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Table of Content

    10 December 2017, Volume 25 Issue 12
    Analysis on the results of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Ⅳ of 185 ADHD Children in Shanghai
    SUN Jin-lei, DU Ya-song, JIANG Wen-qing, DENG Si-yu, ZHAO Li-cong, LUAN Feng-huan, GUO Run-pu
    2017, 25(12):  1192-1195.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2017-25-12-02
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    Objectives To explore the intelligence features of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD),and the relationship between intelligence and behavior problems in ADHD children. Methods A total of 185 ADHD children,aged 6~16 years,were tested by WISC-Ⅳ and Conners Parent Symptoms Questionnaire,And the results were compared with those of 96 healthy children. Results 1) The total IQ performance and each subtest were all significantly lower in study group than those in normal control group (P<0.05).However,there were no significant differences among different ADHD subtypes (P>0.05).2) The score distribution of two groups' cognitive efficiency index was significantly different.The cognitive effciency index and the prevalence rate of lower cognitive efficiency in the study group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05).3) Total IQ of ADHD children was significantly related to behavior problem. Conclusions ADHD children's IQ is worse,and with lower cognitive efficiency.Lower IQ performance is related to study problem and anxiety in ADHD children.
    Analysis on association between FADS1,FADS2 genes polymorphisms and ASD of Han nationality children in China
    KANG Jing, ZOU Ming-yang, MA Yong-juan, SONG Xiao-huan, SUN Cai-hong, HAO Yan-qiu, XIA Wei, WU Li-jie
    2017, 25(12):  1196-1199.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2017-25-12-03
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    Objective To analyze whether single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) in FADS1 and FADS2 genes involved in polyunsaturated fatty acids metabolism are related to the risk of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) among Chinese population. Methods A total of 243 subjects with ASD and 243 control subjects were enrolled in this case-control study.Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral whole blood samples.The human genome database and the Haploview 4.2 software were used to select tag SNPs.All tag SNPs genotyping were set by using the Sequenom Mass ARRAY.Associations between the tag SNPs and ASD were analyzed by logistic regression analysis. Results The allele and genotype frequencies at rs526126 in FADS2 showed significant differences between autistic children and control group[rs526126 G allele OR=0.54(0.41~0.72),P<0.001,G/G genotype OR=0.05(0.02~0.18),P<0.001]. Conclusion This study provides supportive evidence on association of the polymorphisms in FADS2 gene with ASD risk in Chinese Han nationality population.
    Features and differences on the performance of children with autism and language retardation tested by Ages and Stages Questionnaires
    LUO Mei-fang, CAO Mu-qing, GUO Cui-hua, WANG Xu-xiang, JING Jin
    2017, 25(12):  1200-1202.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2017-25-12-04
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    Objective To compare different screening results of Chinese version of the Ages and Stages Questionnaires (ASQ) between children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and language retardation (LR),and to provide guidance for early screening and indentification of autism. Methods A total of 44 ASD and 25 LR children aged 16~30 months with the help of researchers and parents were enrolled to finish the screening of Ages and Stages Questionnaires-Third Edition (ASQ-3) and Ages and Stages Questionnaires:Social-Emotional (ASQ-SE).The 5 domains of ASQ-3 including communication (C),gross motor (GM),fine motor (FM),solving problem (SP),personal-social (PS) and the results of ASQ-SE between two groups were compared. Results Compared with LR group,ASD group had higher proportions of failing GM,FM and PS domains (all P<0.05).Adjusted for age and sex,the performance of ASD group in GM (OR=2.52,95%CI:1.24~5.11) and PS (OR=2.15,95%CI:1.18~3.94) domain were worse than those of LR group. Conclusion Children with ASD aged 16~30 months show poorer development in gross motor and personal-social area than those in children with LR.LR children with gross motor and personal-social development delay in the screening of ASQ should be evaluated for autism.
    Analysis on sensory processing of 7 940 preschool children in Nanshan district of Shenzhen
    JIANG Xue-ming, HUANG Yan-ke, GAO Wu-hong, SUN Yan-xiang, WANG Lu, CHEN Yu-huang, JIANG Wen-qing, DU Ya-song
    2017, 25(12):  1203-1206.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2017-25-12-05
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    Objective To analyze sensory processing of preschool children in Nanshan district,Shenzhen. Methods Cluster sampling survey was used.The "short sensory profile" was issued to children's parents in 84 kindergartens in Nanshan district,Shenzhen. Results The sums of taste/smell sensitivity (15.85±2.78 vs 16.02±2.70),t=-0.712,P=0.007),movement sensitivity (12.64±2.03 vs 12.77±1.97,t=-2.821,P=0.005),under responsive/seek sensation (26.14±4.51 vs 27.14±4.4,t=-9.827,P<0.001) and auditory filtering (21.43±3.92 vs 21.89±4.00,t=-5.212,P<0.001) items of boys were lower than those of girls.The sums of movement sensitivity(12.21±2.25),underresponsive/seek sensation(25.40±4.74) and auditory filtering(20.93±3.98) items of 3-year-old children were relatively low.The sums of movement sensitivity(12.84±1.94,F=10.74,P<0.001),underresponsive/seek sensation(27.03±4.51,F=13.95,P<0.001),auditory filtering (21.79±3.98,F=5.23,P<0.001)and low energy/weak(26.44±3.44,F=3.85,P<0.001) items of 5-year-old children were higher than those of 3~4-year-old children.The sums of movement sensitivity,underresponsive/seek sensation,auditory filtering and low energy/weak items were higher with age. Conclusions The definite difference rate of sensory processing of boys is higher than girls.The definite difference rate of sensory processing shows gradual deceasing trend with age.
