儿童癫痫综合征药物治疗进展

doi:10.12092/j.issn.1009-2501.2026.02.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

癫痫是儿童神经系统最常见疾病之一，癫痫病因多种多样，发病机制复杂，通过规范的抗发作药物（antiseizure medications，ASM）治疗，目前仍有约30%的患儿为药物难治性癫痫。近几十年来，新型ASM研发取得了显著进展，但并未明显降低药物难治性癫痫患儿的比例。根据起病年龄、特征性临床和癫痫发作表现及脑电图改变，又可分为不同年龄起病的癫痫综合征，其中发育性癫痫性脑病（developmental and epileptic encephalopathy，DEE）是最严重的类型。为深入了解儿童癫痫综合征的药物治疗，本文主要聚焦儿童相对常见的几种癫痫综合征，包括Dravet综合征、婴儿癫痫性痉挛综合征、罕见的病因特异性发育性癫痫性脑病（KCNQ2、SCN2A、SCN8A和CDKL5）以及热性感染性癫痫综合征，对这些疾病的药物治疗现状及新进展进行综述，旨在为临床治疗提供参考。

关键词: 儿童, 癫痫综合征, 发育性癫痫性脑病, 抗发作药物

Abstract:

Epilepsy is one of the most prevalent neurological disorders in children. While pediatric epilepsy is characterized by a diverse range of causes and intricate pathological processes, roughly 30% of affected children exhibit resistance to existing pharmacological treatments. It can be classified into distinct epilepsy syndromes based on characteristic clinical and electroencephalographic (EEG) features. Among these, developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (DEE) represents the most severe subtype. Over recent decades, there have been significant advancements in new anti-seizure medications (ASM), yet the rate of drug-resistant epilepsy cases has not significantly declined. To systematically evaluate therapeutic strategies for pediatric epilepsy syndromes, this review primarily focuses on several relatively common pediatric epilepsy syndromes, including Dravet syndrome, infantile epileptic spasm syndrome (IESS), as well as rare etiology-specific DEEs (e.g. KCNQ2-, SCN2A-, SCN8A-, and CDKL5-related DEE), and febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome (FIRES). We summarize current pharmacological management and emerging therapeutic advances in these conditions, aiming to support evidence-based clinical decisions.

Key words: pediatric, epilepsy syndromes, developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (DEE), antiseizure medications

中图分类号:

R742.1

王天爽, 王新华, 周渊峰. 儿童癫痫综合征药物治疗进展[J]. 中国临床药理学与治疗学, 2026, 31(2): 154-161.

Tianshuang WANG, Xinhua WANG, Yuanfeng ZHOU. Advances in pharmacotherapy for pediatric epilepsy syndromes[J]. Chinese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 2026, 31(2): 154-161.

图/表 1

图 1 癫痫综合征中抗发作药物的治疗靶点 ●代表传统ASM，★代表新型药物或研究中的药物。ASM：antiseizure medications，抗发作药物；DEE：developmental and epileptic encephalopathy，发育性癫痫性脑病；FIRES：Febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome，热性感染性癫痫综合征；GOF：Gain of function，功能获得性；LOF：loss of function，功能缺失性；VPA：valproate，丙戊酸；VGB：vigabatrin，氨己烯酸；CLB：clobazam，氯巴占；TSC：tuberous sclerosis，结节性硬化症；KD：ketogenic diet，生酮饮食；ACTH：adrenocorticotrophic hormone，促肾上腺皮质激素；CBD：cannabidiol，大麻二酚；ZNS：zonisamide，唑尼沙胺。

Fig.1 Molecular targets of ASMs in epilepsy syndromes

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