Table of Content

10 September 2019, Volume 27 Issue 9

Previous Issue    Next Issue

Early socialization of children′s emotions

SU Lin-yan

2019, 27(9):  929-931.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2019-0177

Asbtract ( )   PDF (619KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Children participate in social interpersonal communication from birth and evolve from the living creature into a social person. The key step in this process is the socialization of emotions. Baby gains a sense of security from mother-infant attachment. As they grows older, the children begin to socialize with their peers with the support of mother. They learns to recognize the expressions and emotions of others, and can adjust their emotions to meet the needs of society and realize socialization eventually. Family structure and type, family environment, parental education, and parents′ expectation all play crucial roles in children′s growth and socialization. Factors including poor family environment, improper parenting style, early parent-child separation, and mother′s emotional problems negatively impact children′s socialization, which should raise the caution of the whole society and need to be considered in the intervention early.

Early childhood attachment and later social development

DING Yan-hua

2019, 27(9):  932-935.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2019-0829

Asbtract ( )   PDF (689KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Child-parent attachment is the most important social relationship in early childhood and maternal sensitivity can strongly predict the security of the mother-infant attachment.Different attachment types are related to different internal working models,which may consistently and strongly affect a child′s personality and social development.

Association between negative emotions and insomnia symptoms in middle school students in Shanghai

LIU Sa, JIANG Yan-rui, LIN Qing-min, MENG Min, ZHANG Yun-ting, SHAN Wen-jie, ZHAO Jin, ZHU Qi, WANG Guang-hai, JIANG Fan

2019, 27(9):  936-940.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2019-0162

Asbtract ( )   PDF (719KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To investigate the association between negative emotions and insomnia symptoms in middle school students in Shanghai,so as to provide reference for further mental health education and sleep intervention. Methods Multi-stage stratified random cluster sampling method was used to select adolescents from 24 middle schools from November 2017 to January 2018. Students filled out 21-item Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale(DASS-21) and Insomnia Severity Index(ISI),their parents completed social-demographic questionnaire. Results Finally 1 986 cases were available for the analysis,the average age was(14.71±2.01) years old,and 1 019(51.3%) were male. The prevalence rates of stress,anxiety and depression emotions were 23.9%,51.0% and 29.0%,respectively. And the prevalence of insomnia symptoms was 37.0%.After adjusting for demographics,the risk ratios of insomnia symptoms in middle school students with stress,anxiety and depression were higher than those without negative emotions(stress:OR=2.17,95%CI:1.60—2.95;anxiety:OR=2.97,95%CI:2.27—3.88;depression:OR=2.59,95%CI:1.94—3.47),and were higher in junior middle school students. Conclusions Negative emotions are associated with increased risk of insomnia symptoms in middle school students from Shanghai,especially for junior middle school students. Therefore,comprehensive assessments and interventions are required.

Influencing factors of psychological and behavioral development of left-behind children under 3 years old in poor rural in China

LIU Yi-hua, ZHAO Chun-xia, GAO Ya-jing, HAN Li-zhen, HUANG Xiao-na

2019, 27(9):  941-944.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2018-1789

Asbtract ( )   PDF (736KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To analyze the influencing factors of abnormal development of psychology and behavior in left-behind children under 3 years old in rural areas,in order to provide basis for promoting early childhood development. Methods Data were from the under-three-year-old children′s quantitative survey data of Rural Left-behind Children Health Education Project in Poor Areas. The project included 3 249 samples of left-behind children aged 0 to 3 years in 27 poverty counties of 12 provinces in China. Children′s psychological and behavioral problems were detected by the Early Warning Sign Screening Checklist,and the influencing factors were obtained through self-designed questionnaires based on the survey questionnaires of UNICEF Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 5. Results The overall detection rate of suspected psychological behavioral problems was 9.48%,and it was significantly higher in boys(10.94%) and children aged 0 to 18 months(12.20%) than in girls(7.75%) and children aged 19 to 36 months(8.1%). Left-behind children′s caregivers were over-aged and generally low-educated,and the separation of parents and children was still very serious. Logistic regression analysis showed that good parent-child interaction(OR=0.604,95%CI:0.417-0.876,P=0.008),living with siblings(OR=0.664,95%CI:0.473-0.932,P=0.018),higher family economic level(OR=0.609,95%CI:0.414-0.897,P=0.012) and daily interaction time＞30 minutes(OR=0.467,95%CI:0.230-0.948,P=0.035) were protective factors for children′s psychological behavior development. Never breastfeeding(OR=2.071,95%CI:1.334-3.216,P=0.001),exclusive breastfeeding for more than 8 months(OR=1.793,95%CI:1.089-2.952,P=0.022),and poor care practices(OR=1.833,95%CI:1.047-3.211,P=0.034) were risk factors for children′s psychological behavior development. Conclusions Parenting environment is poor for left-behind children aged 0 to 3 years in rural areas,and there are many factors affecting the development of psychological behaviors. More targeted services and support are required to ensure the optimal development of left-behind children under 3 years old.

