上海市10~11岁学生贫血现状分析

中国儿童保健杂志 ›› 2011, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (6): 549-552.

上海市10~11岁学生贫血现状分析

李锋^*,陈文娟,江帆,金星明,沈晓明

上海交通大学医学院附属上海儿童医学中心发育行为儿科上海市环境与儿童健康重点实验室,上海 200127

收稿日期:2011-03-23 发布日期:2011-06-06 出版日期:2011-06-06
通讯作者: 江帆,E-mail:fanjiang@shsmu.edu.cn(注:^*现工作单位为上海交通大学医学院附属新华医院儿童与青少年保健科。)
作者简介:李锋(1982-),男,山东人,医师,硕士学位,主要研究方向为儿童保健方向
基金资助:
科技部973培育计划(2010CB535000);国家自然科学基金(30500410);上海市科委启明星人才培养计划(10QA1404800);上海市环境与儿童健康重点实验室(10DZ2272200,09DZ2200900)

Prevalence of anemia among student aged 10~11 years in Shanghai

LI Feng, CHEN Wen-juan, JIANG Fan, JIN Xing-ming, SHEN Xiao-ming

Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Shanghai Children's Medical Center Affiliated Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China

Received:2011-03-23 Online:2011-06-06 Published:2011-06-06

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】了解上海市10～11岁小学生的贫血状况及其影响因素,提出改进措施。【方法】采用分级整群随机抽样,按照“区-学校-年级”的抽样技术路线,在上海市逐级抽取样本。共10个区,每个区1所小学,每所学校抽取5年级全部学生进行调查。最终对1 675名10～11岁学生进行了问卷调查和贫血筛检。【结果】上海市10～11岁小学生贫血患病率为2.7％(男2.5％、女3.0％)。男女之间贫血患病率差异无统计学意义(χ²=1.080,P=0.583),市区和郊区贫血发生率差异有统计学意义(χ²=4.969,P=0.026)。父亲经常吸烟学生贫血患病率高于父亲未经常吸烟学生贫血患病率,差异有统计学意义(χ²=5.359,P=0.021)。多因素Logistic分析其影响因素为食欲差、其父亲经常吸烟、非市区。【结论】贫血问题在上海市小学生中依然存在,应在小学及家长中全面开展有关营养与饮食卫生的健康教育,为其创造良好的生活学习环境。

关键词: 贫血, 少年儿童, Logistic模型

Abstract: 【Objective】 To assess current anemia prevalence and related factors of students aged 10～11 years in primary schools of Shanghai. 【Methods】 Using multi-stage cluster sampling, the sample was selected in accordance with the "District-School-Grade" line of the sampling technique in shanghai. A total of 10 primary schools from 10 districts were selected. In each primary school, all the students of Grade 5 were selected. Finally, 1 675 children aged 10～11 years were investigated by using health questionnaire survey and anemia screening according to WHO criteria. Logistic regression and correlate analysis were used to study the risk factors. 【Results】 The rate of anemia was 2.7％(2.5% in male, 3.0% in female). There was no significant difference between the prevalence of anemia in boys and that in girls(χ²=1.080,P=0.583). There was statistically significant difference between the prevalence rate of anemia in urban students and that in non-urban students, the prevalence of anemia in group of non-urban students was higher(χ²=4.969,P=0.026). There were statistically significant difference between the prevalence rate of anemia in students whose father often smoked and that of children whose father did not, the prevalence rate of anemia in students whose father often smoked was higher(χ²=5.359,P=0.021). It was revealed by Logistic regression analysis that the risk factors of anemia were poor appetite, students whose father often smoked and students from non-urban districts. 【Conclusions】 Anemia exist among students aged 10~11 years in Shanghai. It is necessary to provide healthy knowledge to children and their parents, providing good environment for the children.

