Research on emotional and behavioral problems of older children fromthe perspective of family ecosystem

doi:10.11852/zgetbjzz2020-1788

Abstract

Abstract: Objective To study the emotional and behavioral problems of older children in two-child families, and to analyze the influencing factors within the family ecosystem. Methods From April to July, 2020, 538 older children in Shangqiu city, Henan Province were selected as the participants. The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), Children's Parenting Style Questionnaire and Family Intimacy and Adaptability Scale were used to conduct the survey. Results The abnormal detection rate of emotional and behavioral difficulties was 15.1% (81/538). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the age gap of 8 to 13 years old (OR=2.406, 95%CI:1.159-4.995), competitive sibling relationship (OR=4.773, 95%CI:1.933-11.785), overprotection of parents (OR=2.821, 95%CI:1.076-7.392)/(OR=4.113,95%CI:1.903-8.890), fathers' rejection (OR=3.215, 95%CI:1.324-7.807), and regular families (OR=4.055, 95%CI:1.312-12.533) significantly increased the risk of emotional and behavioral problems in middle and older children. Compared with temperament of depression, the risk of emotional and behavioral problems in the children of other temperament types was significantly reduced (OR=0.227, 0.228, 0.230, 95%CI:0.073-0.707, 0.069-0.754, 0.071-0.744). And the risk of emotional and behavioral problems in the children of other high-income families was significantly reduced (OR=0.272, 0.334, 0.133, 0.228, 95%CI:0.095-0.778, 0.119-0.939, 0.035-0.501,0.056-0.924) compared with the children in low-income families (monthly income < 2 000 yuan). Conclusions The emotional and behavioral problems of the older children in the two-child family are more prevalent than those of the children and adolescents at the same time. Therefore, attention should be paid to the older children in the two-child family, and targeted interventions should be conducted according to different characteristics of individuals.

Key words: two-child family, older children, emotions, behavior, home ecosystem

摘要： 目的研究二孩家庭中长子女情绪和行为问题现状,并在家庭生态系统内分析其影响因素。方法于2020年4-7月在河南省商丘市选取538名长子女为研究对象,采用长处和困难问卷、儿童版父母教养方式问卷以及家庭亲密度和适应性量表进行调查。结果长子女情绪和行为困难总分异常检出率为15.1%(81/538),多因素Logistic回归分析显示,8~13岁的年龄差(OR=2.406,95% CI:1.159～4.995),竞争的同胞关系(OR=4.773,95% CI:1.933～11.785),父/母亲过度保护(OR=2.821,95% CI:1.076～7.392)/(OR=4.113,95% CI:1.903～8.890)、父亲拒绝(OR=3.215,95% CI:1.324～7.807)的教养方式,以及规律型家庭(OR=4.055,95% CI:1.312～12.533)中长子女情绪行为异常风险显著升高;而相较于抑郁质,其他气质类型长子女情绪行为异常风险显著降低(OR=0.227、0.228、0.230,95% CI:0.073～0.707、0.069～0.754、0.071～0.744),相较于低收入家庭(月收入＜2 000元),其他高收入家庭长子女情绪行为异常风险显著降低(OR=0.272、0.334、0.133、0.228;95% CI:0.095～0.778、0.119～0.939、0.035～0.501,0.056～0.924)。结论二孩家庭中长子女情绪行为问题高于同期儿童青少年水平,需关注二孩家庭中的长子女,根据不同特征的个体进行针对性的干预。

关键词: 二孩家庭, 长子女, 情绪, 行为, 家庭生态系统

CLC Number:

:B844.2

JIN Meng, YANG Si-yu, TIAN Pu, HUANG Ya-qin, ZHOU Le-shan. Research on emotional and behavioral problems of older children fromthe perspective of family ecosystem[J]. Chinese Journal of Child Health Care, 2021, 29(6): 614-618.

