肾上腺素不同给药途径治疗Ⅰ型超敏反应的研究进展

doi:10.12092/j.issn.1009-2501.2026.03.012

中国临床药理学与治疗学 ›› 2026, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (3): 400-408.doi: 10.12092/j.issn.1009-2501.2026.03.012

肾上腺素不同给药途径治疗Ⅰ型超敏反应的研究进展

陈佳瑞¹^,²(), 张郃²^,³, 张海利⁴, 程艺², 刘春艳¹, 李蒙², 刘楠², 王增明², 张慧²^,*(), 郑爱萍¹^,²^,*()

1. 华北理工大学药学院，唐山 063210，河北
2. 国家安全特需药品全国重点实验室，北京 100850
3. 联勤保障部队第九〇九医院/厦门大学附属东南医院药剂科，漳州 363000，福建
4. 邯郸市中心医院，邯郸 056000，河北

收稿日期:2025-03-18 修回日期:2025-04-30 出版日期:2026-03-26 发布日期:2026-04-03
通讯作者: 张慧,郑爱萍 E-mail:2697203713@qq.com;zhhui58@126.com;apzheng@163.com
作者简介:陈佳瑞，女，硕士，研究方向：药物制剂。E-mail：2697203713@qq.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划资助项目（2023YFC2706100）

Research progress on the treatment of type I hypersensitivity reactions via different epinephrine administration routes

Jiarui CHEN¹^,²(), He ZHANG²^,³, Haili ZHANG⁴, Yi CHENG², Chunyan LIU¹, Meng LI², Nan LIU², Zengming WANG², Hui ZHANG²^,*(), Aiping ZHENG¹^,²^,*()

1. School of Pharmacy, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, Hebei, China
2. State Key Laboratory of National Security Specially Needed Medicines, Beijing 100850, China
3. Department of Pharmacy, The 909th Hospital/ Dongnan Hospital of Xiamen University, Zhangzhou 363000, Zhejiang, China
4. Handan Central Hospital, Hebei 056000, Handan, China

Received:2025-03-18 Revised:2025-04-30 Online:2026-03-26 Published:2026-04-03
Contact: Hui ZHANG,Aiping ZHENG E-mail:2697203713@qq.com;zhhui58@126.com;apzheng@163.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

肾上腺素作为治疗Ⅰ型超敏反应的一线药物，能够有效缓解低血压、红斑、荨麻疹和血管性水肿等症状，并抑制过敏介质的进一步释放。肾上腺素肌肉给药能快速吸收发挥效果，国内外已上市了肾上腺素的注射液和自动注射针，在紧急情况下为患者提供了及时的救治。为了提高用药的便利性和患者的依从性，正在探索肾上腺素的新型给药途径，包括肾上腺素液体鼻喷剂、粉末鼻喷剂、舌下制剂和吸入制剂。本文总结了目前上市和在研的不同给药途径肾上腺素制剂的优势和不足，并预测了未来研究的方向和重点。

关键词: 过敏反应, 肾上腺素, 给药途径, 肌肉注射, 黏膜给药

Abstract:

Epinephrine is the first-line drug for treating type I hypersensitivity reactions and can effectively alleviate symptoms such as hypotension, erythema, urticaria, and angioedema, while also inhibiting the further release of allergic mediators. Intramuscular administration of epinephrine ensures rapid absorption and efficacy, and both epinephrine injection vials and auto-injectors are available on the market, providing timely treatment in emergency situations. To enhance the convenience of drug administration and improve patient compliance, new routes of administration for epinephrine are being explored, including liquid nasal sprays, powder nasal sprays, sublingual formulations, and inhalers. This article summarizes the advantages and limitations of currently available and under-researched epinephrine formulations with different routes of administration and predicts future research directions and priorities.

Key words: anaphylaxis, epinephrine, routes of administration, intramuscular injection, mucosal administration

中图分类号:

陈佳瑞, 张郃, 张海利, 程艺, 刘春艳, 李蒙, 刘楠, 王增明, 张慧, 郑爱萍. 肾上腺素不同给药途径治疗Ⅰ型超敏反应的研究进展[J]. 中国临床药理学与治疗学, 2026, 31(3): 400-408.

Jiarui CHEN, He ZHANG, Haili ZHANG, Yi CHENG, Chunyan LIU, Meng LI, Nan LIU, Zengming WANG, Hui ZHANG, Aiping ZHENG. Research progress on the treatment of type I hypersensitivity reactions via different epinephrine administration routes[J]. Chinese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 2026, 31(3): 400-408.