Investigation on the current status and family related risk factors for mental health of middle school students in Shanghai

LIU Wen-jing, YOU Mei-na, ZHANG Fang, CHENG Wen-hong, XIAO Ze-ping

2019, 27(9):  945-948.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2019-0032

Asbtract ( )   PDF (547KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To explore the mental health of middle school students in Shanghai and family-related factors,so as to provide guidance for mental health interventions. Methods A stratified cluster random sampling method was used to survey 4 536 students from 125 classes in 34 middle schools from 7 districts in Shanghai in December 2011. Strength and Difficulty Questionnaire(SDQ)-student edition and self-designed children and adolescents family environment questionnaire were adopted to collect data on mental health of middle school students. Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the relationship between family factors and mental health status. Results A total of 4 536 questionnaires were issued,of which 3 615 were valid questionnaires,with an effective rate of 79.7%. The overall rate of abnormal psychological problems of middle school students was 9.1%,and the bordline rate was 11.0%. The total SDQ scores of students who often had mother-child conflicts and father-child conflicts were significantly higher than those of children with harmonious and general parent-child relationship(P<0.05). Logistic analysis showed that father-mother relationship(OR=1.351,95%CI:1.015-1.799,P=0.039),frequent mother-child conflict(OR=1.584,95%CI:1.133—2.216,P=0.007)and father-child conflict(OR=1.461, 95%CI:1.030—2.073,P=0.034) in family factors were important factors affecting the mental health of middle school students. Conclusions The prevalence of mental health problems among middle school students in Shanghai is consistent with the international level. Frequent parent-child conflict and mother-child conflict are the important factors affecting middle school students′ mental health,suggesting that improving parent-child conflict is crucial for maintaining students′ mental health.

Identifying children with autism spectrum disorders by eye-movement patterns of visual search task

WU Xue-yuan, PENG Xiao-ling, HUANG Dan

2019, 27(9):  949-952.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2019-0287

Asbtract ( )   PDF (1254KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To describe the eye movement pattern during visual search process,so as to explore whether visual search patterns could be potentially useful to identify children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Methods Totally 15 ASD children and 17 typically developing (TD) children matched with intelligence quotient (IQ),gender and chronological age were enrolled in this study from March to July 2017,and their eye-movement data when performing visual search task were recorded.The machine learning method was used to establish a model discriminating ASD from TD,including the fixations,fixation duration and fixation path during the visual search task.The performance of the classification model was assessed by the accuracy,sensitivity and specificity of classifying ASD. Results 1)ASD children showed shorter reaction time in visual search task compared to TD in the condition of target-off(F=3.76,P<0.05).2) By using eye movement patterns,ASD children could be discriminated from TD children accurately,with the classification accuracy of 78.13%,specificity of 70.59% and sensitivity of 86.67%.3) The score of the discriminative features was negatively related to scores of the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (r=-0.497,P=0.030). Conclusion The visual search pattern detected by eye movement could be potentially useful to identify children with ASD.

Study on the current status and influencing factors for family functioning of only-child families in Shanghai

ZHOU Ying-qun, LUAN Feng-huan, YAO De-sheng, DU Ya-song

2019, 27(9):  953-957.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2018-1701

Asbtract ( )   PDF (561KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objectives To investigate family functioning of only-child families in Shanghai,and to analyze the socio-demographic factors influencing family functioning. Methods Totally 1 189 only-child families were selected from 11 primary schools in 4 districts of Shanghai from April 2016 to January 2017,and family functioning was assessed by the Family Assessment Device-General Functioning Scale(FAD-GF).Chi-square test,t-test,variance analysis,Spearman correlation analysis and Logistic regression were used to analyze the influencing factors of family functioning. Results Among 1 189 only-child families,the average score of GF was 1.64 and 317 families(26.7%) were rated as "unhealthy" by GF.There were statistical differences on the GF scores and the proportion of families with "unhealthy" family functioning among families with different family incomes,parental education attainment and parental age at first birth(P＜0.05).The influences of the maternal education attainment and maternal age at first birth on family functioning were statistically significant(P＜0.05).The higher educational level of mothers was the protective factor of "healthy" family functioning(OR=0.477,95% CI:0.318-0.718),and the elder primipara(>35 years old) was the risk factor of "unhealthy" family functioning(OR=2.812,95%CI:1.480-5.344). Conclusion Maternal education attainment and maternal age at first birth are the influencing factors for family functioning of only-child family in Shanghai,suggesting that the advocation of mothers giving birth at the appropriate age and improving women′s educational level can facilitate the improvement of family functioning.

Mediating effects of sleep quality in the relationship between adverse childhood experiences and depressive    symptoms among junior middle school students and theroles of gender status

ZHANG Bao, XU Hui-qiong, WANG Shan-shan, SONG Xian-bing, WAN Yu-hui

2019, 27(9):  958-961.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2019-0754