金梦, 杨斯钰, 田朴, 黄亚芹, 周乐山. 家庭生态系统视角下长子女情绪和行为问题研究[J]. 中国儿童保健杂志, 2021, 29(6): 614-618.

References

[1] 石人炳, 陈宁, 郑淇予. 中国生育政策调整效果评估[J]. 中国人口科学, 2018,38(4):114-125.
[2] 李伟婧. 小组工作缓解二胎家庭“长子女”情绪焦虑问题研究[D]. 沈阳:辽宁大学, 2019.
[3] 张银霞. 少年儿童的情绪行为与家庭环境之间关系的研究[D]. 天津:天津理工大学, 2015.
[4] 席居哲. 儿童心理健康发展的家庭生态系统研究[D]. 上海:华东师范大学, 2003.
[5] Goodman R.The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire:a resarch note[J].J Child Psychol Psyc,1997,38(5):581-586.
[6] 王美芳,牛骅,赵晓.儿童版父母教养方式问卷的修订[J].中国临床心理学杂志,2018,26(1):6-11.
[7] 张赛,路孝琴,杜蕾,等,家庭功能评价工具家庭亲密度和适应性量表的发展及其应用研究[J].中国全科医学,2010,13(7):725-728.
[8] 黄韵如, 晏强, 李远艺, 等. 长沙市737名6～17岁中小学生长处和困难问卷调查分析[J]. 中南大学学报(医学版), 2012,37(8):860-864.
[9] 曾佩佩, 冯玉山, 曾婷, 等. 柳州市学龄期儿童情绪与行为问题分析[J]. 中国儿童保健杂志, 2019,27(9):1005-1007.
[10] 陈奇,丁可,陆怀初,等.中小学生心理与行为问题现况调查[J].浙江预防医学, 2013,25(10):30-33.
[11] 栾风焕, 杜亚松, 江文庆, 等. 上海市区学龄期儿童情绪和行为问题及其影响因素研究[J]. 中国儿童保健杂志, 2018,26(2):137-140.
[12] Abulizi X, Pryor L, Michel G, et al. Temperament in infancy and behavioral and emotional problems at age 5.5:The EDEN mother-child cohort[J]. PLoS One, 2017,12(2):e0171971.
[13] Song JH, Volling BL. Coparenting and children's temperament predict firstborns' cooperation in the care of an infant sibling.[J]. J Fam Psychol, 2015,29(1):130-135.
[14] 陈斌斌, 赵语, 韩雯, 等. 手足之情:同胞关系的类型、影响因素及对儿童发展的作用机制[J]. 心理科学进展, 2017,25(12):2168-2178.
[15] Chris R, Fraley, Caroline M, et al. Twin and sibling attachment in a nationally representative sample[J]. Pers Soc Psychol B, 2012,38(3):308-316.
[16] Keeton CP,Teetsel RN,Dull NMS,et al. Parent psychopathology and children's psychological NMS,health:moderation by sibling relationship dimensions[J]. J Abnorm Child Psych,2015,43(7):1333-1342.
[17] Masud H, Shakil AM, Cho KW, et al. Parenting styles and aggression among young adolescents:a systematic review of literature [J].Community Ment Hlt J,2019,55(6):1015-1030.
[18] Stilwell BM, Thomas CR. Empathy and moral development:implications for caring and justice.[J]. J Am Acad Child Psy, 2001,40(5):614-615.
[19] 汪燕妮, 薛红丽, 陈倩. 家庭亲密度和适应性对学龄前儿童行为问题的影响[J]. 中国当代儿科杂志, 2016,18(5):421-425.
[20] 陈羽双, 周乐山. 学龄前儿童家长亲职压力的现状及其影响因素[J]. 解放军护理杂志, 2018,35(2):34-38.
[21] Drake KL, Ginsburg GS. Family factors in the development, treatment, and prevention of childhood anxiety disorders[J]. Clin Child Fam Psych, 2012,15(2):144-162.