Abstract: Objective To analyze the differences between the deaths of children under 5 years old in China and Russia from 1990 to 2017, so as to provide basis for promoting the joint prevention and treatment cooperation between children under 5 years old. Methods Report data on mortality of children under 5 years of age from 1990 to 2017 were extracted from the World Bank database,and report data on death rate by cause of death from 2000 to 2017 were collected from the World Health Organization database.Pearson analysis was used to analyze the trend of mortality in the two countries over time, χ² test was used to examine the difference in annual mortality and cause-specific mortality between China and Russia. Results From 1990 to 2017,both China and Russia's under-five mortality rate and gender mortality rate showed a downward trend(P<0.05),but decline rate of children in China was faster than that of Russia. China's injuries,childbirth injuries and suffocation,acute lower respiratory tract infections,and other infections,perinatal and nutritional status deaths accounted for higher proportions than Russia,while Russia's deaths from premature birth,congenital anomalies,and other non-communicable diseases accounted for higher proportions than China.However,the decline was lower than that in China,and since 2004 the top two causes of death in both countries have been premature birth and congenital abnormalities.The annual HIV/AIDS mortality rate in Russia was higher than that in China(P<0.05).Since 2010,the HIV/AIDS mortality rate and the proportion of death causes have increased,with an average annual growth rate of 16.54%. Conclusions Over the past 28 years,China and Russia have achieved remarkable results in reducing the deaths of children under 5 years old.Compared with Russia,China has a large proportion of infectious and traumatic diseases,and the rapid decline may be the main reason for the rapid decline in the mortality rate of children under 5 years old.Further reducing premature birth and congenital abnormal deaths is the key to decreasing the mortality rate of children under 5 in both countries.Crucially,Russia should also pay attention to HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment for pregnant women.

Key words: under-5 mortality rate, China, Russia, the belt and road

摘要： 目的 比较中国和俄罗斯1990-2017年5岁以下儿童死亡情况,为推进两国5岁以下儿童死亡的共同防治合作提供依据。方法 从世界银行数据库收集1990-2017年 5 岁以下儿童死亡率报告数据,世界卫生组织数据库收集2000-2017年死因别死亡率数报告数据,Pearson相关分析两国死亡率随时间的变化趋势,χ²检验中国和俄罗斯两国每年死亡率及死因别死亡率差异。结果 1990-2017年中国和俄罗斯5岁以下儿童死亡率、性别死亡率均呈下降趋势(P<0.05),但中国下降速度均快于俄罗斯。中国的伤害、分娩损伤与窒息、急性下呼吸道感染、其他传染,围生期和营养状况死亡占比高于俄罗斯,而俄罗斯早产、先天性异常、其他非传染性疾病死亡占比高于中国,但降幅均低于中国,并且从2004年起两国前两位死因均为早产和先天性异常。俄罗斯每年艾滋病(HIV/AIDS)死亡率均高于中国(P<0.05),并自2010年HIV/AIDS死亡率和死因构成比开始上升,年平均增长速度16.54%。结论 28年间中国和俄罗斯两国在降低5岁以下儿童死亡方面取得显著效果。与俄罗斯相比,中国感染性、损伤性疾病占比大、降幅快可能是5岁以下儿童死亡率快速下降主要原因;进一步降低早产和先天性异常死亡是降低两国5岁以下儿童死亡率的关键,同时俄罗斯还应该重视针对孕产妇HIV/AIDS防治。

关键词: 5岁以下儿童死亡率, 中国, 俄罗斯, 一带一路