关键词: 大运动, 里程碑, 发育进程, 儿童

Abstract: Objective To investigate the population distribution of gross motor milestones in children under 3 years old in China, and to map the development process of major indicators of gross motor development, so as to provide evidence for individualized assessment and intervention for infants and toddlers. Methods From September to December 2020, a cross-sectional survey was conducted on the development of normal children aged 1 to 36 months in 30 districts/counties of 15 cities in 15 provinces (autonomous regions/municipalities) of China. The developmental process map was drawn according to 10 categories of motor abilities, including "head control", "sitting", "turning over", "crawling", "standing", "walking/running", "upper limb strength", "squatting/jumping", "walking up stairs" and "single-foot use", and the 50th percentile age of each indicator was described. Results A total of 8 010 normal children aged 1 to 36 months were included in this study. The milestone curves of gross motor development showed the achievement of 30 indicators of gross motor development in Chinese infants. The median age of "lifts head 90°(prone)" was at 3.2 months, "supine turning prone" was at 4.6 months, "sit without hand support" was at 6.3 months, "hands-and-knees crawling" was at 7.6 months, "stand alone" was at 11.4 months,"walk alone" was at 13.1 months, "run with good balance" was at 15.8 months, "balance on each foot(≥1 s)" was at 18.7 months, "jump up with both feet together" was at 20.4 months. The curves reflected the attainment of milestones at different ages and suggested that the rate of attainment of each milestone increased rapidly over a certain age range of months. For example, infants' head control ability developed mainly within 6 months of age. The rate of turning over at 3 months was less than 15%. It took a certain amount of time for infants to transform their gross motor ability and develop proficiency. The median switching time between "sit without hand support" and "stand alone" was about 5.1 months. It took about 2.2 months from "sit with support" to "sit without hand support". Conclusion The milestone curve of gross motor development reflects the development trajectory of 30 gross motor development indicators of infants in China, providing basis for clinical evaluation, early intervention and development prediction of children's health care in China.

Key words: gross motor, milestone, development process, children