Characteristics of intestinal flora in infants aged 0 to 36 months in Beijing

doi:10.11852/zgetbjzz2021-1686

Abstract

Abstract: Objective To understand the changing characteristics of the intestinal flora of infants aged 0 to 36 months, and to explore the effect of exclusive breastfeeding on the colonization of intestinal flora from 0 to 36 months of age. Methods From January to April 2021, 291 healthy singleton infants and toddlers aged 0 to 36 months were enrolled in this study, and their fresh stools were collected in Haidian, Changping and Tongzhou districts of Beijing.The 77 infants aged 6 to 36 months were divided into the continuous breastfeeding group and the weaned group according to whether they were exclusive breastfeeding or not, then the effect of exclusive breastfeeding on the subsequent intestinal flora was analyzed.The 16S rRNA V4 region was sequenced using Illumina Novaseq 6000 sequencing platform. Results 1) The diversity and species composition of intestinal flora in infants changed with age, and Shannon index showed an increasing trend with age.At the phylum level, the intestinal flora was mainly composed of Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes.The abundance of Proteobacteria was the highest in newborns, but Firmicutes gradually replaced Proteobacteria as the dominant bacteria with the increase of age.2) If infants were exclusively breastfed before 6 months old, then the Shannon index and Observed-OTUs index after weaning of infants aged 6 to 36 months were higher than those continuously breastfed (Z=-2.400, P=0.015).Among weaned infants aged 6 to 36 months, the Shannon index of intestinal flora was higher in infants exclusively breastfed before 6 months old than that in infants mixed-fed before 6 months old (Z=-2.500, P=0.011). Conclusion The diversity and composition of the intestinal flora of infants vary significantly with age, and whether exclusive breastfeeding at 0 to 6 months old affects the diversity of intestinal flora in infants.

Key words: intestinal flora, high-throughput sequencing, exclusive breastfeeding, infants

摘要： 目的了解0~36月龄婴幼儿肠道菌群的变化特点以及0～6月龄是否纯母乳喂养对肠道菌群定植的影响。方法于2021年1—4月,在北京市海淀区、昌平区及通州区招募0~36月龄健康单胎婴幼儿并收集新鲜粪便,最终纳入291例婴幼儿作为研究对象,并将77例6～36月龄的婴幼儿按照目前是否仍喂养母乳分为持续母乳喂养组和已断奶组,分析0～6月龄是否纯母乳喂养对肠道菌群的影响。利用Illumina Novaseq 6000测序平台对16S rRNA V4区进行测序。结果 1)婴幼儿肠道菌群的多样性和物种组成随年龄变化,Shannon指数随月龄呈现上升趋势。在门水平上,肠道菌群主要由变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)及拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)组成,新生儿中变形菌门丰富度最高,但随着月龄增加,厚壁菌逐渐替代变形菌成为主要优势菌。2) 在6～36月龄的婴幼儿中,若6月龄之前的喂养方式均为纯母乳喂养,那么断奶之后Shannon指数和Observed-OTUs指数高于持续母乳喂养的婴幼儿(Z=-2.400, P=0.015);在6～36月龄已断奶的婴幼儿中,6月龄之前纯母乳喂养婴幼儿肠道菌群的Shannon指数高于混合喂养(Z=-2.500, 杜拉拉P=0.011)。结论婴幼儿肠道菌群多样性及构成随月龄变化明显,并且0～6月龄是否纯母乳喂养影响婴幼儿肠道菌群的多样性。

关键词: 肠道菌群, 高通量测序, 纯母乳喂养, 婴幼儿

CLC Number:

R174

YU Xiao-ran^*, YAN Yin-kun^*, HUANG Yi-wen, CHENG Hong, YAN Qi, WAN Nai-jun, LI Li-hua, REN Xia, XIE Xiang-hui, MI Jie. Characteristics of intestinal flora in infants aged 0 to 36 months in Beijing[J]. Chinese Journal of Child Health Care, 2022, 30(2): 124-129.

于晓冉, 闫银坤, 黄艺文, 程红, 闫琦, 万乃君, 李丽华, 任霞, 谢向晖, 米杰. 北京市0~36月龄婴幼儿肠道菌群特点[J]. 中国儿童保健杂志, 2022, 30(2): 124-129.

