Abstract: Objective To understand the present situation of infantile eczema,and to explore the influencing factors of infantile eczema. Methods According to the principle of "informed consent and voluntary",a total of 1 135 infants,at the age of 1 month,6 months and 12 months,were selected randomly from Suzhou Municipal Hospital from March to September 2016.The questionnaires were conducted to infants′ parents,recording the potential related factors of infantile eczema.Chi-square test and Logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the related factors of infantile eczema. Results 1) The prevalence rates of infantile eczema at the age of 1 month,6 months and 12 months old were 59.1%,41.7% and 19.8% respectively with significant difference(P<0.05).2) Single factor analysis showed that infantile eczema was related to feeding pattern,baby care products and outdoor activity time (P＜0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that artificial feeding (OR=2.695,95% CI:1.826-3.976) and mixed feeding (OR=1.530,95% CI:1.179-1.986) were risk factors of infantile eczema(P<0.01).Outdoor activities for 1 to 2 hours (OR=0.475,95% CI:0.343-0.658),outdoor activities for more than 2 hours (OR=0.273,95% CI:0.162-0.460) and the use of baby care products (OR=0.755,95% CI:0.592-0.964) were protective factors of infantile eczema(P<0.05). Conclusions 1) The prevalence of infantile eczema decreases with age,and the balance of Th1/Th2 tends to ease eczema.2) Breastfeeding,appropriate outdoor activities and usage of proper baby care products may reduce the occurrence of infantile eczema.

Key words: infantileeczema, prevalencerate, breastfeeding

摘要： 目的 了解婴儿湿疹的现状,分析婴儿湿疹的影响因素。方法 按照“知情同意、自愿参加”原则,在2016年3-9月期间,以苏州市立医院儿童保健科门诊的体检婴儿作为研究对象,随机选择1、6、12月龄的婴儿共计1 135名,由医生对其家长进行湿疹相关因素问卷调查,并对婴儿湿疹进行诊断,应用χ²检验和Logistic回归模型分析婴儿湿疹的相关因素。结果 1)1、6、12月龄婴儿的湿疹现患率分别为59.1%、41.7%和19.8%,不同年龄的患病率差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。2)经过单因素分析筛选,与婴儿湿疹发生相关的因素主要有喂养方式、沐浴及润肤产品的使用情况,外出户外活动时间的长短(P＜0.05);经Logistic回归模型分析后表明,人工喂养(OR=2.695,95%CI:1.826~3.976)和混合喂养(OR=1.530,95%CI:1.179~1.986)是湿疹发生的危险因素(P<0.01),户外活动1~2 h(OR=0.475,95%CI:0.343~0.658)、户外活动＞2 h(OR=0.273,95%CI:0.162~0.460)以及使用洗护用品(OR=0.755,95%CI:0.592~0.964)为湿疹发生的保护因素(P<0.05)。结论 1)婴儿的湿疹发生率随着年龄增长而降低,由于Th1/Th2免疫趋于平衡,湿疹逐渐趋于缓解消退。2)母乳喂养是降低婴儿湿疹的有利因素,而适当的户外活动和沐浴润肤用品的使用,可减少或缓解湿疹发生。

关键词: 婴儿湿疹, 现患率, 母乳喂养