Asbtract ( )   PDF (600KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To investigate the mediating role of sleep quality on the association between specific forms of adverse childhood experiences(ACEs) and depressive symptoms as well as the difference by gender of the mediated pathways among junior middle school students,in order to provide basis for mental health promotion. Methods A total of 1 086 participants were selected from a boarding school in Shenyang using a stratified cluster sampling method from December 2017 to January 2018.Independent sample t-test and χ² test were used to analyze the difference of demographic characteristics between boys and girls.Pearson correlation was used to analyze the association among ACEs,sleep quality score and depression symptoms score.Bootstrap program and PROCESS software were applied to test the mediating effect of sleep quality in the relationship between ACEs and depression symptoms. Results ACEs were positively correlated with sleep quality and depression symptom scores (r=0.194,0.378,P<0.01).The sleep quality score was also positively related to depression symptom score (r=0.361,P<0.01).In adjusted model,the mediating effects of sleep quality among ACEs,abuse,neglect and mediation effects were 14.58%,21.66% and 11.60%,respectively.Sleep quality played a complete mediating role in the association between family dysfunction and depression symptoms,with a mediating effect of 59.79%.The mediating effect of sleep quality was greater in girls than that in boys. Conclusions Sleep quality has a mediating effect on the relationship between ACEs and depression symptoms.Enhancing sleep quality in middle school students,especially girls,may contribute to the prevention and control of depressive symptoms for those who have experienced ACEs.

Study on effect of family circumstance and upbringing styles on academic performance of pupil

LEI Xiao-mei, NING Ning, LIU Li, CHEN Li

2019, 27(9):  962-966.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2019-0968

Asbtract ( )   PDF (669KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To Study on effect of family circumstance and upbringing styles on academic performance of pupil,in order to stimulate Comprehensive child development. Methods By random sampling,841 students of grade 4-6 in two poor counties of the central Shaanxi plain were collected in May 2016.The basic information and test scores of all subjects were investigated by homemade general questionnaire.The upbringing styles was evaluated by Family Upbring Style Questionaire(FUSQ).The correlation was analysed between upbringing styles and FUSQ. Results There were differences in Family style,parents′culture level,parents′ occupation,parental relations and Principal dependant between highe-score group and low-score group(χ²=37.82,31.84,23.71,12.14,13.99,P<0.05 or <0.001).The score differences were existed in award-penalty,democracy-dictatorship,understanding-blame,respect-shame,tolerant-acolasia between highe-score group and low-score group(U=1.699,3.352,3.424,2.821,3.036,P<0.05 or <0.001),and the higher scores in highe-score group than in low-score group,and maintain negative upbringing styles in students of low-score group.The academic performances of highe-score students were positively related to understanding-blame,respect-shame,award-penalty and tolerant-acolasia(r=0.645,0.345,0.404,0.357,P<0.05).The academic performances of low-score students were negatively related to respect-shame,understanding-blame,democracy-dictatorship and tolerant-acolasia(r=-0.112,-0.184,-0.131,-0.169,P<0.05). Conclusions Family circumstance and upbringing styles effect on academic performance of pupil.Good environment for growth and positive upbringing styles should be created in order to improve non-intellectual ability and academic performance of pupil.

Analysis of the relationship between family environment and mental health of middle school students based on Kessler 10 Scale

CHEN Yun, WANG Dan, HOU Ya-nan, REN Meng-fei, LI Hai-yan, ZHENG Wen-gui

2019, 27(9):  967-970.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2019-0436

Asbtract ( )   PDF (563KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To learn about the mental health status of middle school students,and to explore the relationship between family environment and mental health of middle school students,so as to provide basis for mental health education of middle school students. Methods A self-designed questionnaire and Kessler 10 (K10) Scale were used to conduct the survey from March to May 2018.The data were analyzed by t/F test and binary Logistic regression. Results Totally 3 250 students from 12 middle schools were surveyed,and the detection rate of mental health problems was 21.89%,without significant difference between boys and girls(χ²=1.365,P=0.714).Single factor and multifactor analysis indicated that the tenth grade,the eleventh grade and the twelfth grade (OR=2.301,1.435,2.046),rural area (OR=1.318),father's occupation was business or service industry(OR=1.900)poor family income (OR=1.318),never communicating with mothers (OR=3.653) and fathers (OR=2.230) were risk factors for mental health problems of students(P＜0.05). Conclusions The mental health status of middle school students is affected by the family objective environmental factors.In addition to paying attention to the mental health of middle school students,it is supposed to give corresponding advice according to the different family characteristics.

Interactive influence of genetic and environmental factors on infant temperament

GU Fei, YANG Kai-di, LEI Xue-mei

2019, 27(9):  971-974.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2018-1728

Asbtract ( )   PDF (500KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Temperament is a construct comprising tonic individual differences in dispositional physiological and behavioral reactions,such as attentional,motor and emotional reactivity,as well as an evolving ability to regulate to environmental conditions.Infant temperament could predict some psychological and behavioral problems during childhood and adulthood.Some specific genes and a variety of environmental factors,such as prenatal environment and family environment,have been found to play important roles in infant temperament.The interactions of genetic and environmental factors modulate the developmental trajectory from infant temperament to stable psychological traits,which implicates that infant temperament has both stability and plasticity during development.However,the underlying physiological and psychological mechanisms of this gene-environment interaction remain unclear,where further researches should pay more attention.

Review on the experimental methods of language cognition study in children with purulent meningitis

BAI Li-yi, WANG Ying, LUO Yan-lin

2019, 27(9):  975-978.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2018-1204

Asbtract ( )   PDF (538KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Purulent meningitis (PM) refers to meningitis disease caused by pyogenic bacterial infections, and its overall morbidity remains high in children. Neurologic sequelae and cognitive deficiencies like language disorders are very common in children who survived from PM. Literatures on language cognition in children with PM in the last decade have been collected. The applications of research methods or experimental paradigms (e.g. mental health assessment scales, neuropsychological experiments) in language development and intelligence quotient (IQ) of PM children are discussed in this review. Furthermore, merits of language research methods in morpheme and phoneme discrimination as well as language comprehension are analyzed. This article aims to provide reference for the language study and rehabilitation of children with purulent meningitis in China.