    Study on the norms of rapid automatized naming and rapid alternating stimulus tests in preschool children
    ZHANG Min, XIE Ya-chun, YANG Lei, HONG Qin, TONG Mei-ling, CHI Xia
    2017, 25(12):  1207-1210.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2017-25-12-06
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    Objective To develop norms for rapid automatized naming and rapid alternating stimulus (RAN/RAS) tests for preschool children. Methods A multi-stage sampling procedure was used to randomly select 314 primary school students aged 5~6 years for the study from 8 kindergartes in Nanjing. Results 1)A total of 314 students were randomly selected to participate in the study for 4 groups with sex ratio of 1∶1.01.2)The scores of the boys and girls did not differ significantly on any of the measures (P>0.05); the scores decreased as the age increased(P<0.001).3)Time reliability correlation coefficient ranged from 0.92 to 0.95,and retest reliability correlation coefficient ranged from 0.98 to 0.99.The validity test showed that the correlation coefficient was statistically significant. Conclusions The scores of RAN/RAS tests norms have significant age gradient and are in line with the law of development.The norms derived in this study are proposed as the norm RAN/RAS scores for preschool children.
    Comparative research of attachment characteristics between only-child and non-only-child in Nanjing
    ZHAN Ming-xin, CHEN Yi-xin, CHEN Tu-nong
    2017, 25(12):  1211-1214.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2017-25-12-07
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    Objective To describe the difference of attachment characteristics between only-child and non-only-child under the current level of economy and culture in Nanjing. Methods Based on data from the investigation of the normal children in Nanjing from 2010 to 2013,this paper made a comparative study on the data of the general demographic questionnaire and the Adolescent Attachment Inventory between 99 only-child students and 87 non-only-child students. Results There was no significant difference in scores of family attachment and friends attachment between only-child group and non-only-child group (P>0.05).The influence of parents' education degree,children's genders,age did not have significant influence on scores of family attachment and friends attachment between only-child group and non-only-child group (P>0.05). Conclusion Under the current level of economy and culture in Nanjing,the attachment characteristics between only-child and non-only-child are alike.The attachment characteristics between only-child and non-only-child with different education of their parents,different gender or age stages is similar.
    Study on the relationship between home nurture environment and behavior problems of preschool children in Jiangsu province
    TIAN Tian, SONG Jia, QIN Yue-yi, ZHANG Dan, LI Jing, HU You-fang
    2017, 25(12):  1215-1217.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2017-25-12-08
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    Objective To understand the current behavior problems of preschool children in Jiangsu province and their relationship with home nurture environment,and to provide theoretical basis for early intervention of children's behavior problems. Methods Cluster random sampling method was used to select children aged 4~6 years from Nanjing,Nantong,Zhenjiang,Suqian and Yancheng cities,children behavior checklist and 3~6 years old Children Home Nurture Environment Scale were applied. Results The total detection rate of behavioral problems in preschool school was 7.81%,and there were significant differences on the detection rates of two behavioral factors ("somatic complaint" and "attack") between boys and girls.The detection rate of adverse home nurture environment was 13.11%,there was significant difference in the detection rates of families environmental factor,"environment atmosphere" between boys and girls.The difference in the behavioral problems detection rate of preschool children in different family nurture environment was statistically significant.Factors influencing the behavioral problems of preschool children were mainly "neglect of interference" and "environmental atmosphere". Conclusion Home nurture environment has significant influence on preschool children's behaviors.So it is important to build pleasant home nurture environment in order to promote healthy development of early behavior.
    Analysis of intelligence profile in boys with autism spectrum disorder
    LI Gai-zhi, DU Ya-song, ZHAO Li-cong
    2017, 25(12):  1218-1221.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2017-25-12-09
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    Objective To explore the intellectual profiles of boys with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Methods A total of 95 boys aged 4 to 16 years with ASD diagnosed in Shanghai Mental Health Center from June 2015 to June 2017 were enrolled in this study.All of the boys were questionnaired by the Chinese version of the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence -Ⅳ (WPPSI-Ⅳ) and Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Ⅳ (WISC-Ⅳ). Results The IQ of boys with ASD ranged from impaired to gifted.The perceptual reasoning index (PRI) was between 85~114 for forty percent of the boys,while Full Scale IQ (FSIQ) and other index scores were mainly lower than 70.For the subtests,Block design was higher than other subtests of PRI (F=4.454,P=0.013).Digit span scored higher than Letter-Number subtest in Working Memory Index (WMI)(t=2.285,P=0.026) for 7~16 years group.WMI scored higher than Processing Speed Index (PSI) in 4~6 years old group (t=3.453,P=0.002),and the PRI was higher than verbal comprehension index (VCI) for the boys aged 7~16 years old(t=2.542,P=0.013).General ability index (GAI) was higher than cognitive proficiency index (CPI) in the two groups (t=3.385,t=3.467,P<0.01). Conclusion The intelligence structures of children with ASD are imbalanced,indicating that CPI should be trained while language is trained.
