子宫粘连动物模型及其在子宫粘连研究中的应用

doi:10.12092/j.issn.1009-2501.2026.02.013

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

子宫粘连（intrauterine adhesion，IUA）是当代女性不孕、流产、反复移植失败的主要原因，其主要表现为子宫内膜纤维化。建立合适的动物模型对于子宫粘连机制的研究至关重要。在本文中，我们总结了不同的动物子宫粘连建模的发展过程及方法，包括采用机械损伤、95%乙醇注射、双重损伤等方法建立IUA模型，为研究人员提供参考。同时还回顾了当前应用IUA动物模型研究子宫粘连治疗方案的研究进展，尽管目前热门的干细胞疗法、富血小板血浆、生物工程技术不断发展，对IUA的治疗方案主要是宫腔镜粘连松解术后预防再粘连，但治疗后再粘连率仍然居高不下，且存在一定的副作用。新兴治疗方案如透明质酸、羊膜移植等现无明确的治疗效果，未来仍需探索IUA的发病机制，以找寻治疗IUA的最佳方案。

关键词: 子宫粘连, 动物模型, 治疗方法

Abstract:

Intrauterine adhesion (IUA) is the main cause of modern female infertility, which is mainly manifested by endometrial fibrosis. It is very important to establish a suitable animal model for the study of the mechanism of uterine adhesion. In this paper, we summarized the development process and methods of different animal uterine adhesion modeling, including the establishment of IUA models using mechanical injury, 95% ethanol injection, double injury, etc., to provide reference for researchers. At the same time, the current research progress on the treatment of uterine adhesions using IUA animal models is reviewed. Although the current popular stem cell therapy, platelet-rich plasma, and bioengineering technology continue to develop, the treatment of IUA has not been unified. In the future, it is still necessary to explore the pathogenesis of IUA to find the best treatment plan for IUA.

Key words: adhesions of uterus, animal model, treatment methods

中图分类号:

R711.74
R332

张青, 胡攀伟, 周华. 子宫粘连动物模型及其在子宫粘连研究中的应用[J]. 中国临床药理学与治疗学, 2026, 31(2): 257-264.

Qing ZHANG, Panwei HU, Hua ZHOU. Animal model of intrauterine adhesions and its application in the treatment of intrauterine adhesions[J]. Chinese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 2026, 31(2): 257-264.

图/表 1

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模型类型	优点	缺点	参考文献
物理损伤模型
机械损伤	价格低廉、操作方便	重复性差、受操作者经验影响大	[11-14]
电动工具刮擦	损伤强度一致，克服传统机械损伤重复性差的缺点	需专用设备、操作技术要求较高	[16]
电凝损伤	操作简单，损伤效果明显	高温可能造成过度损伤、可能导致子宫闭锁或丧失生育功能	[17-18]
热损伤	能有效破坏全层子宫内膜，纤维化效果显著	过度损伤导致子宫内膜无法再生；生育功能完全丧失	[19-20]
负压吸宫	重复性较高，操作相对标准化	可能无法完全损伤基底层；自我修复可能导致建模失败	[21]
妊娠动物模型	更贴近人类IUA的临床病因	实验周期长、未观察长期生育结果	[15]
化学损伤模型
95%乙醇注射	损伤程度可控，模型稳定性较好	需开腹手术，增加炎症风险、可能因乙醇浓度或时间控制不当导致过度/不足损伤	[22]
苯酚粘液	损伤水平易控制，病理表现接近人类IUA	材料成本较高	[23-24]
三氯乙酸（TCA）	快速诱导纤维化，效果显著	具有致癌风险	[25-26]
双重损伤模型
机械损伤+LPS感染	模型稳定性高，模拟感染与创伤双重因素	操作复杂，需开腹手术、人工感染不符合临床实际	[27-28]
刮宫+铜丝置入	双重损伤延缓子宫内膜再生，提高建模成功率	操作步骤繁琐，可能引入额外干扰因素	[29]

模型类型	优点	缺点	参考文献
物理损伤模型
机械损伤	价格低廉、操作方便	重复性差、受操作者经验影响大	[11-14]
电动工具刮擦	损伤强度一致，克服传统机械损伤重复性差的缺点	需专用设备、操作技术要求较高	[16]
电凝损伤	操作简单，损伤效果明显	高温可能造成过度损伤、可能导致子宫闭锁或丧失生育功能	[17-18]
热损伤	能有效破坏全层子宫内膜，纤维化效果显著	过度损伤导致子宫内膜无法再生；生育功能完全丧失	[19-20]
负压吸宫	重复性较高，操作相对标准化	可能无法完全损伤基底层；自我修复可能导致建模失败	[21]
妊娠动物模型	更贴近人类IUA的临床病因	实验周期长、未观察长期生育结果	[15]
化学损伤模型
95%乙醇注射	损伤程度可控，模型稳定性较好	需开腹手术，增加炎症风险、可能因乙醇浓度或时间控制不当导致过度/不足损伤	[22]
苯酚粘液	损伤水平易控制，病理表现接近人类IUA	材料成本较高	[23-24]
三氯乙酸（TCA）	快速诱导纤维化，效果显著	具有致癌风险	[25-26]
双重损伤模型
机械损伤+LPS感染	模型稳定性高，模拟感染与创伤双重因素	操作复杂，需开腹手术、人工感染不符合临床实际	[27-28]
刮宫+铜丝置入	双重损伤延缓子宫内膜再生，提高建模成功率	操作步骤繁琐，可能引入额外干扰因素	[29]

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