关键词: 儿童, 消瘦, 超重, 肥胖

Abstract: Objective To identify the prevalence and the risk factors of different body proportions in children under 2 years of age, so as to provide theoretical basis for making related prevention and control measures. Methods Cross-sectional data of 8 474 children under 2 years old (0~<2 years) from May 2020 to May 2022 were retrieved through the Children′s Growth and Development Assessment and Follow-up System of the Department of Child Health Care, Shanghai Children′s Hospital for a retrospective study according to real-world research methods. Physical data were measured by medical professionals, and the children′s birth and parents′ conditions were collected retrospectively. A numerical table was constructed and the SPSS 26.0 software was used to analyze the prevalence and risk factors of different body proportions. χ² test was used for comparison between groups and multi-factor Logistic regression analysis was used for regression. Results The study included 3 813 boys and 4 661 girls under 2 years of age in routine health check-ups, of whom the overall detection rates for emaciation, overweight and obesity were 1.5%, 19.0% and 7.8% respectively. The detection rates of overweight and obesity in boys were higher than those in girls(χ²=17.597, 12.653, P＜0.01). The risk of overweight and obesity was increased in children with birth weight > 4 000g, larger for gestational age and larger head circumference, and the risk of obesity was higher in children with birth weight <2 500g than that in the normal group(P＜0.01). Children with smaller head circumference and small for gestational age were more likely to emaciation(P＜0.05).Children with overweight or obese parents were at a higher risk of developing overweight and obesity than the normal population, and caesarean section was also a risk factor for obesity in childhood(RR=1.33, 95%CI:1.15-1.53, P＜0.01). Logistic regression analysis showed that boys, head circumference, birth weight in relation to gestational age and parental BMI were valid early warning indicators of overweight and obesity in children (P＜0.01). Conclusion With a high detection rate of overweight and obesity in children under 2 years of age and the persistence of emaciation, early prevention and intervention are needed for the healthy development of children′s physical fitness.

Key words: children, emaciation, overweight, obesity