关键词: 家庭养育环境, 母亲焦虑, 学龄前儿童, 强迫症状

Abstract: Objective To know about the prevalence of obsessive-compulsive symptoms in preschool children and its relationship with family rearing environment,in order to provide scientific basis for early intervention of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Methods Totally 969 children aged 3 to 6 years were selected in 3 representative kindergartens in Taiyuan city by stratification and cluster sampling from October to November 2017.Children's general data questionnaire,the Family Rearing Environment Scale,Spence Preschool Anxiety Scale and Self-rating Anxiety Scale were used as investigation tools.The data were analyzed by means of t-test,χ² test and Logistic multiple regression analysis. Results Among 969 children,60 cases(6.2%) were positive for obsessive-compulsive symptoms,including 32 cases(6.3%) of males and 28(6.0%)of females,19 cases(5.8%) in the small classes,29(7.2%) in the middle classes and 12(5.0%) in the large classes.And 60 positive cases were defined as the obsessive-compulsive symptoms group,and 180 cases without anxiety were as control group.There was no significant differences on genders(χ²=0.200,P =0.655) and grades(χ²=2.065,P=0.356) between obsessive-compulsive symptoms group and control group.In the Family Nurture Environment Scale,there were significant differences on the subscales of language/cognitive,emotional warmth/self-expression,social adaptation/self-management,ignore/interference/punishment,participating in activity diversity/game and environment/atmosphere between obsessive-compulsive symptoms group and control group(P＜0.05).Also,mother's educational background and mother's anxiety score were significantly different between the two groups(χ²=14.356,t=3.426,P＜0.01).Logistic regression analysis indicated that the neglect/intervention/punishment(medium enviroment OR=0.241,95%CI:0.088-0.659),mother's anxiety score(OR=1.059,95%CI:1.009-1.111) and mother's education level(high school OR=3.886,95%CI:1.554-9.716; college or above OR=2.695,95%CI:1.301-5.581) were associated with obsessive-compulsive symptoms of preschool children. Conclusions Obsessive-compulsive symptoms are common in preschool children,and are related to family rearing style,maternal mood and maternal education level.Psychological counseling of parents is essential to early interfere with obsessive-compulsive symptoms of preschool children.

Key words: family nurture environment, maternal anxiety, preschool children, obsessive-compulsive symptoms