图/表 4

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名称	规格	企业名称	批准时间
盐酸肾上腺素注射液	1 mg/mL	开封制药（集团）有限公司	2002-07-10
盐酸肾上腺素注射液	1 mg/mL	远大医药（中国）有限公司	2020-08-27
盐酸肾上腺素注射液	1 mg/mL	武汉武药制药有限公司	2022-07-12
盐酸肾上腺素注射液	1 mg/mL 0.5 mg/0.5 mL	山东威智百科药业有限公司	2024-02-29
ADRENALIN	1 mg/1 mL	ENDO OPERATIONS	2012-12-07
ADRENALIN	30 mg/30 mL	ENDO OPERATIONS	2013-12-18
EPINEPHRINE	1 mg/1 mL 10 mg/10 mL 30 mg/30 mL	BPI LABS	2014-07-29
EPINEPHRINE	1 mg/1 mL	AM REGENT	2018-07-06
EPINEPHRINE	30 mg/30 mL	INTL MEDICATION SYS	2020-04-24
EPINEPHRINE	1 mg/1 mL	FRESENIUS KABI USA	2024-11-20
EPINEPHRINE	30 mg/30 mL	AM REGENT	2024-09-06

名称	规格	企业名称	批准时间
盐酸肾上腺素注射液	1 mg/mL	开封制药（集团）有限公司	2002-07-10
盐酸肾上腺素注射液	1 mg/mL	远大医药（中国）有限公司	2020-08-27
盐酸肾上腺素注射液	1 mg/mL	武汉武药制药有限公司	2022-07-12
盐酸肾上腺素注射液	1 mg/mL 0.5 mg/0.5 mL	山东威智百科药业有限公司	2024-02-29
ADRENALIN	1 mg/1 mL	ENDO OPERATIONS	2012-12-07
ADRENALIN	30 mg/30 mL	ENDO OPERATIONS	2013-12-18
EPINEPHRINE	1 mg/1 mL 10 mg/10 mL 30 mg/30 mL	BPI LABS	2014-07-29
EPINEPHRINE	1 mg/1 mL	AM REGENT	2018-07-06
EPINEPHRINE	30 mg/30 mL	INTL MEDICATION SYS	2020-04-24
EPINEPHRINE	1 mg/1 mL	FRESENIUS KABI USA	2024-11-20
EPINEPHRINE	30 mg/30 mL	AM REGENT	2024-09-06

商品名	规格	企业名称	批准时间
EPIPEN	0.3 mg/delivery	MYLAN SPECIALITY LP	1987-12-22
EPIPEN Jr	0.15 mg/delivery	MYLAN SPECIALITY LP	1987-12-22
ADRENACLICK	0.15 mg/delivery 0.3 mg/delivery	IMPAX	2003-05-30
AUVI-Q	0.1 mg/delivery 0.15 mg/delivery 0.3 mg/delivery	KALEO INC	2012-08-10
EPINEPHRINE (AUTOINJECTOR)	0.15 mg/delivery 0.3 mg/delivery	TEVA PHARMS USA	2018-08-16
SYMJEPI	0.3 mg/delivery	ADAMIS PHARMS CORP	2017-06-15
Anapen Junior 0.15 mg solution for injection	0.15 mg/delivery	LINCOLN MEDICAL LIMITED	2001-07-11
Anapen 0.3 mg solution for injection	0.3 mg/delivery	LINCOLN MEDICAL LIMITED	2001-07-11
Jext 150 micrograms solution for injection in pen-filled pen	0.15 mg/delivery	ALK ABELLó A-S	2010-11-12
Jext 300 micrograms solution for injection in pen-filled pen	0.3 mg/delivery	ALK ABELLó A-S	2010-11-12

商品名	规格	企业名称	批准时间
EPIPEN	0.3 mg/delivery	MYLAN SPECIALITY LP	1987-12-22
EPIPEN Jr	0.15 mg/delivery	MYLAN SPECIALITY LP	1987-12-22
ADRENACLICK	0.15 mg/delivery 0.3 mg/delivery	IMPAX	2003-05-30
AUVI-Q	0.1 mg/delivery 0.15 mg/delivery 0.3 mg/delivery	KALEO INC	2012-08-10
EPINEPHRINE (AUTOINJECTOR)	0.15 mg/delivery 0.3 mg/delivery	TEVA PHARMS USA	2018-08-16
SYMJEPI	0.3 mg/delivery	ADAMIS PHARMS CORP	2017-06-15
Anapen Junior 0.15 mg solution for injection	0.15 mg/delivery	LINCOLN MEDICAL LIMITED	2001-07-11
Anapen 0.3 mg solution for injection	0.3 mg/delivery	LINCOLN MEDICAL LIMITED	2001-07-11
Jext 150 micrograms solution for injection in pen-filled pen	0.15 mg/delivery	ALK ABELLó A-S	2010-11-12
Jext 300 micrograms solution for injection in pen-filled pen	0.3 mg/delivery	ALK ABELLó A-S	2010-11-12

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肾上腺素不同给药途径治疗Ⅰ型超敏反应的研究进展

Research progress on the treatment of type I hypersensitivity reactions via different epinephrine administration routes

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