    Study on the levels of interleukin 1 beta and interleukin-6 in brain tissue of mice infected with enterovirus type 71
    LV Tie-gang, WANG Xiao-mei, LI Qiu-bo, CHEN Zong-bo
    2017, 25(12):  1222-1224.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2017-25-12-10
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    Objective To detect the changes of interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) and interleukin 6(IL-6) level in the brain tissue of mice infected with enterovirus type (EV71),and to explore the possible pathogenesis of central lesion caused by EV71 infection. Methods Totally 120 one-day-old ICR mice were divided into infection group and control group.EV71 infected mice model was established by intraperitoneal injection.Fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR technique was used to detect the viral load of EV71 in the brain.Pathological changes on brain tissues were observed through hematoxylin-eosin staining.Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the content of IL-6 and IL-1β in brain homogenate. Results The level of IL-1β was significantly higher in infection group at 3,5 and 7 days compared with that in control group (P<0.01).The level of IL-6 was significantly higher in infection group at 3,5,7 and 10 day compared with that in control group(P<0.01).However,no significant difference was observed in the level of IL-1β and IL-6 in infection group at 1,7,10 and 14 days compared with those in control group (P>0.05). Conclusion The content of IL-1 and IL-6 in brain tissue of mice infected with EV71 was significantly increased,and the immune response mediated by IL-1β and IL-6 may be one of the possible mechanisms of CNS damage.
    Research progress on adolescent health indicator system
    XU Rong-bin, YANG Zhao-geng, WANG Xi-jie, MA Jun, SONG Yi
    2017, 25(12):  1225-1228.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2017-25-12-11
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    Health of adolescents,as the foundation of the health in the whole life,has attracted wide attention in international scope,and the meantime it also advances to national strategy level in China.A complete system of health indicators suitable for adolescents is required badly in China.It will be used to evaluate the current situation synthetically and monitor the trends of adolescent health in China.In addition,it will help to guide the implementation of relevant policies and promote the community to work together for adolescent health.On the basis of the existing health indicator system in China,learning from the mature indicator system including physical health and its production process in developed countries,taking more consideration of health factors,as well as highlighting the concept of generalized health,will be of great significance for the construction of health indicator system suitable for Chinese adolescents.
    Effect of family functioning on children 's symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
    LUAN Feng-huan, DU Ya-song
    2017, 25(12):  1229-1232.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2017-25-12-12
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    By analyzing family functioning of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) both at China and abroad,the effects of poor family function on the symptoms of children with ADHD are discussed from four aspects:family environment,family conflict,parenting style and family communication.This paper aims to provide the evidence and perspective in family therapy and intervention for children with ADHD.
    Research progress on gene mutation in X-linked dominate hypophosphatemia rickets
    LI Tian-tian, ZHANG Li-qin
    2017, 25(12):  1233-1235.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2017-25-12-13
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    Hypophosphatemic rickets is a hereditary rickets characterized by loss of renal phosphate,abnormalities of vitamin D metabolism and bone calcification.It can lead to bones dysplasia and teeth dysplasia.X-linked interdependent inheritance is the main genetic type.This paper reviews the PHEX gene mutation of X-linked hypophosphatemic anti-vitamin D rickets in order to provide the basis for gene research of rickets.
    Review on the influencing factors of infantile eczema
    ZHOU Qin, YE Kan, GU Gui-xiong
    2017, 25(12):  1236-1238.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2017-25-12-14
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    The incidence of allergic diseases is increasing,and it has become one of the most important diseases around the world.However,there is still no effective treatment.The main symptoms of children allergic diseases include eczema,allergic rhinitis,asthma,food allergies,urticaria,and allergic conjunctivitis,etc.Eczema is the most common symptom for infants under one year old.There are many causes of allergic diseases,such as genetic,food,external stimuli,but it is not fully understood yet.In this paper,the studies on related factors of eczema in recent years have been reviewed,in order to provide basis for clinical treatment or health care prevention.