Research advances on the role of vitamin D in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder children

LI Man-man, YANG Shu-fen

2019, 27(9):  979-981.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2018-1792

Asbtract ( )   PDF (445KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

As a neurosteroid,vitamin D plays an important role in brain proliferation,differentiation,neurotrophic,neurotransmitters and neuroplasticity.Recently,studies have shown that the level of vitamin D in ADHD children is lower than that in healthy children,which may be related to the pathogenesis of ADHD.So this article reviews the mechanism of action of vitamin D in the development of ADHD in children.

Review on the correlation between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and allergic diseases in children

FANG Yuan, WANG Yu

2019, 27(9):  982-985.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2018-0783

Asbtract ( )   PDF (543KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurobehavioral disorder in children and adolescents,and the core symptoms include attention disorders,hyperactivity and impulsive behavior. However,its etiology and pathogenesis have not yet been elucidated. As a common chronic disease in childhood,the incidence of allergic diseases is rising. In the transition process of the symptoms of allergic disease,its symptoms are not limited to the allergic disease itself,and may also merge some behavior and neuropsychological problem. Although many studies have confirmed that allergic disease can increase the risk of ADHD,the correlation between the two is still controversial. This review aims to discuss epidemiological and pathophysiological links in domestic and foreign literature in recent years,in order to increase people′s understanding of the relationship between the ADHD and allergic disease.

Research advances on intestinal microbes and childhood autism spectrum disorders

BAI Mao-fei, WANG Xia

2019, 27(9):  986-989.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2019-0134

Asbtract ( )   PDF (508KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Autism spectrum disorders(ASD)is a serious neurodevelopmental disorder,and its core symptoms include the lack of social function,social communication barriers,limitations of interest and stereotyped behavior,caused by the interaction of genetic and environmental factors. Intestinal microorganisms are a large number of microorganisms present in the intestine,which not only affect the ability to digest and absorb,but also affect the brain development and function through the gut-brain axis. Specific probiotics can regulate the balance of human micro-ecology,maintain normal metabolic absorption and immune defense functions. Intestinal microbial disorders in critical stages of infant development may increase the risk of ASD,and affect the development of ASD in children through neuroendocrine,immune,and metabolite pathways. Therefore,probiotics treatment is promising to be a new adjuvant treatment for ASD.

Association study between anxiety and family environment as well as psychological resilience among adolescents

CONG En-zhao, WU Yan, XU Yi-feng

2019, 27(9):  990-993.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2019-0059

Asbtract ( )   PDF (639KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objectives To explore the association between the family environment and anxiety among adolescents. Methods A multi-stage stratified sampling procedure was used to select 3 230 students from a middle school in Xinxiang city,Henan Province in China from 2014 to 2016. Participants completed self-designed general characteristics questionnaire,Screen for Anxiety Related Disorder(SCARED),Chinese Version of Family Environment Scale(FES-CV),and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale(CD-RISC) adapted for the Chinese adolescents population. Multiple Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the independent effects of family environment and function on anxiety mood of adolescents. Results 1) Totally 2 906 valid questionnaires were collected,and 1 071(36.9%) students had anxious mood. 2) Whether mother work outside in another city or not was significantly related to anxiety of the adolescents(χ²=5.066,P=0.026). 3) The cohesion(OR=0.906,95%CI:0.856-0.959) and entertainment(OR=0.935,95%CI:0.896-0.975) in the family environment factors were protective factors of anxiety mood in adolescents,while the confliction(OR=1.128,95%CI:1.078-1.181) and control factor(OR=1.064,95%CI:1.016-1.115) in the family environment were risk factors of anxiety mood in adolescents. 4) Resilience(OR=0.939,95%CI:0.914-0.964),adaptive ability of changing(OR=0.856,95%CI:0.817-0.896) in psychological resilience were protective facters of anxiety mood in adolescents. And tolerating negative emotions was the risk factor of adolescent anxiety(OR=1.047,95%CI:1.010-1.085). Conclusions Higher family cohesion and household entertainment might be protective factors for adolescent anxiety. Longer exposure to negative emotions increases the risk of anxiety. On the contrary,improving resilience and adaptive ability of changing could decrease the risk of anxiety of adolescents.

