沈阳市4~6岁儿童行为问题及其影响因素分析

doi:10.11852/zgetbjzz2021-0124

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的了解沈阳市4~6岁学龄前儿童行为问题现状并分析其影响因素,为儿童心理行为问题的预防提供依据。方法选取沈阳市9区18所幼儿园36个班级4~6岁儿童作为研究对象,发放基本情况调查表、困难问卷(QCD)。根据QCD问卷调查结果,将儿童分为功能受损组(QCD得分＜30分)和非功能受损组(QCD得分≥30分),针对个人和家庭因素进行单因素分析,对有差异的因素进行多因素Logistic回归分析。结果共发放问卷900份,回收877份,合格问卷834份。总体功能受损率为13.3%,其中男童功能受损率为15.1%(67/443),女童功能受损率为11.3%(44/391),男女功能受损率之比为1.34∶1。4、5、6岁功能受损率分别为17.9%、12.6%、10.7%。多因素分析显示,哀求式沟通(OR=5.878, 95%CI:1.626~21.253)、做作业时间30~60 min (OR=2.372, 95%CI:1.146~4.908)为行为问题的危险因素,年龄为5岁(OR=0.261, 95%CI: 0.137~0.497)、6岁(OR=0.522, 95%CI:0.295~0.923)、溺爱型教育(OR=0.231, 95%CI:0.068~0.783)为儿童行为问题的保护因素(P<0.05)。结论沈阳市4~6岁儿童行为问题较为严重,影响因素复杂,可提前规避相应危险因素,早期预防儿童心理行为疾病的发生。

关键词: 学龄前儿童, 行为问题, 困难问卷

Abstract: Objective To understand the current situation of behavioral problems of preschool children aged 4 to 6 years in Shenyang, and to analyze its influencing factors, so as to provide reference for preventing behavioral problems. Methods Preschool children aged 4 to 6 years in 36 classes of 18 kindergartens from 9 districts of Shenyang City were selected as the study subjects, and the basic situation questionnaire and Questionnaire-Children with Difficulties (QCD) were distributed. According to the score of QCD questionnaire, children were divided into functional impairment group (QCD＜30) and non-functional impairment group (QCD≥30). Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis was conducted for analyzing the factors associated with behavior problems. Results A total of 900 questionnaires were distributed, of which 877 were returned and 834 were qualified. The overall rate of functional impairment was 13.3%. The rate of functional impairment in boys and girls was 15.1% (67/443) and 11.3% (44/391), with the ratio of 1.34∶1. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis indicated that begging communication(OR=5.878, 95%CI:1.626 - 21.253) and homework time of 30 to 60 minutes(OR=2.372, 95%CI:1.146 - 4.908) were risk factors for children's behavioral problems, while age of 5 to 6 years old(5 years old OR=0.261, 95%CI: 0.137 - 0.497; 6 years old OR=0.522, 95%CI:0.295 - 0.923) and doting education(OR=0.231, 95%CI:0.068 - 0.783) were protective factors (P<0.05). Conclusions The behavioral problems of 4- to 6-year-old children in Shenyang are prevalent, and the influencing factors are complex. It is supposed to avoid the corresponding risk factors in advance and prevent the occurrence of children's psychological and behavioral diseases in early stage.

Key words: preschool children, behavior problems, Questionnaire-Children with Difficulties

中图分类号:

R179

袁灵皓, 魏兵, 岳小哲, 齐双辉, 王欢, 贾京晶, 廖世峨. 沈阳市4~6岁儿童行为问题及其影响因素分析[J]. 中国儿童保健杂志, 2022, 30(4): 436-440.

YUAN Ling-hao, WEI Bing, YUE Xiao-zhe, QI Shuang-hui, WANG Huan, JIA Jing-jing, LIAO Shi-e. Behavioral problems and its influencing factors of 4- to 6-year-old children in Shenyang[J]. Chinese Journal of Child Health Care, 2022, 30(4): 436-440.

