关键词: 出生缺陷, 发生率, 先天性脏病

Abstract: Objective To analyze the detection and epidemiological characteristics of birth defects in Bayannur City Hospital and Maternal and Child Health Hospital,in order to provide a basis for the formulation of preventive measures. Methods A total of 209 cases of adverse pregnancy (including live birth,stillbirth and death within 7 days after birth) from 2017 to 2018 were selected to analyze the general situation of birth defects. Maternal childbearing ages,complications during pregnancy,adverse pregnancy history,medication history during pregnancy,previous chronic disease history and number of births and parities were analyzed and compared. Results Among the 11 145 cases of delivery,there were 101 cases of birth defects,with the incidence of birth defects of 90.62/10⁴,and the incidence of unexplained stillbirth (108 cases) of 96.60/10⁴. The top ten birth defects included congenital heart disease,cleft lip and palate,Down syndrome,spina bifida,finger (toe) deformity,congenital hydrocephalus,congenital abdominal wall malformation,renal dysplasia (including duplicate kidney,absence of kidney),equinovarus and external ear malformation. Most (37.62%) of the mothers whose children had birth defects lived in Linhe district. Compared with the 273 pregnant women in the control group,the proportion of pregnancy complications in the birth defect group (21.78%) was lower (χ²=15.391,P<0.001),and the proportion of taking medicine during pregnancy (10.89%) was also significantly lower than that in the control group (χ²=5.254,P=0.022). Conclusions The incidence of birth defects in Linhe district of Bayannur city is lower than that in Inner Mongolia Autonomous region and the whole country. Congenital heart disease,polydactyly (toe),cleft lip and palate and congenital hydrocephalus are the types of defects that need to be paid more attention to. Whether the excessive arsenic content in the water in this region is related to birth defects still needs to be further explored and analyzed.

Key words: birth defects, incidence, congenital heart disease