Against the backdrop of the new era featuring the reform of educational evaluation and the advancement of educational modernization,provincial enrollment and examination institutions serve as a pivotal link in thenational enrollment and examination system,connecting higher-level policies with local implementation.Their high-quality development is of vital importance tothe quality and effectiveness of educational enrollment and examination work.This article outlines the four core functional roles of provincial enrollment andexamination institutions and analyzes the fourfold challenges they currently face:changes in the scale and diversity of examinee demands,security and operational transformation driven by technological advancements,business transformation prompted by the deepening of educational reform,and heightened societal expectations for educational equity.These challenges highlight the importance and urgency of the transformation of specialization and modernization.On this basis,the article proposes practical pathways centered on enhancing professional capabilities,empowering with modern technology,and constructing supportive systems.The aimis to provide theoretical support and practical references for the high-qualitydevelopment of provincial enrollment and examination institutions,thereby contributing to the establishment of a modern educational enrollment and examinationsystem with Chinese characteristics.