参考文献

[1] 汤银霞,方红英,杨菲菲,等.父母教养方式与3～6岁儿童情绪行为的关联[J].中国学校卫生,2020,41(5):700-703.
[2] Anselmi L, Barros FC, Teodoro ML, et al. Continuity of behavioral and emotional problems from pre-school years to pre-adolescence in a developing country [J].Child Psychol Psychiatry, 2008,49(5):499-507.
[3] 邓晓苑,谢友许,林伟成,等.学龄前儿童心理行为问题与家庭教养行为关系的研究[J].中国医学创新,2015,12(19):97-99.
[4] 王海莲,冉启美,雷素姣,等.学龄前儿童行为问题与家庭环境的相关研究[J].中国妇幼卫生杂志,2018,9(4):20-23,28.
[5] 彭春燕,储长山,刘成先,等.六安市1264名学龄前儿童心理行为问题调查分析[J].中国儿童保健杂志,2018,26(7):787-789.
[6] 曾佩佩,冯玉山,曾婷,等.柳州市学龄期儿童情绪与行为问题分析[J].中国儿童保健杂志,2019,27(9):1005-1007.
[7] Sasaki Y,Usami M, Sasayama D, et al. Concerns expressed by parents of children with pervasive developmental disorders for different time periods of the day:A case-control study[J].PLoS One,2015,10(4):e0124692.
[8] Usami M, Iwadare Y, Watanabe K, et al. A case-control study of the difficulties in daily functioning experienced by children with depressive disorder[J].Affect Disord,2015,179(7):167-174.
[9] Zheng Y, Du Y, Su LY,et al. Reliability and validity of the Chinese version of Questionnaire - Children with Difficulties for Chinese children or adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder:A cross-sectional survey[J].Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat,2018,14(8):2181-2190.
[10] Usami M, Sasayama D, Sugiyama N, et al. The reliability and validity of the Questionnaire - Children with Difficulties (QCD)[J]. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health,2013,7(1):11.
[11] 张伶俐,胡小平,万孝先,等.学龄前儿童心理行为问题与家长健康素养的关系[J].中国儿童保健杂志,2020,28(5):579-582.
[12] Grazuleviciene R, Andrusaityte S, Petraviciene I, et al. Impact of psychosocial environment on young children's emotional and behavioral difficulties[J].Int J Environ Res Public Health,2017,14(10):1278.
[13] Barkmann C, Schulte-Markwort M. Emotional and behavioral problems of children and adolescents in Germany--an epidemiological screening[J].Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol,2005,40(5):357-366.
[14] Calkins S,Blandon A,Williford A, et al.Biological, behavioral, and relational levels of resilience in the context of risk for early childhood behavior problems[J].Dev Psychopathol,2007,19(3):675-700.
[15] 陶慧慧,邵婷,倪玲玲,等.母亲孕期情绪症状与学龄前儿童情绪和行为问题关系的出生队列研究[J].中华预防医学杂志,2016,50(2):129-135.
[16] Day NL, Richardson GA, Goldschmidt L, et al. Effects of prenatal tobacco exposure on preschoolers' behavior[J].Dev Behav Pediatr,2000,21(3):180-188.
[17] Moore BF, Shapiro AL,Wilkening G, et al. Prenatal exposure to tobacco and offspring neurocognitive development in the healthy start study[J]. J Pediatr,2020,218(3):28-34.
[18] Minatoya M, Araki A, Itoh S,et al. Prenatal tobacco exposure and ADHD symptoms at pre-school age:The hokkaido study on environment and children's health[J]. Environ Health Prev Med,2019,24(1):74.
[19] 汪燕妮,薛红丽,陈倩.家庭亲密度和适应性对学龄前儿童行为问题的影响[J].中国当代儿科杂志,2016,18(5):421-425.
[20] Zachrisson HD, Dearing E. Family income dynamics, early childhood education and care, and early child behavior problems in Norway[J].Child Dev,2015,86(2):425-440.
[21] Walton KM. Risk factors for behavioral and emotional difficulties in siblings of children with autism spectrum disorder[J].Am J IntellectDev Disabil,2016,121(6):533-549.