关键词: 语言发育迟缓, 临床特征, 影响因素

Abstract: Objective To investigate the clinical features and high influencing factors of language delay in children, in order to provide reference for the early detection and intervention. Methods From November 2019 to July 2020, a total of 126 children with language delay in the Department of Child Health Care, Children's Hospital of Fudan University were enrolled in case group. While 100 normally developed children who visited the hospital from May to July 2020 were selected as control group. Children in case group were assessed by Gesell test. For both groups, a self-designed questionnaire about individual information and family environment was used to collected related information, including gestational age, pregnancy interval, delivery mode, birth weight, initial walking age, main caregivers, screen time and maternal education level. Results The first visit age for 126 children with language delay was (29.2±4.5) months. The ratio of boys and girls was 2.7∶1. Developmental quotients (DQs) of language, gross motor, fine motor, adaptive and social in Gesell Development Scale were 49.9±16.3, 73.5±15.4, 72.4±18.1, 70.2±16.2 and 60.4±16.4, respectively. The ratio of the preterm birth in the case group was higher than that in the control group(χ²=4.873, P<0.05). For children in the case group, the initial walking age was later than that in the control group [(14.7±2.4) months vs. (12.6±2.0) months, t=5.766, P<0.05]. The screen time of children in case group was longer than that of the control group [(3.6±1.9) h vs. (1.20±1.0) h, t=10.587, P<0.05]. The level of maternal education of case group was lower than that of control group (t=7.973, P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the main caregiver, pregnancy interval and delivery mode between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusions Children with language delay may suffer from problems in other developmental areas as well. The longer screen time, lower maternal education and preterm birth may be the influencing factors for language delay in childhood.

Key words: language delay, clinical feature, influencing factors