    Research progress on cardiovascular disease markers in children with growth hormone deficiency
    WANG Pan-pan, LI Yan-ying, BAN Bo
    2017, 25(12):  1239-1242.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2017-25-12-15
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    Growth hormone deficiency (GHD) refers to the growth and developmental disorders caused by the lack of growth hormone (GH) released by the anterior lobe synthesis and secretion,or due to abnormal GH molecular structure.Treatment of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) in children with GHD not only promotes linear growth,but also affects related cardiovascular disease (CVD) markers such as lipid,inflammatory mediators,fats cytokines,oxidative stress substances,coagulation-fibrinolytic system and other biochemical indicators,body composition and epicardial adipose tissue thickness,carotid intima media thickness and other ultrasonic indicators,all of these factors are involved in atherosclerosis(AS) process and can lead to the occurrence of CVD.In recent years,studies on the changes of related CVD markers before and after rhGH treatment in children with GHD have also been of great concern in the long-term safety of rhGH.
    Prevalence of autism spectrum disorder in Chinese children from 2010 to 2016:a meta-analysis
    DAI Qiong, XU Hai-qing, WANG Hong, ZHAO Zhi-wei, ZHANG Xuan, ZHOU Ai-qin
    2017, 25(12):  1243-1246.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2017-25-12-16
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    Objective To estimate the prevalence of autism spectrum disorder in China. Methods Studies from CNKI,Wanfang data,VIP and PubMed databases on related prevalence of ASD in Chinese between 2000 and 2016 were searched.Data were collected to estimate the prevalence by STATA 12.0 software.Subgroups analysis were conducted by gender and residence that may affect the prevalence of autism spectrum disorder. Results A total of 21 studies were included in this study.The total number of participants investigated was 215 700,including 462 patients.The estimated pooled prevalence of ASD was 0.24%(95%CI:0.18~0.29).The prevalence of ASD in male [0.35%(95%CI:0.26~0.44)] was significantly higher than that in female [0.07%(95%CI:0.05~0.10)](χ2 =116.303,P<0.001).There was no significant difference between the prevalence of urban (0.17%,95%CI:0.08~0.26) and rural areas (0.09%,95%CI:0.05~0.12)(χ2=1.686,P=0.200 4). Conclusion Prevalence of ASD in Chinese children shows a general trend.It is suggested that high-quality survey should be conducted to provide basic information and strong evidence for ASD prevention,treatment and further research in other aspects.
    Childhood peer violence victimization and its association with health related risky behaviors in female adolescents
    MA Shuang, CHEN Jing-qi, YU Bu-yi, JIN Yi-chen, JIANG Ying-ying
    2017, 25(12):  1251-1254.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2017-25-12-18
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    Objective To investigate the prevalence of childhood peer violence victimization and its association with health related risky behaviors in female adolescents,and to provide evidence for prevention of peer violence. Methods A total of 757 female adolescents from a higher vocational school in Beijing were enrolled to finish a self-reported questionnaire. Results 28.0% of the respondents reported childhood peer violence victimization,including being humiliated in person (22.3%),being hit by classmates (11.9%),and being hit with objects (0.8%).Compared with the respondents without childhood peer violence victimization,those who reported childhood peer violence victimization were at significantly increased risk of health related risky behaviors, including feeling sad or hopeless,attempted suicide,drunkenness,unhealthy weight loss behaviors and depression syptoms. Conclusion Childhood peer violence victimization is related to developing health-related risky behaviors during adolescence.Prevention strategies regarding childhood peer violence may reduce health-harming behaviors in adolescents.
    Analysis of language development level in children with autism
    WANG Bi-jun, SU Xiao-na, LV Ling, ZHANG Rong
    2017, 25(12):  1255-1258.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2017-25-12-19
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    Objective To analyze the language development of autistic children aged around 4 years and the gap between autistic children and normal children at the same age. Methods 1) Vocabulary mastery scale was used to measure the mastery of vocabulary between 103 normal children and 100 autistic children.2) Autism Rating Scale (CARS),Autism Behavior Checklist (ABC) and Vocabulary Mastery Scale were used to measure the language ability of autistic children,and the correlation among the three methods was calculated. Results Significant differences on the mastery of vocabulary between autistic children and normal children were found (P<0.01),and the degree of vocabulary damage varied with each other.Vocabulary mastery was positively related to CARS and ABC. Conclusion 3.5 to 4.5-year-old autistic children's language ability is significantly lower than that of normal children,vocabulary mastery has a "broken all" mode.CARS,ABC,and Vocabulary Mastery Scales are reliable for measuring autistic children's language abilities.
    Analysis of relationship between children's eating problem and family dietary environment
    XIONG Zhen, ZHANG Chuan-jie, WANG Shi-qiong, CHEN Lei
    2017, 25(12):  1259-1262.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2017-25-12-20
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    Objective To analyze the relationship between children's eating problem and family dietary environment,and to provide evidence for further intervention. Method A questionnaire survey on dietary behavior intervention was conducted among 460 children aged 1~5 years,and the data were collected on children's social demographic,dietary behavior and feeding behavior. Results Both feeding anxiety and adverse feeding behavior of parents were positively associated with children's eating problem;Feeding anxiety,as well as adverse feeding behavior of parents were risk factors of eating problem;Feeling communication,in contract,was a protective factor.Multivariate logistic analysis showed that preterm infants,infants with low birth weight,mothers with low education and low income were risk factors for more eating behavior problems. Conclusions The shaping of children's good eating behavior is permanent and continuous.Individualized guidance of family dietary environment based on family unit will be the direction of further research on dietary behavior intervention.
