关键词: 少数民族, 小学生, 中学生, 生长发育, 发育量

Abstract: Objective To study the epidemic status and characteristics of the growth development before and after the growth peak in 6 ethnics and Han students in the primary schools and middle schools in Yunnan in 2014 and to provide the scientific basis and reference on making the policies and strategies of the students' nutrition improvement plan. Methods Using the 2014 national students' physical health survey data,23 728 primary and middle school students who were aged 7~18 years old were in random sample in 7 prefectures in Yunnan.To compare the three indicators (average height,weight and chest circumference) and the determination of index according to the handbook of 2014 national students' physique and health research work. Results In 2014 survey population,the peak height age of boys was 13 years old;The peak value was 6.51 cm.That of the girls was 11 years old and the value was 6.17 cm.The height peak value of boys from high to low in turn was:Naxi,Lisu＞Wa＞Dai＞Han＞Bai＞Hani;That of the girls was:Naxi＞Wa＞Han＞Dai＞Lisu＞Hani＞Bai.The full range of boys' growth spurt from high to low in turn was :Naxi＞Lisu＞Dai＞Hani＞Wa＞Han＞Bai; That of the girls was:Lisu＞Bai＞Dai＞Naxi＞Han＞Hani＞Wa.The average height of 18 years old boys was (168.15±6.73)cm and the height of 18 years old boys from high to low in turn was:Bai＞Naxi＞Han＞Dai＞Lisu＞Hani＞Wa.The average height of 18 years old girls was (155.82±5.82)cm and the height from high to low in turn was:Bai＞Han＞Naxi＞Dai＞Lisu＞Hani＞Wa.The growth development value of height,weight and chest circumference of boys were greater than those of girls.And the girls were in advance 2 years into the exploding peak age than boys.These were conformed to the regular of children and adolescents growth and development. Conclusions The growth peak of development and the development process of 7 ethnics primary and middle school students both have their own characteristics in Yunnan.Based on the characteristics of ethnic students' growth and development,students' intervention,classification of nutrition and health education guidance and regional stratified intervention are carried out to improve the level of physical development of ethnic minority students in Yunnan.

Key words: ethnics, pupils, middle-school students, growth and development, development quantity