Research on adaptive behavior in children with low-functioning autism spectrum disorder

ZHANG Ying, TANG Xin-rui, LU Ping, ZHU Ye, LI Hui-ping, XU Xiu, XU Qiong

2019, 27(9):  994-996.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2019-0330

Asbtract ( )   PDF (398KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To analyze the adaptive behavior characteristics of children with low-functioning autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in different age groups,so as to provide guidance for the education of ASD children. Methods A total of 71 children with low-functioning ASD from Shanghai Minhang special school were enrolled in this study,and were divided into 4-≤8 years old and >8-12 years old groups.Adaptive behaviors of the children were assessed via the Chinese version of Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales(VABS) in ASD.Standard scores of four domains of VABS were obtained,including communication,daily living skills,socialization and motor skills.And the difference on the scores of the four domains was compared between the two groups. Results The 4-≤8 years old group had the highest standard score in motor skills(75.40±11.43),followed by communication (60.20±11.58).The standard scores with the poorest results were in daily life skills (57.60±4.96) and socialization (56.70±6.25).However,the standard scores of motor skills,communication,daily life skills and socialization in >8-12 years old group were 70.70±13.21,55.10±8.62,53.40±7.27 and 53.10±4.40,respectively.T test results indicated that the differences on communication,daily life skills and socialization,except for motor skills,were significant(t=2.13,2.91,2.66,P＜0.05). Conclusions Socialization and daily life skills are the two worst domains in low-functioning ASD children,followed by communication.Moreover,deficits in socialization,daily life skills and communication become more evident with increasing age.While motor skill is a relative strength in low-functioning ASD children.

Associations between screen time and attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder symptoms among urban and rural preschoolers

XU Yi, YAN Qiong, TONG Lian

2019, 27(9):  997-1001.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2019-0001

Asbtract ( )   PDF (579KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To learn about the prevalence of attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) symptoms in urban and rural preschoolers,and to study the associations between screen time and in preschoolers. Methods Convenient cluster sampling method was adopted to select 1 154 children aged 4 to 7 years and their parents from 5 kindergartens in rural area and 2 kindergartens in urban area in June 2016. Parents were requested to fill out the questionnaire. ADHD symptoms were assessed by ADHD Rating Scale Ⅳ-Preschool Version. Univariate and multivariate regression analysis were used to analyze the data. Results The overall prevalence of ADHD symptoms in preschoolers was 7.2%. The prevalence of ADHD symptoms in rural areas was 8.3%,and 6.8% in urban areas. Totally 27.1% of preschool children were exposed to screen for more than 2 hours per day,and it was 39.4% in rural areas and 22.2% in urban areas. Multifactor analysis showed that long screen time before sleep was associated with higher level of ADHD symptoms(β=1.05,P<0.01),while longer tome for companion by parents predicted lower level of ADHD symptoms(β=-0.16,P＜0.01). In addition,children′s gender(β=-1.97),parental education(β=-1.84,-2.30),and family income(β=1.39) also affected the level of ADHD symptoms in preschoolers(P<0.05). Conclusions Pre-sleeping screen time before bed is closely related to high level of ADHD symptoms in preschoolers. More accompany with children by parents is associated with lower level of ADHD symptoms and screen time.

Study on the relationship among school life satisfaction,social anxiety,self-esteem and bullying behavior of rural left-behind children

YAN Hu, CHEN Jin-dong, HE Ling, FENG Ke-xin

2019, 27(9):  1002-1004.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2018-1158

Asbtract ( )   PDF (460KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To understand the current situation of bullying behavior in rural left-behind children,and to analyze the relationship among school life satisfaction,self-esteem and bullying behavior. Methods A total of 605 pupils in grade 5 from 6 primary schools in rural area of Hunan,Henan,Liaoning and Guangxi provinces were selected as participants by cluster random sampling,including 273 children left-behind and 332 non-left-behind children.School Life Satisfaction Questionnaire,Self-esteem Scale,Campus Bullying Questionnaire were used to measure children′s school life experience,self-esteem and bullying experience. Results Left-behind children suffered from more school bullying behaviors than non-left-behind children (t=2.90,P<0.01).Bullying behavior and being bullied experience in school were negatively correlated with school life satisfaction (r=-0.296,-0.219, P<0.01).And there was significantly positive correlation between self-esteem and school life satisfaction (r=0.388, P<0.01).Self-esteem played a partial mediating role between school life satisfaction and bullying behavior in campus (β=-0.25, P<0.05). Conclusions Left-behind children suffer more school bullying behaviors than non-left-behind children.So harmonious campus environment is expected to be created for children in schools,in order to improve life satisfaction of left-behind children.At the same time,psychological health education is suggested to be conducted,thereby reducing the occurrence of bullying on campus.

Analysis of emotional and behavioral problems of school-age children in Liuzhou

ZENG Pei-pei, FENG Yu-shan, ZENG Ting, ZHANG Yu, LI Hong-hui

2019, 27(9):  1005-1007.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2018-1506

Asbtract ( )   PDF (413KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To investigate psychological and behavioral problems of school-age children in Liuzhou using parent edition of Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire(SDQ). Methods A stratified cluster random sampling method was adopted from October 2014 to July 2015,and totally 11 205 students′ parents in 27 primary schools of Liuzhou were tested with parent edition of SDQ.And data on SDQ were compared among different gender and grade groups.Chi-square test was used to compare the categorical data,and t-test or variance analysis was used to compare the counting data. Results The detection rate of emotional and behavioral problems of school-age children in Liuzhou was 4.1%~36.9%,and the detection rate of total point of difficulty was 11.8%.The detection rate of emotional problem in girls (9.1%) was higher than that in boys (7.6%)(χ²=7.358,P＜0.05).There were statistically significant differences on the total score of SDQ and each dimension.The scores of emotional problem and prosocial behavior of girls in were higher than those of boys,while the scores of conduct problems,hyperactivity,prosocial behavior and general difficulties in boys were significantly higher than those in girls(P＜0.05).There were significant differences on the detection rate of SDQ among children from different grade groups.The score of hyperactivity in lower grade children was higher than that in higher grade children,while the scores of conduct,peer interaction and general difficulty in lower grade children were significantly lower than those in higher grade children(P＜0.05). Conclusion The emotional and behavioral problems in school-age children in Liuzhou are serious,and early intervention should be conducted according to different grades and gender.