    Analysis of developmental characteristics of normal children aged 0~2 in Taiyuan
    DING Jun-li, CHEN Zhi-guo
    2017, 25(12):  1263-1265.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2017-25-12-21
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    Objective To analyze the developmental characteristics of five functional areas of 0~2 years old normal children in Taiyuan and to provided empirical evidence for early intervention. Methods From January 2016 to January 2017,totally 976 normal children aged 0~2 years asking for developmental quotient test in the maternal and child health care hospital of Taiyuan city were enrolled in this study,and completed the pediatric development scale test.According to gender,study subjects were divided into two groups,and differences between groups were analyzed by Independent-Samples t test. Results The development of children's social behavior showed "U" curve.The development of language energy area showed a gradual downward trend.Girls' comprehensive development adaptability and fine action were all higher than boys(all P<0.05 or <0.01). Conclusion It is necessary to further promote balanced development of language performance,to strengthen the fine motor skills training in boys,to train their initiative in the activities and to develop the ability to live independently.
    Analysis of the long-term trend of growth of Kirgiz children and adolescents in Xinjiang from 1985 to 2014
    AIRETI·Maitireyumu, ALIMUJIANG·Yimiti·Taerken
    2017, 25(12):  1266-1269.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2017-25-12-22
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    Objective To understand the long-term changes of growth and development of Kirgiz children and adolescents aged 7 to 18 years in Xinjiang,and to provide a theoretical basis for improving the physical conditions of the minority children and adolescents in Xinjiang. Methods According to the Health Survey data of Xinjiang students in 1985,1995,2005 and 2014,7~18-year-old Kirgiz student's height,weight and chest developmental level and trend were analysed. Results Physical development of the Kirgiz children and adolescent from 1985 to 2014 showed an increasing trend.Male and female Kirgiz students' height,weight,chest average growth were 6.7 cm and 5.6 cm,5.6 kg and 4.9 kg,0.5 cm and 2.9 cm,the difference on change was statistically significant (P<0.05 or < 0.01). Conclusion The body shape of the Kirgiz students aged 7 to 18 years in Xinjiang continues to grow,but there is still a large gap with the national average level.Therefore,effective measures should be taken to further improve the body shape.
    Detection and clinical characteristics analysis of human bocavirus in children for acute respiratory infection in Wuhan
    WANG Rong, XIONG Shi-si, NI Wen-chang, BAO Xing-xing, BIAN Jun-mei
    2017, 25(12):  1270-1273.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2017-25-12-23
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    Objective To study the clinical and molecular epidemiologic characteristics of human bocavirus in children for acute respiratory infoction in Wuhan. Methods Nasopharyngeal aspiration samples and throat swabs were collected from 365 children admitted from December 2014 to December 2016.PCR WSS was used to screen HBoV,which amplified a 518 bp fragment of the partial gene.Furthermore,a standard reverse transcription-PCR was used to screen for other common respiratory viruses. Results The positive rate of respiratory syncytial virus was the highest (69 cases,18.90%),followed by adenovirus positive in 15 cases (4.11%),parainfluenza virus Ⅲ positive in 8 cases (2.20%),influenza A virus positive in 5 cases (1.37%),influenza B virus positive in 3 cases (0.82%),parainfluenza virus type Ⅱ positive in 2 cases (0.55%).2)In 365 samples,32 cases showed HBoV PCR amplification products,with single band and about 354 bp in size,which was consistent with the expected size of the amplified fragments.The positive rate of HBoV was 8.77% (32/365).HBoV1 type (28 cases,7.67%),HBoV2 type (0.82%) and HBoV3 type (0.27%) were identified by Blast analysis after 32 positive samples were sequenced.3) 32 cases of HBoV-positive children included 19 males and 13 females,with male to female ratio of 1.47∶1;The children were from 3 to 13 months old,with average age of 6.87 months. Conclusions HBoV infection,mainly HBoV1-based infection and mixed infection,is one of the major respiratory tract infection virus in children of Wuhan city.It is supposed to strengthen the prevention and care of infants and young children in order to carry out rational drug use and early treatment.
