Abstract: Osteoporosis begins in childhood, and the accumulation of bone strength and bone mass during growth and development is essential for the prevention of osteoporosis and fragility fractures. Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, as the preferred bone mass assessment technique for children and adolescents with osteoporosis, can be combined with clinically significant fractures to make a diagnosis of osteoporosis. Peak bone mass and bone mineral density(BMD) can be increased through intervention of factors such as physical activity, nutritional intake, medication, and lifestyle. Hospitals, families, schools, the internet and other parties should join forces to strengthen the popularization of osteoporosis knowledge and promote the disease cognition and bone protection behavior of children and adolescents. This article reviews the definition, assessment tools and influencing factors of osteoporosis in children and adolescents, so as to provide reference for promoting the prevention and intervention of osteoporosis in children and adolescents.

Key words: children, adolescents, osteoporosis, bone mineral density

摘要： 骨质疏松症起病于儿童时期,生长发育期间的骨强度和骨量积累对于预防骨质疏松症以及脆性骨折至关重要。双能X线吸收测定法作为儿童及青少年骨质疏松首选的骨量评估技术,可结合临床有意义的骨折对骨质疏松症做出诊断。通过对体力活动、营养摄入、药物治疗和生活方式等因素进行干预可以增加峰值骨量和骨密度(BMD)。医院、家庭、学校、互联网等多方应合力加强骨质疏松知识普及,促进儿童及青少年疾病认知和骨保护行为养成。本文就儿童及青少年骨质疏松的定义、评估工具以及影响因素进行了综述,为促进儿童及青少年骨质疏松症的预防和干预提供借鉴。

关键词: 儿童, 青少年, 骨质疏松症, 骨密度