Abstract: Objective To compare the difference in contingency discrimination training between children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and normal children, in order to provide suggestions for the intervention of ASD children. Methods A total of 22 children diagnosed with ASD in the Department of Children's Health Care of Shanghai Children's Hospital and 24 normal children matched with age and intelligence quotient (IQ) were selected into this study from July 2020 to October 2021. Children in both groups took contingency discrimination training, and the difference was compared. Results The score of positive and negative contingency discrimination training under motivational manipulation between ASD children and normal children had no significant difference (Z=1.35,1.63, P＞0.05). ASD children scored significantly lower in positive and negative contingency discrimination training with external visualization signs than normal children (Z=2.83, 5.04, P＜0.05). And for ASD children, the score of positive contingency discrimination training with external visualization signs was significantly different with that of negative contingency discrimination training with external visualization signs (Z=3.17, P＜0.05). Conclusion ASD children have lower contingency discrimination training with external visualization signs than normal children. In addition, ASD children have lower negative contingency discrimination training with external visualization signs than positive contingency discrimination training with external visualization signs. Therefore, it is recommended that training related to contingency discrimination training with external visualization signs should be added to the rehabilitation training of ASD children.

Key words: autism spectrum disorder, observational learning, contingency discrimination training

摘要： 目的 比较孤独症谱系障碍(ASD)儿童与正常儿童后效区辨能力的差异,为ASD儿童的干预提供建议。方法 纳入2020年7月—2021年10月于上海市儿童医院儿童保健科确诊的ASD儿童22名,同期纳入年龄及智商匹配的正常儿童24名。通过对两组儿童进行后效区辨能力测试,比较两者之间后效区辨能力的差异。结果 ASD儿童动机操作下的正向、负向后效区辨能力分数与正常儿童相比差异无统计学意义(Z＝1.35、1.63, P>0.05)。ASD儿童外加视化标志的正向、负向后效区辨能力分数均低于正常儿童,差异具有统计学意义(Z＝2.83、5.04, P＜0.05),且ASD儿童外加视化标志的负向后效区辨能力分数低于正向后效区辨能力分数,差异具有统计学意义(Z=3.17, P＜0.05)。结论 ASD儿童外加视化标志的后效区辨能力低于正常儿童,且ASD儿童外加视化标志的负向后效区辨能力低于外加视化标志的正向后效区辨能力,建议在ASD儿童的康复训练中增加外加视化标志的后效区辨能力相关训练。

关键词: 孤独症谱系障碍, 观察学习, 后效区辨