关键词: 哮喘, 流行病学调查, 患病率, 危险因素, 儿童

Abstract: Objective To understand the prevalence,risk factors and treatment of asthma in children in urban areas of Yunnan province and provide evidence for standardized diagnosis,treatment and prevention. Methods Children were selected by random cluster sampling.Standardized preliminary questionnaire was used for screening out possible patients in the survey.Diagnosis of asthma was confirmed by diagnostic criteria in suspected asthmatic children.Asthmatic children were further asked for past diagnosis and treatment with the questionnaire of asthma in children.Double entry and validation were adopted for all data and analysis were carried out using Epi-Info software. Result The total asthma incidence rate was 1.24%.In all asthmatic children,66.37% were previous diagnosed with classical asthma or cough variant asthma.Antibiotics were used in 69.64%,bronchodilators in 54.76%,inhaled corticosteroid in 60.71%.Family history of allergy,premature delivery,house decoration,tobacco smoke exposure were independent risk factors for the onset of asthma. Conclusions Compared with 10 years ago,the total asthma incidence of childhood asthma aged 0~14 year old in urban district of Yunnan Province is significantly increased.The treatment and management of asthma in children awaits improvement as well.Prevention of premature birth,reduction of indoor and outdoor pollution,timely treatment of allergic diseases and prevention of respiratory tract infections are effective ways to reduce the prevalence of asthma and prevent asthma attacks.

Key words: asthma, epidemiological survey, prevalence rate, risk factors, child