Abstract: Objective To analyze the physical growth and body composition in 3-year-old preterm infants, in order to provide guidance for clinical nutrition support and promoting the growth development of children. Methods Premature infants born from June 2018 to April 2019 and undergoing regular physical examination at the Children's Health Care Department of the Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University were randomly selected as the study group, while 3-year-old full-term infants who took physical examination at the same period were selected as the control group. The physical growth index and body composition index of children were measured to compare difference in the growth and body composition of preterm and full-term infants during this period. Results 1) Compared with the controls, the weight and height of premature infants were significantly lower(t=-2.36, -3.26, P＜0.05). 2) The detection rates of emaciation, overweight and obesity were not significantly different between preterm and full-term infants(χ²=5.01, P＞0.05). 3) Compared with the controls, the total body water, protein, inorganic salt and fat-free mass of premature infants were significantly lower(t=-2.70, -2.15, -2.33, -2.79, P＜0.05), but no significant difference was found in the total amount of body fat between the two groups (P>0.05). 4) BMI of premature infants were significantly lower than that of controls (t=-2.05,P=0.03), but fat mass index and body fat percentage had no difference between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusions At 3 years of age, preterm infants still lag behind full-term infants in terms of physical growth and differ from full-term infants in terms of body composition, with weight gain in preterm infants being more prominent in terms of body fat gain. Therefore, physical measurements need to be combined with body composition monitoring when assessing the growth of preterm infants to better promote healthy growth.

Key words: premature infants, physical growth, body composition

摘要： 目的 分析早产儿3周岁时体格生长及体成分情况,探讨早产儿与足月儿之间的差异,为指导早产儿临床营养支持以及促进早产儿生长提供依据。方法 随机选取2018年6月—2019年4月出生并在南京医科大学附属妇产医院儿童保健科进行定期体检的早产儿作为研究组,同时抽取同期体检的3周岁足月儿作为对照组,通过测量儿童体格生长指标及体成分指标,分析该时期早产儿与足月儿在生长、人体成分等方面的异同。结果 1)3周岁时,早产儿体重、身高较足月儿低,差异有统计学意义(t=-2.36、-3.26,P＜0.05);2)早产儿与足月儿的消瘦、超重、肥胖的检出率比较,差异无统计学意义(χ²=5.01,P＞0.05);3)早产儿身体总水分、蛋白质、无机质以及去脂体重均较足月儿低,差异有统计学意义(t=-2.70、-2.15、-2.33、-2.79,P＜0.05),而体脂肪比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);4)早产儿组BMI低于足月儿,差异有统计学意义(t=-2.05,P=0.03);而两组之间脂肪质量指数、体脂率的比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 早产儿在3周岁时体格生长仍落后于足月儿,且与足月儿在体成分上存在差异,早产儿体重的增长以体脂肪的增长更为突出。因此,在评估早产儿生长状况时,需将体格测量与体成分监测相结合,以更好地促进早产儿健康成长。

关键词: 早产儿, 体格生长, 体成分