    Investigation of serum bisphenol-A and sex hormones in children with behavior problem from Nanchang
    LI Jiao-yang, LAI-Xiao, XIAO Xin-hua, QI Xiao-yan, ZHANG Ying, FAN Guang-qin
    2017, 25(12):  1274-1276.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2017-25-12-24
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    Objective To investigate the prevalence and characteristics of children's behavior problems,and to study the influencing factors about children's behavior problems. Methods A total of 176 children aged from 7 to 11 were chosen from four primary schools in Nanchang,and their parents were asked to fill in the questionnaire and Conners Parent Symptom Questionnaire (PSQ).The concentrations of BPA in serum samples were measured by using ELISA,and the sex hormones levels of luteinizing hormone (LH),follicle stimulating hormone (FSH),estradiol (E2),testosterone (T) were detected by chemiluminoimmunoassay. Results The proprotion of children's behavior problems was 19.3%,among which psychosomastic disorder was the highest (6.8%).The prevalence of learning problem and hyperactivity impulse index in boys were higher significantly than that of girls prominently.The detection rate on behavior problems of children aged 8 years was the highest.The levels of serum BPA positively affected children's anxiety (β=0.172).After adjustment for potential confounders,potential protective factors might be high level of mother's education and E2 or T [OR mother's education=0.631;OR(E2 and T)=0.804]. Conclusions The detection rate of behavior problems among children in Nanchang is high.Measures like improving mother's education,reducing BPA exposure,and controlling the level of sex hormones decrease need to be taken to prevent child behavior problems.
    A case report on neonatal allergic colitis with similar symptoms to NEC and literature review
    WEI Ming, LI Wen-bin, CHEN Pei-juan, CHANG Li-wen
    2017, 25(12):  1277-1280.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2017-25-12-25
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    Objective To analyze clinical manifestations of neonatal allergic colitis,in order to improve the diagnosis and treatment compared with neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Methods Clinical data of a case with neonatal allergic colitis mimicking NEC was retrospectively analyzed and relevant studies were reviewed. Results A 44-day-old infant developed abdominal distension,vomiting,bloody stool over and over again since totally artificial feeding at 4 days of age with abdominal radiological findings similar with NEC,and clinical symptoms relieved after fasting.Further foodborne allergens test showed cow's milk protein allergy.All symptoms disappeared after anti-infection and amino acid-based formula (AAF) feeding. Conclusions Neonatal allergic colitis may show similar symptoms with NEC,so clinical staff should pay attention to indentify different diagnosis.
    Diagnostic value of serum cystatin C for kidney injury induced by neonatal asphyxia
    GUO Fang, ZHANG Qiang, AN Yuan, GAO Xu, KANG Peng-jiang, LI Jv-hua
    2017, 25(12):  1281-1283.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2017-25-12-26
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    Objective To investigate the value of serum cystatin C (Cys C) in the renal function evaluation of neonatal asphyxia,and to provide evidence for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Methods A total of 79 newborns with neonatal asphyxia were collected in a Grade Ⅲ Level A hospital in Shaanxi,including 37 males and 42 females.According to the Apgar score of neonatal asphyxia,55 cases were divided into mild asphyxia group and 24 cases as severe asphyxia group.Another 50 healthy newborns (27 male and 23 female) were selected as control group.The serum levels of Cys C,creatinine (Cr),and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were compared among three groups. Results The level of serum Cys C in mild asphyxia group was significantly higher than that in control group (P<0.01),but there was no significant difference on the levels of BUN and Cr between mild asphyxia group and control group (both P>0.05);Compared with the mild asphyxia group,the levels of BUN,Cr and Cys C in severe asphyxia group were significantly higher and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05).The abnormal rates of BUN,Cr and Cys C in mild asphyxia group were 29.0%,25.5% and 21.8% respectively,among which there was no statistical difference.However,the abnormal rate of Cys C (87.5%) was significantly higher than that of BUN and Cr (41.7% and 33.3%,respectively) in severe asphyxia group (χ2=6.97,P<0.01).Serum Cys C was positively correlated with the level of BUN and Cr (r=0.84,0.88,both P<0.05). Conclusions Serum Cys C could be used as a sensitive index for evaluation of kidney damage after neonatal asphyxia,and its diagnostic value for early renal damage would be higher than that of serum BUN or Cr.The results might be of great significance in monitoring renal function for asphyxia newborns,evaluating the disease progress and analyzing the prognosis in clinical practice.
    Efficacy of caffeine citrate for apnea prevention and treatment in very low birth weight infants at different starting time
    ZHAO Zi-Chong, JIANG Qi, LIN Mei-Fang, CHEN Ye, WEN Ge-Sheng
    2017, 25(12):  1284-1287.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2017-25-12-27
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    Objective To compare the clinical efficacy and adverse effects of caffeine citrate in apnea prevention and treatment of very low birth weight (VLBW) infants at different starting time. Methods Totally 126 VLBW infants born at Huzhou Maternity and Child Health Care hospital from May,2014 to February,2017 were analyzed.65 VLBW infants first given caffeine citrate within two hours after the birth were early treatment group[The first dose were given at (1.2±0.4) hours after the birth] and 61 VLBW infants who were given caffeine citrate after appearing apnea were conventional treatment group[The first dose were given at (30.8±20.5) hours after the birth].The first dose of 20 mg/kg was given by intravenous infusion,a dose of 5 mg/kg after 24 hours,and once every 24 hours.The clinical efficacy and adverse effects of two groups were compared. Results 1)The incidence of AOP after 24 hours treatment,intervention duration of caffeine citrate,duration of oxygen therapy,duration of noninvasive ventilation,duration of tracheal intubation mechanical ventilation and time to reaching full milk feeding in early treatment group were better than those in conventional treatment group,and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05).The differences of noninvasive ventilation rate and tracheal intubation mechanical ventilation rate in two groups were not statistically significant (P>0.05).2)The incidence rates of ventricular hemorrhage,retinopathy of prematurity,bronchial and pulmonary dysplasia in early treatment group were lower than those in the conventional treatment group,and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05);The incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis and mortality were not significantly different in two groups (P>0.05).3)The incidence of electrolyte disorder in early treatment group was higher than conventional treatment group,the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).There was no significant difference on the incidence of other adverse reactions in two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion The efficacy and prognosis of early use of caffeine citrate maybe better than that regular given after apnea for apnea prevention and treatment in VLBW infants,and the adverse effects do not increase obviously.
