关键词: 孤独症谱系障碍, 感觉异常, 社交能力, 儿童

Abstract: Objective To investigate the sensory abnormalities in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and the factors correlated with sensory abnormalities,so as to provide theoretical reference for the clinical diagnosis and behavior modification of ASD children. Methods A total of 121 ASD children were enrolled in this study from August,2015 to January,2016. The sensory abnormalities were evaluated by the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R). Psycho-Educational Profile-version 3 (PEP-3),WISC,Gesell test,Brief Autism Mealtime Behaviors Inventory (BAMBI) were used to assess other characteristics of ASD children. The correlation between sensory abnormalities and related factors was analyzed by spearman correlation analysis. Results Totally 19.0% (23/121) of ASD children had no-sensory abnormalities,mild- and severe-sensory abnormalities was detected in 64(52.9%) and 34(28.1%) children,respectively. The kinds of sensory abnormalities in mild- and severe-sensory abnormalities group were more than those in no-sensory abnormalities group (χ²=88.042,P<0.01),which were also much more in severe-sensory abnormalities group than that in mild-sensory abnormalities group (P<0.01). Part-A (scocial interaction) and B(communication) scores of ADI-R in severe-sensory abnormalities group with no language ability (19.59±4.67,12.36±1.76) were significantly higher than those in no-sensory abnormalities group (15.79±1.94,9.86±3.34,F=3.032,5.190,P＜0.05).Additionally,Part-B of ADI-R scored higher in severe-sensory abnormalities group than in mild-sensory abnormalities group (10.79±2.32,P<0.05). In PEP-3,the percentage of personal self-care in mild and severe-sensory abnormalities group was lower than that in no-sensory abnormalities group (χ²=8.641,P<0.01). As for full intelligence quotient(FIQ) and developmental quotient (DQ),there was no significant difference among three groups(P＞0.05). In BAMBI,mild- and severe-sensory abnormalities group had higher score on limited variety of food than no-sensory abnormalities group (χ²=6.806,P＜0.05). In non-verbal ASD children,sensory abnormalities were positively related to the part-A and B scores of ADI-R (r_s=0.260,0.359,P<0.01).Moreover,sensory abnormalities of ASD children were negatively related with the percentage of personal self-care in PEP-3 (r_s=-0.252,P=0.005),and positively related to the scores of food refusal in BAMBI (r_s=0.224,P=0.013). Conclusions Sensory abnormalities are existed in 81.0% of ASD children,with a greater variety of sensory abnormalities in the severe group. ASD children with severe-sensory abnormalities are less socially competent and had more eating problems. Sensory abnormalities are not associated with intelligence test and Gesell assessment result. Sensory abnormalities may be a predictor of social competence in children with ASD.

Key words: autism spectrum disorder, sensory abnormalities, social ability, children