关键词: 3~6岁幼儿, 粗大动作, 发展特征

Abstract: Objective To explore the developmental characteristics of 3- to 6-year-old children′s gross movements,so as to provide data support for clinical diagnosis,treatment and educational intervention. Methods From April to July 2019,640 children aged 3—6 were randomly selected from two public kindergartens in Beijing,and Gross Motor Development Test(TGMD-3) was used for gross motor development test. Two-way ANOVA method was used to compare the differences in gross movement scores among children among different age and gender groups. Results There was no significant interaction effect between sex and age in the development of gross movements of 3- to 6-year-old children(P>0.05). There was a significant age main effect on the total score of gross movement,locomotor skills,object control skills and 13 sub-items(P<0.001). The score of rough movements increased with the increase of age. There was a significant gender main effect on the total score of locomotor skills,hop and skip in the 4- to 6-year-old group(P<0.05),which were better in girls than those in boys. The gender main effect also appeared in the score of object control skills,two-hand strike,forehand strike,kick and dribble(P<0.001),and which were better in boys than those in girls. Conclusions The scores of gross movements of 3- to 6-year-old children continue to increase with the increase of age. The locomotor skills of girls are better than those of boys,and the object control skills of boys are better than those of girls. It is suggested to give differential teaching according to the age and gender characteristics of the rough movements development at the age of 3 to 6 years old.

Key words: 3- to 6-year-old children, gross movements, developmental characteristics