关键词: 高危儿, 随访, 早产儿, Gesell发育量表, 母乳喂养率

Abstract: Objective To summarize and analyze the follow-up data of high-risk infants, and to understand the results of nutrition and nervous system development of high-risk infants after discharge, so as to better guide the follow-up work. Methods A total of 293 high-risk infants were selected from type B high-risk children who were followed up in the combined outpatient department of Changzhou Children's Hospital from June 1st, 2019 to July 1st, 2020.The follow-up data of high-risk diseases, follow-up compliance, exclusive breastfeeding rate, nutritional development and nervous system development were analyzed. Results Preterm birth, pneumonia and severe jaundice were the top three diseases in the follow-up of high-risk children.Follow-up compliance was only 43.0%.The follow-up rate of exclusive breast-feeding was 32.8%.The prevalence rates of malnutrition and overnutrition were 14.0% and 9.2%, respectively.In addition, 49 of the 293 type B high-risk children were at risk of brain injury or had abnormal nervous system development, and were assessed by Gesell at 3 months after birth.Among the five areas, the largest gap between Gesell score and the corresponding age was in the aspect of adaptive area, accounted for 55.1%.The highest number of days behind was in fine motor activities, with an average lag of 41.8 days than normal children.There were eight children assessed entirely abnormal by Gesell, of whom six were preterm infants.Compared with the full-term high-risk infants, the preterm high-risk infants had statistically significant differences in the exclusive breastfeeding rate, the days of fine motor delay, the days of delayed response ability and the days of delayed speech ability (χ²=32.47, 2.46, 2.23, 2.19,P＜0.05). Conclusions It is suggested that information management should be carried out for the follow-up data of type B high-risk infants, and timely analysis should be made to obtain the relevant follow-up results, which has a certain guiding role in improving the follow-up compliance, breastfeeding rate and strengthening the fine motor exercise of children with brain injury, especially the premature high-risk infants.

Key words: high-risk infants, follow-up, premature infants, Gesell Developmental Scale, breastfeeding rate