    Effect and clinical significance of GnGHa therapy on serum levels of P1NP, β-CTX and N-MID in idiopathic central precocious puberty girls
    WANG Yan-hua, ZHAO Xin
    2017, 25(12):  1288-1289.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2017-25-12-28
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    Objective To investigate the effect of gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue (GnRHa) on serum levels of P1NP,β-CTX,N-MID level in idiopathic central precocious puberty (ICPP) girls. Methods Totally 102 cases of ICPP girls in the Affiliated Hospital of the Armed Police Logistics college hospital were selected as the subjects,and were treated with GnRHa.The growth condition,hormone level and bone metabolism before and after treatment were compared. Results BMI and the level of PAH after treatment were significantly higher than those before treatment,and the volume of uterus and ovarian decreased significantly (P<0.05);The level of P-LH,P-FSH,E2 after treatment were significantly reduced than those before treatment (P<0.05);There was no significant difference on the β-CTX level between before and after treatment (P>0.05),and the level of P1NP,N-MID were significantly reduced than those before treatment (P<0.05). Conclusion GnRHa is an effective therapy on the treatment of ICPP girls,and can significantly improve the body hormone level,inhibit osteoblast function,and improve bone metabolism.
    Survey on demand and utilization of health services and its influencing factors among migrant children in Guangzhou
    CHEN Ning-jing, LIU Ke, BU Xiu-qing, WANG Yun, YOU Li-ming
    2017, 25(12):  1290-1293.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2017-25-12-29
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    Objectives To describe demand and utilization of health services,and to analyze its influencing factors among migrant children in Guangzhou. Methods A total of 585 schoolchildren of grade five and six from four private schools were investigated by screening questionnaire. Results 1)Two-week attendance rate of migrant children was only 54.8%.The influencing factors were gender and parents' religious belief.2)In the past year,hospitalization rate of migrant children was 4.8% mainly because of wound and cold.3)Migrant children's regular physical examination rate was 75.4%.Migrant children's health record establishment rate was only 17.3%.The influencing factor was the status of parents being in Guangzhou.4)In the past year,10.5% of migrant children have returned home for medical treatment.The reason for returning home for medical treatment were that parents dropped in on their relatives (41.2%)and medical costs in living cities were too high (23.5%). Conclusions Migrant children have a lower two-week attendance rate,hospitalization rate and preventive health service utilization.
    Analysis on the situation and the related factors of the toddlers' emotional competence in a district of Hangzhou
    ZHANG Bao-dan, XU Wei-juan, ZHOU Chi, DU Yu-li, CHEN Min-yan, MAO Ya-li, XU Liang-wen
    2017, 25(12):  1294-1297.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2017-25-12-30
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    Objective To investigate the situation of the toddlers' emotional competence in a district of Hangzhou and to analyse the related factors. Methods This was a cross-sectional study,and three community health service centers were randomly selected in 2016.A total of 381 toddlers aged 12~36 months in the observation room of vaccination and outpatient department of the children health care were enrolled by random sampling method.The toddler's mothers were the reporters to finish questionnaires.Toddler's emotional competence was screened by the externalizing domain and internalizing domain of Infant and Toddler Social-emotional Assessment (ITSEA).Univariate analysis and multiple linear regression were used to analyze the related factors influencing toddlers' emotional competence. Results 37 toddlers (9.7%) were positive in externalizing domain and 44 toddlers (11.5%) were positive in internalizing domain.Multiple linear regression indicated that related factor of externalizing domain was mothers' education degree (β=0.836,P=0.001);The related factor of internalizing domain was toddlers' gender(β=1.980,P=0.003). Conclusions The toddlers in a district of Hangzhou is still weak in emotional competence.And mothers' education level,toddlers' gender are the main related factors influenceing toddlers' emotional competence.Therefore,parents need to learn more knowledge on how to train the toddlers' emotional competence.Meanwhile,they are suggested to attach great importance to the cultivation of toddlers' emotional competence,especially to female children.