Analysis on the results of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms Scale for 230 children

PAN Li, HU Yan

2019, 27(9):  1008-1011.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2018-1636

Asbtract ( )   PDF (745KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To investigate the distinction on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) core symptoms reported between parents and teachers,and to analyze the relationship among symptom items. Methods The ADHD symptom scales filled by parents and teachers for 230 children from outpatient service from August to October 2015 were collected.The distinction between different observers was analyzed by paired Chi-square test and Cohen`s kappa coefficient,while relationship among symptom items was analyzed by cluster analysis. Results 1) The agreement between parents′ and teachers′ report was low to moderate.2) In regard to attention deficit and hyperactivity symptoms,symptoms reported by parents,except for the items of effort,completing duty and noise,were significantly more than teachers (P<0.05).3) The nine symptom items of attention deficit syndrome might be grouped into the following 4 categories.Category A:conscious of details,attention abidance,interference control.Category B:seeming not listening,completing duty,planning;Category C:losing sundries,forgetting business;Category D:delay aversion. Conclusions Parents′ awareness of most ADHD symptoms is significantly higher than that of teachers′.Attention deficit symptoms reported by teacher seems to be helpful for explaining the relation of symptoms to brain dysfunction.

Expression and prognosis significance of T lymphocyte subsetsin mycoplasma pneumoniae infection children complicated by wheezing

SHEN Qiu-yan, LIU Jing, XIAO Xia-xia, WANG Hai-li, CAO Yan-hui, GUO Xiao-jie, LI Zhi-yong

2019, 27(9):  1012-1014.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2019-0173

Asbtract ( )   PDF (572KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To investigate the percentage of T lymphocyte subsets and its value in predicting the development of wheezing in infants experiencing their early episodes of wheezing in infants and young children with mycoplasma pneumonia(MP) infection complicated with wheezing,so as to provide scientific evidence for clinical treatment. Methods A total of 200 cases with positive result of MP antibody in the Department of Pediatrics,Weifang People′s Hospital were enrolled in this study as MP infection group from May to November 2017,of whom 92 wheezing cases with MP infection were in MP wheezing group,and 108 cases with MP infection but without wheezing were in MP non-wheezing group.Meanwhile,89 cases with acute bronchial asthma were selected as asthma group.The percentage of peripheral blood T cell subsets in three groups was measured,and 92 cases in MP wheezing group were in followed up for one year.Results 1) After one-year follow-up,70 cases were with recurrent wheezing,17 cases were without wheezing,and 5 cases lost in follow-up.2) MP wheezing group and MP non-wheezing group had significantly more percentage of CD3+CD4+ and CD3+CD4+/CD3+CD8+lymphocytesthan the asthma group,lower percentage of CD3-CD19+ lymphocytes than the asthma (P＜0.05).3) After one-year follow-up in MP wheezing group,the percentages of CD3+CD4+ and CD3+CD4+/CD3+CD8+ lymphocytes in recurrent wheezing group were significantly lower than those in non-wheezing group,and the percentage of CD3-CD19+ lymphocytes was significantly higher than that in non-wheezing group(P＜0.01). Conclusions 1) There is imbalance of T lymphocyte subsets in infants and young children with MP infection complicated by wheezing. 2) Infants and young children with MP infection complicated by wheezing, with lower percentage of CD3+CD4+/CD3+CD8+ lymphocytes, are prone to resulting in recurrent wheezing and even developing asthma.

Analysis on the therapeutic effect of L-carnitine in children with autism spectrum disorder

LÜ Nan, LI Dong-xiao, SHANG Qing, MA Cai-yun, LI Jing-jie

2019, 27(9):  1015-1018.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2019-0124

Asbtract ( )   PDF (612KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of L-carnitine on children with autism spectrum disorder(ASD),in order to find the best treatment for ASD children. Methods Totally 60 ASD children were randomly divided into treatment group(n=30) and control group(n=30) from September 2017 to December 2018. The control group was treated with routine special education intervention,and the treatment group was given levocarnitine [100 mg/(kg·d)]. Before and 3 months after treatment,the content of free carnitine was measured by tandem mass spectrometry,and was evaluated by Abnormal Behavior Scale(ABC),Child Autism Rating Scale(CARS) and Chinese Version of Psychological Education Assessment(C-PEP). Results Before treatment,free carnitine was low in both groups. After 3 months of treatment,free carnitine in the treatment group increased to(28.28±2.26)μmol/L,but it was still low in control group [(16.54 ±2.08) μmol/L]. After 3 months of treatment,the total scores of ABC(t_control=-6.32, t_treatment=-8.05),CARS(t_control=-1.24, t_treatment=-1.38) in the two groups were significantly lower than those before treatment(P＜0.05). While the score of PEP-3 was significantly higher than before in the two groups(t_control=-3.584, t_treatment=-4.683,P＜0.05).The total scores of ABC,CARS and PEP-3 were significantly different between treatment group and control group(t=-4.67,-2.43,2.884,P＜0.05). Conclusion Oral administration of L-carnitine in ASD patients can further promote cognitive,linguistic and behavioral improvements.