Key words: anemia, adolescent students, Logistic model

中图分类号:

R179

李锋,陈文娟,江帆,金星明,沈晓明. 上海市10~11岁学生贫血现状分析[J]. 中国儿童保健杂志, 2011, 19(6): 549-552.

LI Feng, CHEN Wen-juan, JIANG Fan, JIN Xing-ming, SHEN Xiao-ming. Prevalence of anemia among student aged 10~11 years in Shanghai[J]. journal1, 2011, 19(6): 549-552.

参考文献

[1] Ouedraogo HZ, Dramaix-Wilmet M, Zeba AN, et al. Effect of iron or multiple micronutrient supplements on the prevalence of anaemia among anaemic young children of a malaria-endemic area: a randomized double-blind trial[J]. Trop Med Int Health,2008,13(10):1257-1266.
[2] 季成叶,廖文科,张芯,等.中国学生贫血状况的动态观察[J].中华预防医学杂志,2002,36(2):81-83.
[3] Agaoglu L, Torun O, Unuvar E, et al. Effects of iron deficiency anemia on cognitive function in children[J]. Arzneimittel Forschung,2007,57(6A):426-430.
[4] McCann JC, Ames BN. An overview of evidence for a causal relation between iron deficiency during development and deficits in cognitive or behavioral function[J]. Am J Clin Nutr,2007,85(4):931-945.
[5] Clark SF. Iron deficiency anemia[J]. Nutr Clin Pract,2008,23(2):128-141.
[6] Halterman JS, Kaczorowski JM, Aligne CA, et al. Iron deficiency and cognitive achievement among school-aged children and adolescents in the United States[J]. Pediatrics,2001,107(6):1381-1386.
[7] Kemmer TM, Novotny R, Gerber AS, et al. Anaemia, its correlation with overweight and growth patterns in children aged 5~10 years living in American Samoa[J]. Public Health Nutr,2009,12(5):660-666.
[8] Tao M, Pelletier DL, Miller DD. The potential effect of iron defortification on iron-deficiency anaemia in the US population[J]. Public Health Nutr,2007,10(11):1266-1273.
[9] 王惠群,孙建琴,沈莉,等.上海市948名中小学生贫血现况及其相关因素[J].中国学校卫生,2003,24(6):563-564.
[10] Mason J, Rivers J, Helwig C. Recent trends in malnutrition in developing regions: vitamin A deficiency, anemia, iodine deficiency, and child underweight[J]. Food Nutr Bull,2005,26(1):57-62.
[11] 沈晓明,王卫平.儿科学[M].7版.北京:人民卫生出版社,2008:349-352.
[12] 李辉,季成叶,宗心南,等.中国0~18岁儿童、青少年体块指数的生长曲线[J].中华儿科杂志,2009,47(7):493-498.
[13] 施爱珍,刘弘,邹淑蓉,等.上海市中小学生和妇女贫血状况调查[J].上海预防医学,2005,17(5):229-229,244.
[14] 沈文娟,徐建兴.健康教育对控制中学生贫血的效果评价[J].中国学校卫生,2002,23(6):515-516.
[15] Tympa-Psirropoulou E, Vagenas C, Psirropoulos D, et al. Nutritional risk factors for iron-deficiency anaemia in children 12~24 months old in the area of Thessalia in Greece[J]. Int J Food Sci Nutr,2005,56(1):1-12.
[16] Hong R, Betancourt JA, Ruiz-Beltran M. Passive smoking as a risk factor of anemia in young children aged 0~35 months in Jordan[J]. BMC Pediatr,2007,7(1):16-20.
[17] Bodnar LM, Siega-Riz AM, Arab L, et al. Predictors of pregnancy and postpartum haemoglobin concentrations in low-income women[J]. Public Health Nutr,2004,7(6):701-711.
[18] Sansores RH, Pare PD, Abboud RT. Acute effect of cigarette smoking on the carbon monoxide diffusing capacity of the lung[J]. Am Rev Respir Dis,1992,146(4):951-958.