Abstract: Objective To understand the status of responsive feeding of preterm infants during food conversion period,in order to provide theoretical evidence for the appropriate and scientific feeding. Methods Totally 268 preterm infants aged 18 months (including 60 high-risk infants,55 moderate-risk infants and 153 low-risk infants) were recalled for the study from January to December 2018.And 117 full-term infants in the meantime were chosen as control.A retrospective survey was conducted,and the data were analyzed by chi-square test or one-way analysis of variance. Results 1) The proportion of adverse feeding behaviors in preterm infants was higher than that in full-term infants.Among three feeding behaviors,mixed feeding behavior accounted for the highest proportion.Weight and height under adverse feeding behavior were lower than those under good feeding behavior at the age of 18 months.2) Preterm infants had more complementary meals than full-term infants at the corrected age of 4-5 months old and 6 months old (F=75.86,26.75,P<0.05),and totally 35.4% of them did not follow the recommended time to arrange complementary meals.3) The proportion of feeding difficulty in preterm infants was significantly higher than that of full-term infants (46.6% vs.35.0%,P<0.05). Conclusion Preterm infants are prone to suffering from adverse feeding behaviors,inappropriate complementary meal arrangements and feeding difficulty during food conversion period.

Key words: preterm, responsive feeding, feeding behavior, complementary food arrangement, feeding difficulty

摘要： 目的 了解早产儿食物转换期顺应喂养的情况,为早产儿合理科学喂养提供理论依据。 方法 采用回顾性调查方法,于2018年1-12月电话召回未纠正月龄18月龄早产儿268例(其中重度高危儿60例,中度高危儿55例,轻度高危儿153例),选取足月儿117例作为对照。所得结果计数资料采用χ²检验,计量资料采用单因素方差分析。 结果 1)早产儿不良喂养行为比例高于足月儿;三种喂养行为中,混合喂养行为占比最高;18月龄时不良喂养行为下的体重、身高低于良好喂养行为。2)早产儿纠正4~5月龄及6月龄时的辅食餐多于足月儿(F＝75.86,26.75,P<0.05),最终有35.4%未依从指南安排辅食餐时间。3)早产儿喂养困难比例高于足月儿(46.6% vs.35.0%,P<0.05)。 结论 早产儿在食物转换期更容易遭受不良喂养行为和不恰当辅食餐次安排,更容易发生喂养困难。

关键词: 早产儿, 顺应喂养, 喂养行为, 辅食安排, 喂养困难