Differences on epidemic characteristics and inflammatory response in different subgroups of respiratory adenovirus infected children

LI Wei

2019, 27(9):  1019-1022.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2019-0457

Asbtract ( )   PDF (556KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics and inflammatory responseof human adenovirus (HAdVs) infected children in different subgroups,in order to provide scientific reference for the treatment of respiratory infections in children. Methods A total of 186 children with HAdV respiratory infections in Pediatric Outpatient Department were enrolled in this study from October 2016 to September 2018.The respiratory adenovirus was isolated and cultured.The type of adenovirus was determined by hexon and fiber PCR.The time,sex and age distribution of different subgroups of adenovirus were analyzed.The serum cytokine levels were determined by kit. Results HAdV type was identified in 175(94.09%) patients,and C subgroup(type 2,1,5 and 6) was the most common (34.86%).The subgroup B virus had a high incidence in summer and early autumn,and the C subgroup virus was prevalent throughout the year,while the E subgroup virus was only prevalent in early spring.The C subgroup virus was mainly detected in children around 1 year old,while the B subgroup and E subgroup viruswere mainly detected in older children(F=12.074,P=0.003).The WBC count of patients with subgroup C adenovirus infection was significantly higher than that of patients with B subgroup and E subgroup (F=5.215,P<0.05).In addition,11 types of cytokines were detected in serum,and the levels of 7 types of cytokines,such as G-CSF,IFN-γ,IL-6,TNF-α,MCP-1,MIP-1β and Eotaxin,significantly elevatedin patients infected with C subgroup (F=8.236,4.968,7.130,18.757,7.155,6.077,5.070,P<0.05).However,the IL-10 level was significantly decreased in patients infected with C subgroup (F=6.362,P<0.05). Conclusions There are significant differences on the epidemic characteristics and inflammatory response in different subgroups of children with respiratory adenovirus infection.Moreover,the inflammatory response caused by adenovirus C is the strongest.

Quantitative analysis of amplitude-integrated electroencephalogram of neonates with hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy

SUN Rui-xue, JIANG Hong, LI Xing-zhen, NAN Gang

2019, 27(9):  1023-1026.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2019-0366

Asbtract ( )   PDF (537KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To investigate the regularity characteristics of brain function of neonates with hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy(HIE),and to discuss the value of the quantitative indexes in predicting prognosis of HIE. Methods Totally 60 HIE neonates admitted in the neonatal intensive care unit of the Affiliated Hospital of Yan′an University within 6 hours after birth were enrolled in this study,and were divided into mild group,moderate group and severe group according to the diagnostic criteria of HIE.And 20 non-HIE children were selected as control group at the same time.Amplitude integrated electroencephalogram(aEEG) monitoring was performed within six hours after admitted to the hospital,and the duration lasted for 12 hours.The quantitative measures of amplitude,discontinuity,relative delta power(RDP) among four groups were analyzed.The neonates were followed up for three months.The developmental quotient(DQ) was assessed when the infants was three months old.And the correlation between DQ and the quantitative indexes such as amplitude,discontinuity,RDP was analyzed. Results There were significant differences on highest/lowest amplitude,discontinuity,RDP among the four groups(P＜0.05).The control group was not significantly different from mild HIE groupon amplitude,discontinuity and RDP(P＞0.016 7).However,there were significant differences on highest/lowest amplitude,discontinuity and RDP between mild and moderate HIE group,moderate and severe HIE group(P＜0.016 7).The amplitude and RDP decreased from mild HIE group to severe HIE group,while the discontinuity of aEEG signal increased from mild HIE group to severe HIE group.DQ of the children decreased with the increase of HIE severity(P＜0.05).The DQ value was positively correlated with the lowest amplitude(r=0.756,P＜0.05) and RDP(r=0.526,P＜0.05),negatively related to the discontinuity(r=-0.684,P＜0.05).But the correlation between DQ and the highest amplitude was not significant (P＞0.05). Conclusions With the aggravation of HIE,the discontinuity,amplitude and RDP become lower.There is correlative relationship between HIE and DQ at the age of three months old.Moreover,DQ value is positively correlated with the lowest amplitude and RDP,and is negatively related to the discontinuity.The lowest amplitude,discontinuity and RDP are partly associated with prognosis.The quantitative analysis of aEEG can facilitate interpretation in electroencephalogram of HIE neonates,thereby laying foundation to the development of automated neonatal electroencephalogram analysis technique.

