关键词: 新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征, 肠道菌群, 短链脂肪酸, 16S rRNA测序

Abstract: Objective To analyze the characteristics of structural changes of intestinal flora in infants with neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS), in order to provide theoretical basis for the clinical application of probiotics for NRDS assisted therapy. Methods A total of 15 premature infants with NRDS who were hospitalized in the Neonatology Department of Jinan Central Hospital from January to May 2020 were selected into the NRDS group in this study. Meanwhile, 15 non-NRDS hospitalized premature infants were selected as the control group.The clinical data, blood sample, stool sample of the participants were collected. The stool DNA was extracted, high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing was conducted, and bioinformatics analysis was conducted to compare the differences of intestinal flora between the two groups. Results 1) Compared with the control group, the OTU number of intestinal flora in the NRDS group was lower in each level of bacteria classification, including species, genus, family, order, class and phylum.2) The β diversity analysis showed that there were significant differences in intestinal flora structure between NRDS group and control group. 3) At the level of "family", Enterobacteriaceae was enriched in the NRDS group (Z=2.78, P=0.009). At the level of "phylum", Firmicutes were enriched in the control group (Z=2.18, P=0.021) and Proteobacteria were enriched in the NRDS group (Z=2.02,P=0.014). Conclusions The ecological imbalance of intestinal flora is found in NRDS infants, and the richness and diversity of flora species are decreasing. The structural distribution of intestinal flora in infants with NRDS is significantly different from that of normal preterm infants.

Key words: neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, gut microbiota, short-chain fatty acids, 16S ribosomal RNA