关键词: 婴儿, 早产, 营养, 体重, 宫外发育迟缓

Abstract: Objective To investigate the energy and nutrients intake as well as physical development,and to explore the characteristics of the energy and nutrients intake,and their relationships with the weight gain in preterm infants at the early period of life. Methods Clinical data of 141 preterm infants were collected,who were hospitalized in the Department of Neonatology in the First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College from January 2014 to January 2016 and were followed up for 3 months.The time for weight reaching to the birth weight and the caloric intakes reached to the reference dietary intakes (RDIs) were collected.The velocity of weight gain was calculated.The rate of intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) and extrauterine growth retardation (EUGR) were recorded.And the weight gain and incidence of EUGR were compared between preterm infants with gestational age (GA)＜34 weeks and ≥34 weeks.The feeding status and the weight,length and head circumference were recorded after discharge. Results 1) The median days of weight reaching to the birth weight were 13.2 days.The median velocity of weight gain after reaching to birth weight was 16.7g/(kg·d).The median days of caloric intakes reaching to the RDIs were 10.6 days.2) The incidence of EUGR at discharge was higher than that of IUGR during at birth (46.1% vs.17.7%, P<0.01).The incidence of EUGR at discharge in infants with GA＜34 weeks was significantly higher than that in infants with GA≥34 weeks(P<0.05).3) The incidence of EUGR between preterm infants before and after 34 weeks of GA in 141 preterm infants at the third month after discharge was not significantly different from that during hospitalization (χ²=0.05,P>0.05). The incidence of EUGR was lower in preterm infants fed by breast milk combined with human milk fortifier (HMF) or post-discharge formula(PDF) (P＜0.05).The difference on the incidence of EUGR between preterm infants before and after 34 weeks of GA in the third month after discharge was not significant (χ²=2.75,P>0.05). Conclusions Preterm infants,especially those with lower GA,are easier to suffer from EUGR and it is difficult to be solved during a short period after discharge.If the preterm infants are fed by breast milk combined with HMF or PDF,the EUGR might be improved.

Key words: infant, preterm, nutrition, weight, extrauterine growth retardation