References

[1] Lozupone CA, Stombaugh JI, Gordon JI, et al.Diversity, stability and resilience of the human gut microbiota[J].Nature,2012, 489 (7415): 220-230.
[2] Jandhyala SM, Talukdar R, Subramanyam C, et al.Role of the normal gut microbiota[J].World J Gastroenterol,2015, 21 (29): 8787-8803.
[3] Odamaki T, Kato K, Sugahara H, et al.Age-related changes in gut microbiota composition from newborn to centenarian: a cross-sectional study[J].BMC Microbiol,2016, 16(90):1-12.
[4] Ringel-Kulka T, Cheng J, Ringel Y, et al.Intestinal microbiota in healthy U.S.young children and adults--a high throughput microarray analysis[J].PLoS One,2013, 8 (5): e64315.
[5] Stewart CJ, Ajami NJ, O′brien JL, et al.Temporal development of the gut microbiome in early childhood from the TEDDY study[J].Nature,2018,562 (7728): 583-588.
[6] Zhang J, Guo Z, Xue Z, et al.A phylo-functional core of gut microbiota in healthy young Chinese cohorts across lifestyles, geography and ethnicities[J].ISME J,2015,9(9): 1979-1990.
[7] 杨莉, 葛武鹏, 王瑞, 等.不同月龄、性别、分娩方式对婴儿肠道菌群差异性分析[J].营养学报,2019, 41 (4): 352-357.
[8] Section on Breastfeeding.Breastfeeding and the use of human milk[J].Pediatrics,2012, 129 (3): e827-841.
[9] Institute of Medicine (US) and National Research Council Committee to Reexamine Iom Pregnancy Weight Guidelines,Rasmussen KM, Yaktine AL.Weight gain during preganacy:reexamining the guidelines[M].Washington DC:National Academies Press (US),2009.
[10] World Health Organization.WHO Child Growth Standards: Length/height-for-age, weight-for-age, weight-for-length, weight-for-height and body mass index-for-age: Methods and development[R/OL].Geneva: Switzerland.2006.http://www.who.int/childgrowth/standards/technical_report/en/index.html.
[11] 蒋子晗, 陆文伟, 史慧静, 等.孕期增重对新生儿肠道菌群定植的影响[J].中国儿童保健杂志,2020, 28 (10): 1072-1076.
[12] 丁娟, 马啸, 任志刚, 等.分娩方式对婴儿出生后一年内肠道菌群的影响[J].中国微生态学杂志,2021, 33 (6): 634-639.
[13] Wang J, Zheng J, Shi W, et al.Dysbiosis of maternal and neonatal microbiota associated with gestational diabetes mellitus[J].Gut,2018, 67 (9): 1614-1625.
[14] Wei H, Deng S, Qin Y, et al.Insight into the potential value of gut microbial signatures for prediction of gestational anemia[J].Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology,2021,11 (792):e734561.
[15] Rodriguez N, Tun HM, Field CJ, et al.Prenatal depression, breastfeeding, and infant gut microbiota[J].Frontiers in Microbiology,2021,12(1984): e664257.
[16] Martin R, Makino H, Yavuz AC, et al.Early-life events, including mode of delivery and type of feeding, siblings and gender, shape the developing gut microbiota[J].PLoS One,2016,11(6): e0158498.
[17] Zheng J, Xiao X, Zhang Q, et al.The placental microbiome varies in association with low birth weight in full-term neonates[J].Nutrients,2015,7 (8): 6924-6937.
[18] Nylund L, Satokari R, Nikkilä J, et al.Microarray analysis reveals marked intestinal microbiota aberrancy in infants having eczema compared to healthy children in at-risk for atopic disease[J].BMC Microbiol,2013,13(12):1471-2180.
[19] Fernandes MR, Ignacio A, Rodrigues VA, et al.Alterations of intestinal microbiome by antibiotic therapy in hospitalized children[J].Microb Drug Resist,2017,23(1):56-62.
[20] Yatsunenko T, Rey FE, Manary MJ, et al.Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography[J].Nature,2012, 486 (7402): 222-227.
[21] Rinninella E, Raoul P, Cintoni M, et al.What is thehealthy gut microbiota composition? A changing ecosystem across age, environment, diet, and diseases[J].Microorganisms,2019, 7 (1):e7010014.
[22] Alou MT, Lagier JC, Raoult D.Diet influence on the gut microbiota and dysbiosis related to nutritional disorders[J].Human Microbiome Journal,2016,1: 3-11.
[23] Haldor T, Hansen TH, Nielsen T, et al.Comparative studies of the gut microbiota in the offspring of mothers with and without gestational diabetes[J].Front Cell Infect Microbiol,2020.doi:10.3389/fcimb.2020.536282
[24] 李在玲, 张婷, 陈同辛,等.肠道微生态与婴幼儿免疫[J].临床儿科杂志,2020, 38 (11): 801-816.
[25] 王瑞.陕西不同月龄婴幼儿肠道菌群多样性及优势菌种群研究[D].咸阳:西北农林科技大学,2018.
[26] Fallani M, Amarri S, Uusijarvi A, et al.Determinants of the human infant intestinal microbiota after the introduction of first complementary foods in infant samples from five European centres[J].Microbiology (Reading),2011, 157 (Pt 5): 1385-1392.
[27] Koenig JE, Spor A, Scalfone N, et al.Succession of microbial consortia in the developing infant gut microbiome[J].Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A,2011, 108 (Suppl 1): 4578-4585.
[28] Vallès Y, Artacho A, Pascual-García A, et al.Microbial succession in the gut: directional trends of taxonomic and functional change in a birth cohort of Spanish infants[J].PLoS Genet,2014, 10 (6): e1004406.
[29] Lee SA, Lim JY, Kim BS, et al.Comparison of the gut microbiota profile in breast-fed and formula-fed Korean infants using pyrosequencing[J].Nutr Res Pract,2015,9 (3): 242-248.
[30] Pannaraj PS, Li F, Cerini C, et al.Association between breast milk bacterial communities and establishment and development of the infant gut microbiome[J].JAMA Pediatr,2017,171 (7): 647-654.
[31] Baranowski JR, Claud EC.Necrotizing enterocolitis and the preterm infant microbiome[J].Adv Exp Med Biol,2019,1125: 25-36.