关键词: 孤独症谱系障碍, 发育性语言障碍, 全面发育迟缓, Gesell发展诊断量表, 儿童

Abstract: Objective To analyze the developmental characteristics and differences among autism spectrum disorder (ASD), developmental language disorder (DLD) and global developmental delay (GDD) by using Gesell Developmental Diagnostic Scale (GDDS), so as to provide scientific basis for early screening and differential diagnosis. Methods Clinical data of 178 children, involving 29 ASD children, 45 DLD children and 104 GDD children in the Department of Child Health care, Henan Children's Hospital from September 2021 to April 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. The developmental quotients (DQs) of the five dimensions of GDDS (gross motor, fine motor, language, adaptive behavior, personal-social behavior) of children in each group were analyzed and compared. The differences in the language development and nonverbal development levels (the average of gross motor, fine motor, adaptive behavior and personal-social behavior development) between the two groups were analyzed. Results 1) There were significant differences in the nonverbal development levels among ASD, DLD and GDD groups (H=―95.90, 38.25, ―57.65, P＜0.05), and also in the language functional area (H=―99.99, 30.89, ―69.11, P＜0.05). 2) There were significant differences in the DQs of language, personal-social behavior and gross motor development among ASD, DLD and GDD children (H=82.438, 51.156; 160.045, 65.098; 322.038, 210.908, P＜0.001). There were no significant differences among the DQs of fine motor, adaptive and gross motor in ASD and DLD groups (P>0.05). But there was a significant difference between the DQs of fine motor, adaptive and gross motor functional area in GDD groups (H=119.975, 63.621, P＜0.05). There was no significant difference between the DQs of language and personal-social dimension in ASD children(P＞0.05), but in the DLD group the difference was significant (H=-94.946, P＜0.001). Conclusions Children with ASD, DLD and GDD all have unbalanced development, with significant differences in GDDS dimensions in the different disease categories.The level of language development and nonverbal development of ASD children significantly lag behind GDD and DLD children. GDDS can be used to assess speech-related developmental disorders, and is helpful to facilitate the early identification and differential diagnosis of these disorders.

Key words: autism spectrum disorder, developmental language disorder, global development delay, Gesell Developmental Diagnosis Scale, children