Abstract: Objective To understand the characteristics of body composition of preschool children in Nanjing, in order to provide clues for enriching the content of children's health evaluation. Methods A total of 2 010 children aged 3 to 6 years who took physical examination in Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital from January 2020 to January 2022 were enrolled in this study. All participants were measured for height and weight, and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) was used to measure body composition. The test indicators included height, weight, body mass index(BMI), protein, inorganic, total body water(TBW), body moisture, muscle mass, skeletal muscle, body fat mass, etc. Results Body composition was related to gender. The height, weight, BMI, protein percentage, body water percentage, muscle mass percentage, lean body mass, skeletal muscle mass percentage of boys were significantly higher than those of girls, while PBF was significantly lower than that of girls (t=3.50, 3.61, 2.72, 6.97, 7.49, 7.35, 7.06, 8.32, -7.22, P＜0.05). The BMI and body fat percentage of boys and girls significantly differed among the age groups (F_BMI=23.78, 13.66, F_PBF=32.34, 9.82, P＜0.05), and all showed a trend of decreasing and then increasing with age, with the 3- and 4-year-old groups being higher than the 5-year-old group and the 6-year-old group being higher than the 5-year-old group. The height and weight of preschool chidren were positively correlated with the percentage of skeletal muscle(r＝0.663,0.573,0.557,0.304,P<0.05), and BMI was positively correlated with the percentage of body fat (r=0.555, 0.617, P<0.05). Conclusions In addition to height and weight, there are also obvious changes in the body composition of preschool children. It is necessary to understand the growth of body composition of preschool children comprehensively and enrich the assessment content of children's nutritional status.

Key words: body composition, bioelectrical impedance analysis, preschool children

摘要： 目的 了解南京市学龄前儿童身体成分特征,为丰富儿童健康评价内容提供线索。方法 选取2020年1月—2022年1月就诊于南京市妇幼保健院儿童保健科门诊的3～6岁正常儿童2 010名,常规进行体格测量,同时运用生物电阻抗法(InBodyJ20)对其进行人体体成分测定,检测指标包括身高、体重、体质量指数(BMI)、蛋白质、无机质、体水分、肌肉量、骨骼肌、体脂肪量等,并对测量结果进行分析检验。结果 人体成分与性别有关,男童身高、体重、BMI、蛋白质百分比、体水分百分比、肌肉量百分比、去脂体重率、骨骼肌百分比均高于女童,体脂百分比低于女童,差异有统计学意义(t=3.50、3.61、2.72、6.97、7.49、7.35、7.06、8.32、-7.22,P＜0.05);男女童BMI、体脂百分比各年龄组间变化差异有统计学意义(F_BMI男=23.78、F_BMI女=13.66、F_{体脂百分比,男}=32.34、F_{体脂百分比,女}=9.82,P＜0.05),且均随着年龄增长呈先降低后升高的趋势,其中3、4岁组高于5岁组,6岁组高于5岁组。学龄前男女童的身高、体重均与骨骼肌百分比呈正相关(r=0.663、0.573、0.557、0.304,P<0.05),BMI均与体脂百分比呈正相关(r=0.555、0.617,P＜0.05)。结论 除身高及体重的变化外,学龄前儿童各身体组成成分亦有明显变化,有必要全面了解学龄前儿童身体成分变化特征,以丰富儿童营养状况的评估内容。

关键词: 人体成分, 生物电阻抗, 学龄前儿童