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中国临床药理学与治疗学 ›› 2024, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (7): 744-751.doi: 10.12092/j.issn.1009-2501.2024.07.003

• 生物类似药研发与临床个体化使用最新进展 • 上一篇    下一篇

小剂量利妥昔单抗改善早期中高风险膜性肾病疾病进展:一项探索性研究

徐秋郁,艾三喜,王淦淦,贾淳钰,王佳慧,郑可,秦岩,陈罡,李雪梅   

  1. 中国医学科学院北京协和医学院北京协和医院肾内科,北京  100730
  • 收稿日期:2024-02-18 修回日期:2024-02-22 出版日期:2024-07-26 发布日期:2024-06-24
  • 通讯作者: 陈罡,男,副教授,研究方向:膜性肾病诊治、脂蛋白肾病、糖尿病肾病和肥胖相关肾脏疾病。 E-mail: ChenGang@pumch.cn
  • 作者简介:徐秋郁,女,博士研究生,研究方向:代谢相关肾脏疾病的基础与临床研究。 E-mail: monnica.xu@gmail.com
  • 基金资助:
    北京协和医院中央高水平医院临床科研专项(2022-PUMCH-B-020);默克-白求恩公益基金会糖尿病中青年医师研究(J202103E006)

Low-dose rituximab improves progression in early-stage medium-to-high-risk membranous nephropathy: an exploratory study

XU Qiuyu, AI Sanxi, WANG Gangan, JIA Chunyu, WANG Jiahui, ZHENG Ke, QIN Yan, CHEN Gang, LI Xuemei   

  1. Department of Nephrology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
  • Received:2024-02-18 Revised:2024-02-22 Online:2024-07-26 Published:2024-06-24

摘要:

膜性肾病(membranous nephropathy,MN)是成人原发性肾病综合征(nephrotic syndrome,NS)最常见的病因,近年来研究发现PLA2R是MN的关键致病靶抗原,且其发现给利妥昔单抗(rituximab,RTX)等靶向B细胞的治疗提供了理论基础,然而针对抗体的早期干预是否能有效地阻止MN的进展仍有待进一步探索。我们系统分析了2019年10月至2023年3月在我中心接受RTX治疗的13例PLA2R抗体相关早期中高危MN患者的临床特征和随访。早期中高危MN定义为基线或入院时抗PLA2R抗体滴度超过50 RU/mL,但尚未出现NS状态。患者在基线评估中位时间4.1个月(IQR 1-7.7)启动RTX治疗,此后中位随访时间为27个月(IQR 23-45),期间均未发展至NS,12例(92.3%)在随访2年或末次随访时评估为完全或部分缓解。随访期间未发生死亡、严重感染或其他严重不良反应。RTX对早期中高危MN患者具有良好的疗效和安全性,适时启动抗体清除治疗可能有利于长期疾病控制和远期肾脏预后。

关键词: 特发性膜性肾病, 成人肾病综合征, B细胞耗竭疗法, 抗CD20单抗, 抗M型磷脂酶A2受体抗体

Abstract:

Membranous nephropathy (MN) is the predominant cause of primary nephrotic syndrome (NS) among adults. The identification of PLA2R as target antigen has brought about a profound transformation in the management of MN, offering a basis for the utilization of B-cell depleting agents such as rituximab (RTX). The question of whether early intervention targeting antibodies can effectively impede the progression of MN, contributing to enhanced disease control and long-term renal outcomes for patients, remains further exploration. We analyzed demographic data, laboratory parameters, and renal involvement in 13 patients with PLA2R antibody-related MN who received at least one RTX treatment at our center from October 2019 to March 2023. Early-stage medium-to-high-risk MN was defined as baseline or admission anti-PLA2R antibody levels exceeding 50 RU/mL, excluding patients who already presented with nephrotic syndrome at baseline. The median duration of MN at the initiation of the first RTX treatment was 4.1 months (IQR 1-7.7), and the median follow-up time after RTX therapy was 27 months (IQR 23-45). All patients had commenced renin-angiotensin system inhibitors before receiving RTX. Following RTX therapy, none of the 13 patients progressed to NS during the follow-up period, and 12 patients achieved complete or partial remission at the 2-year follow-up or the last visit. No deaths, severe infections, or other serious adverse reactions occurred during the follow-up period. In conclusion, RTX demonstrates favorable efficacy and safety in early-stage, medium-to-high-risk MN patients. Initiating antibody clearance therapy in these patients may be beneficial for long-term disease control and distant renal outcomes.

Key words: idiopathic membranous nephropathy, adult nephrotic syndrome, B cell depletion therapy, anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody, anti-M-type phospholipase A2 receptor antibody

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