Study on the correlation between vitamin A deficiency and neonatal infectious pneumonia

CHENG Yu-jia, LI Yuan, TANG Jin

2019, 27(9):  1027-1029.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2019-0251

Asbtract ( )   PDF (641KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To analyze the relationship between vitamin A (VA) deficiency and neonatal infectious pneumonia. Methods A total of 206 outpatient term infants were enrolled in this study from January to June 2018,and the VA level of infants were tested.The prevalence rates of infectious pneumonia in neonates with different VA levels were compared.And VA levels were compared between groups according to whether they had infectious pneumonia and the severity of pneumonia.Newborns with pneumonia were randomly divided into the experimental group and the control group.The control group received conventional treatment,while the experimental group was given oral vitamin A 1 500 U/d additionally.The clinical efficacy was compared between the two groups. Results 1) Among the 206 newborns,116 were with vitamin A deficiency,51 were with marginal vitamin A deficiency,and 39 were in normal levels.Infants with lower the VA level had significantly higher prevalence of infectious pneumonia (χ²=10.02,P=0.007).2) The VA level in pneumonia group [(0.182±0.079) mg/L](t=4.570,P<0.001) was significantly lower than that in the non-pneumonia group[(0.236±0.098) mg/L](t=4.570,P<0.001)].And serum vitamin A [(0.125±0.041) mg/L] was significantly lower in newborns with severe pneumonia than that in newborn with mild pneumonia[(0.212±0.078) mg/L] (t=4.62,P＜0.001).3) After the adjuvant treatment,the durations of clinical symptoms such as shortness of breath,cough,milk choking and lung rales were significantly lessen than those of the control group (P＜0.05). Conclusions The neonatal serum VA level is closely related to the incidence of pneumonia. And small dose of vitamin A is effective in the treatment of neonatal infectious pneumonia has distinct curative effect, can shorten the duration of clinical symptoms significanfly.

Current situation of sleep snoring in primary school students in Xi′an and its impact on quality of life

LIU Hai-qin, SHANG Lei, CHEN Jing-guo, SHE Ning-ning, SHI Ye-wen, FENG Ya-ni, ZANG Yi-tong, REN Xiao-yong

2019, 27(9):  1030-1033.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2019-1152

Asbtract ( )   PDF (622KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective By investigating the current situation of sleep snoring among primary school students in Xi′an,to analyze the impact of sleep snoring on children′s quality of life and provide scientific basis for primary school students′ sleep-related health education. Methods Refer to the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scale and the disease specific quality of life for 1 813 children with obstructive sleep apnea 18 items survey (OSA-18),self-designed questionnaires were used to collect primary school students from 6 to 14 years old in Xi′an by the stratified random sampling method from February to June 2018. The sleep related situation and quality of life questionnaire were investigated,and the data were statistically analyzed. Results 1)Analysis of the sleep habits of primary school students found that 57.2% of primary school students were accompanied by snoring during sleep,40.2% of primary school students had nighttime sleep/night terrors,and 33.8% of primary school students were accompanied by molars during sleep,indicating that sleep problems were also common among primary school students. 2)Among the primary school students who were fighting,the proportion of male students was higher than that of female students (boys:54.9%,girls:45.1%;P=0.002); The proportion of the primary school students who had snoring had a higher proportion of nighttime sleep/night terrors (snoring group:48.2 %,non-snoring group:29.8%;P<0.001); More prone to night molars (snoring group:41.8%,non-snoring group:23.1%; P<0.001) and daytime sleepiness (snoring group:28.7%,non-snoring group:20.2%;P<0.001);Snoring students were also more active (snoring group:58.5%,non-snoring group:51.5%;P=0.003).3)In the OSA-18 questionnaire total score,the difference between the snoring group and the non-snoring group was statistically significant (P<0.001),and there were statistical differences in sleep disorders,physical status,emotional problems,daytime function,and influence on guardians(P<0.05). 4)Pearson correlation analysis found that the sleep time was negatively correlated with the daytime function score,the correlation coefficient r was -0.212(P<0.05). Conclusions Sleep disorders are common among primary school students,and sleep snoring is the most important manifestation. Sleep snoring is an important issue affecting children′s sleep quality and quality of life. It is common among primary school students and needs to be paid attention by parents,schools and society to protect the healthy growth of adolescents.

Combination of education with medical treatment for school-aged children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

SHEN Li, WANG Yu, TIAN Yuan, YU Guang-jun

2019, 27(9):  1034-1038.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2019-0060

Asbtract ( )   PDF (738KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To explore the effect of combination of education with medical treatment for school-aged children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD),in order to provide theoretical evidence for the treatment of ADHD. Methods A random cluster sampling method was used to conduct ADHD screening in 9 295 children of grade 1 to 5 from 14 primary schools in Jiading District,Shanghai from January to December 2018,and 243 children were diagnosed with ADHD. The intervention group was given combination of education with medical treatment and medical treatment,while the control group received medical treatment. The two groups were both evaluated by Chinese version of Swan-son Nolan and Pelham,Version Ⅳ Scale-parent form(SNAP-Ⅳ) and Parent Stress Index(PSI) before intervention,after intervention and 6 months after follow up. Results A total of 105 children were included in the intervention group and 99 children in the control group in 6 months after follow up. Linear mixed-effect model analysis showed the difference on SNAP-Ⅳ scores(t=5.04,P=0.026) and PSI scores(t=6.49,P=0.012) were significant between the two groups after treatment. After six-year follow-up,there was significant difference on the SNAP-Ⅳ scores between the two groups(t=7.84,P=0.006),but no significant difference on the PSI scores(t=2.11,P=0.148). Conclusion Combination of education with medical treatment has improved the core symptoms of ADHD children,relived parental stress,and provided support for multimodal intervention in ADHD children.