation were analyzed by Logistic regression analysis of possible influence factors,SPSS13.0 was used to software for statistical analysis. Results The growth of children hospitalized delay rate of 12.2%,low weight at a rate of 8.2%,angular rate of 6.8%,anaemia of 20.2%,children's growth delay rate,low rate of weight,angular rate and anaemia in various months between group differences were statistically significant (P<0.01),of which 24~36 months of age group delay rate,the highest growth rate of low weight,angular rate and the peak of the disease by anaemia in 6~12 months of age,gender differences between every months of age group were no statistical significance (P>0.05).Multi-factor analysis results showed that the influence factors of children's growth retardation was birth weight (OR=1.001),the influence factors of low birth weight had months of age (OR=1.018),birth weight (OR=1.001),the influence factors of thin have months of age (OR=1.052) and birth weight (OR=1.001),the influence factors of anemia for months (OR=1.028). Conclusion The Tibet autonomous region to prosperous city people's hospital of malnutrition in hospitalized children under five years old,and still more severe anemia condition,should be for all ages child malnutrition status characteristic formulation corresponding intervention measures,so as to improve the nutrition and health condition of local children.

Application of the ages and stages questionnaires in high-risk infants systematic management

YU Li,LUO Han-yu

2017, 25(8):  860-862.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2017-25-08-33

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Objective To investigate the application of the ages and stages questionnaires in high-risk infants systematic management,and to provide evidences for building a more efficient system management mode. Methods A total of 252 high-risk infants who were born in a community from March 2012 to March 2013 were divided into two groups:the 125 cases who were selected as the observation group were examined by the ages and stages questionnaires in important period of the growth,the other 127 cases as a control group were examined by the original systematic management.After 2 years of follow- up,the follow-up rate,the referral rate,the intelligence development level and social-emotional level related to the future quality of life were analyzed. Results The follow-up rate of observation group was 92.8%,and the referral rate was 43.2%,which were higher than those of control group,the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).The intelligence development level of observing group score (90.25±3.16),higher than that of high-risk infants in the control group,the difference was statistically significant (P<0.01).Social-emotional score (65.91±1.03),below the control group,the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion The application of the ages and stages questionnaires in of high-risk infants systematic management can improve the follow-up rate and referral rate of high-risk infants,raising the level of intelligence and social-emotional ability in high-risk infants,and then improve the quality of survival in high-risk infants.