关键词: 儿童, 体质, 身体素质, 生长发育, 体型

Abstract: Objective To analyze the results of physical fitness test of 3- to 6-year-old children for three consecutive years, and to find out the imbalance in the development of children's physical fitness, so as to provide suggestions for the development of children's physical exercise and the comprehensive improvement of preschool children's physical fitness. Methods Data of 38 kindergartens in Kunming City from 2017 to 2019 were analyzed by SPSS 20.0 statistical software.The related indexes included height,weight,10 meter turn back run, standing long jump, tennis throw, two feet continuous jump, sitting forward bending, walking balance beam eight physical fitness items, as well as three growth and development evaluation results(age-specific height, age-specific weight, height specific weight). Results The excellent rate of physical fitness increased from 32.5% in 2018 to 35.7% in 2019(χ²=62.512, P<0.05).The 0-point ratio of sitting forward flexion increased from 1.7% in 2018 to 3% in 2019.Except 10 meter turn back run, the 5-point ratio of the other five items increased by 1.8%—8.8% in 2019 compared with 2018.Compared with the six items of normal children, the average score of children with low height was 1.855 points lower (t=-16.416, P<0.05), and that of children with low weight was 1.856 points lower (t=-17.346, P<0.05).Compared with the six items of normal children, the average score of overweight children was 0.277 points lower (t=-2.798, P<0.05), the average score of emaciated children was 0.917 points lower (t=-6.073, P<0.05).The average score of obese children was 0.571 points lower (t=-5.490, P<0.05), and the average score of height abnormal children was 0.812 points higher (t=7.123, P<0.05).Moreover, in the six physical items of children with abnormal growth and development, the ratio of low score (0-2 points) of most items was higher than that of normal children. Conclusions It is supposed to emphasize children's flexibility and balance exercise, strengthen health education for parents, improve their understanding, do a good job in children's health management, prevent and early treat growth and development diseases, so as to continuously promote healthy development of physique and protect children's health.

Key words: children, physical fitness, physical quality, growth and development, somatotype