    Analysis on risk factors of bronchial asthma in children aged 0~6 years in Yichang area
    LI Wen , WANG Min
    2017, 25(12):  1298-1300.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2017-25-12-31
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    Objective To analyze the risk factors of bronchial asthma in children aged 0~6 years,and to put forward the strategies for prevention of acute asthma exacerbation for clinic and family. Methods A total of 110 asthma outpatients aged 0~6 years (observation group) and 110 children aged 0~6 years without history of wheezing (control group) were analyzed. Results The single factor analysis showed that gender,food allergies,inhalation allergy,respiratory tract infection,family history of allergy,eczema,allergic rhinitis history,passive smoking were related risk factors of asthma in children aged 0~6 years(P<0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that food allergies,respiratory tract infection,family history of allergy,eczema allergic rhinitis history,passive smoking were major risk factors for bronchial asthma in children aged 0~6 years(P<0.05). Conclusion Food allergies,respiratory tract infection,family history of allergy,eczema,allergic rhinitis history,passive smoking are risk factors for bronchial asthma in children aged 0~6 years.Pediatric patients' family and clinical staff should attach importance to these risk factors and take appropriate effective measures,which has important practical significance for the clinical prevention of acute attack of asthma.
    Simethicone combined with live combined bifidobacterium,lactobacillus and enterococcus powder in the treatment of feeding intolerance in preterm infants:analysis of 30 cases
    LU Lu
    2017, 25(12):  1301-1302.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2017-25-12-32
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    Objective To analyze and discusse the effect of Espumisan combined with live combined bifidobacterium,lactobacillus and enterococcus power in preterm neonate feeding intolerance. Methods A total of 60 cases of preterm neanates in Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital from 2015 January to 2016 March were colledcted and divided into the treatment group and the control group randomly,with 30 cases in each group.Two groups were both given routine care and treatment,the treatment group were given Espumisan 0.2 ml/time,3 times a day and live combined bifidobacterium,lactobacillus and Enterococcus power 0.5 g/times,2 times a day,5~7 days was a course of treatment. Result The rate of the feeding intolerance in treatment group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Espumisan combined live combined bifidobacterium,lactobacillus and enterococcus power in preterm neonates can significantly reduce feeding intolerance in preterm neonates.
    Influence of health education on exclusive breastfeeding in hospital among cesarean section maternal
    XIE Liang-liang, ZHANG Yue, WANG Hui-shan, CAO Hui, YAO Li-ming
    2017, 25(12):  1303-1306.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2017-25-12-33
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    Objective To explore the effect of health education and breastfeeding knowledge on in-hospital exclusive breastfeeding among cesarean section maternal,in order to better improve the success rate of breastfeeding after cesarean section. Methods A total of 824 cesarean section maternals were collected.Self-administered questionnaires were used to collect information,including socio-demographic variables,in-hospital exclusive breastfeeding,health education on breastfeeding during pregnant and puerperal period as well as breastfeeding knowledge of cesarean section maternal. Results The prevalence rate of in-hospital exclusive breastfeeding among cesarean section maternal was 64.7%.There were 80.3% and 93.8% respondents accepting health education before hospitalization and health education in hospital.But only 32.9% of the respondents had good breastfeeding knowledge.After adjustment for socio-demographic information,the odds of in-hospital exclusive breastfeeding was high among cesarean section maternal who received pre-hospital health education ≥4 times (OR=2.27,95%CI:1.50~3.42) and in-hospital breastfeeding education ≥4 times (OR=3.75,95%CI:2.02~6.97).And having good breastfeeding knowledge (OR=3.39,95%CI:2.17~5.28) were positively associated with in-hospital exclusive breastfeeding among cesarean section maternal. Conclusion Providing a comprehensive system of in-hospital breastfeeding propaganda and education and strengthening the breastfeeding knowledge are important strategies for promoting exclusive breastfeeding among cesarean section maternal.
    Effects of knowledge-attitude-practice health education mode on compliance with early intervention programs in premature infants
    ZHANG Hai-lin, HUANG Jing, ZHANG Fei
    2017, 25(12):  1307-1310.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2017-25-12-34
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    Objective To analyze the effect of knowledge-attitude-practice(KAP )health education mode on compliance with early intervention programs in premature infants. Methods A total of 135 premature infants were selected in Ezhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital from January 2014 to December 2015,and were divided into two groups (Ⅰ group,with 63 cases;Ⅱ group,with 72 cases).Traditional mode and KAP mode were used for health education of parents of group Ⅰ and group Ⅱ infants,respectively.When two group infants were at the corrected age of 6 month,the compliance with early intervention programs of premature infants and the scores of their parents health knowledge were calculated. Results There was no significance difference in health knowledge scores between Ⅰ and Ⅱ group infants' parents (48.91±8.41 for group Ⅰ and 51.34±8.07 for group Ⅱ;t=1.71,P>0.05).However,the ratio was remarkably higher in compliance with early intervention programs of premature infants at group Ⅱ (73.61%) than that at group Ⅰ (42.86%)(χ2=16.65,P<0.005). Conclusions KAP health education mode for the parents is more beneficial to improve the compliance with early intervention programs of premature infants.