关键词: 早产儿, 小于胎龄儿, 神经心理发育, 体格发育

Abstract: Objective To study the effect of early intervention on physical and neuropsychological development of preterm small for gestational age infants(SGA)during hospitalization and after discharge in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit(NICU), in order to provide reference for the intervention of preterm high-risk infants. Methods Preterm SGAs hospitalized in NICU from October 2016 to February 2019 were enrolled in observation group (n=103), who received early intervention during hospitalization and after discharge.And those hospitalized in this hospital but did not took early intervention measures were selected as control group (n=89).Physical development indexes of the two groups were recorded.The 20 items of neuromotor assessment at 0-1 year old(INMA) and the Bailey Infant Development scale(BISDⅡ)were used for assessment at the critical age, and the results were compared between the two groups. Results At the corrected age of 6 and 12 months, there was no significant difference on body weight and length.However, there was significant difference on head circumference between observation group and control group at the corrected age of 12 months (t=-2.260, P=0.032).At the age of 18 months, there were significant differences on body weight, body length and head circumference between the two groups (t=-2.652, -3.381, -2.627, P<0.05).The catch-up growth rates of body weight and head circumference in observation group were significantly higher than those in control group at the corrected age of 6 months (χ²=3.891, 4.444, P＜0.05).And the catch-up growth rate of body length in observation group was also higher than that in control group (χ²=4.516, P=0.034).INMA results indicated that abnormal rate of observation group was lower than that of control group (χ²=4.401, 4.786, P<0.05).Moreover, the psychomotor development index (PDI) and the mental development index (MDI) in observation group were significantly higher than those in control group at the corrected age of 12 months and 18 months(t=2.645, 3.492, 2.427, 2.437, P＜0.05). Conclusion Early intervention for premature SGAs can promote their physical and neuropsychological development, facilitate early catch-up growth, reduce neurological sequelae, thereby achieving the development of healthy growth tracks of this kind of high-risk children.

Key words: premature infants, small for gestational age infant, neuropsychological development, physical development